Considerations Regarding the Use of Fuel Cells in Combined Heat and Power for Stationary Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 239-275
Author(s):  
Andrei Mircea Bolboaca
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion Systems ◽  
Polluting Emissions

Covering the energy demands under environmental protection and satisfying economic and social restrictions, together with decreasing polluting emissions, are impetuous necessities, considering that over half of the pollutant emissions released in the environment are the effect of the processes of electricity and heat production from the classic thermoelectric powerplant. Increasing energy efficiency and intensifying the use of alternative resources are key objectives of global policy. In this context, a range of new energy technologies has been developed, based on alternative energy conversion systems, which have recently been used more and more often for the simultaneous production of electricity and heat. An intensification of the use of combined energy production correlated with the tendency towards the use of clean energy resources can be helpful in achieving the global objectives of increasing fuel diversity and ensuring energy demand. The chapter aims at describing the fuel cell technology, in particular those of the SOFC type, used in the CHP for stationary applications.

Exploring the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on Algeria’s energy used and climate change based on Olduvai theory

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Industrial Civilization ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
The Impact

The Death of Industrial Civilization explains how the contemporary ecological crisis within industrial society is caused by the values inherent in unlimited economic growth and competitive materialism. It demonstrates the central role and importance of electricity, and what policy makers need to do in order to ensure that current and future systems remain reliable even as they are transformed by the rise of clean energy technologies. The novel COVID19 pandemic has created an unprecedented global health and economic crisis. The result of such a scenario is that energy demand contracts by 6%, the largest in 70 years in percentage terms and the largest ever in absolute terms. The impact of Covid19 on energy demand in 2020 would be more than seven times larger than the impact of the 2008 financial crisis on global energy demand and this is what the Olduvai theory is defined by e=energy production/population. It states that the life expectancy of Industrial Civilization is less than or equal to 100 years.

scholarly journals Possibilities of Biogas in Urban Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Srijana Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Increasing Demand

Increasing population and rapid development in the planet earth have resulted in increasing demand of energy sources. Developed countries have adopted renewable sources in their policy for a sustainable future but, developing countries like Nepal are still lagging behind. Petroleum gas is used by all the city dwellers which is imported from neighboring countries and is not sustainable for a long term. Rapid urban growth has brought solid waste management and energy demand as a great challenge. Production of energy through biogas can help in management of bio-degradable waste as well as fulfill energy demands. This paper highlights study of large-scale biogas plant in and outside Nepal and explains how they have helped in managing waste, fulfilling energy demands and made positive impact in the community. This paper also suggests on possibilities of biogas as an alternative energy in developing scenario of Nepal.

scholarly journals Research on New and Traditional Energy Sources in OECD Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Yung-ho Chiu ◽  
Tai-Yu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Oecd Country ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
New Energy

To mitigate the problems associated with climate change, the low-carbon economy concept is now being championed around the world in an effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and ensure sustainable economic growth. Therefore, to reduce the dependence on traditional energy sources, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has been actively promoting the use of renewable energy. Past research has tended to neglect the influence of other pollutants such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) and have mainly been based on static analyses. To make up for these research gaps, this study examined OECD country data from 2010–2014, with labor, fixed assets, new energy, and traditional energy as the inputs, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), carbon dioxide (CO2), and PM2.5 as the outputs, from which it was found: (1) the overall efficiency of the individual countries varied significantly, with nine countries being found to have efficiencies of 1 for all five years, but many others having efficiencies below 0.2; (2) in countries where there was a need for improvements in traditional energy (which here refers to coal, petroleum and other fossil energy sources), there was also a significant need for improvement in new energy sources (which here refers to clean energy which will produce pollutant emissions and can be directly used for production and life, including resources like nuclear energy and “renewable energy”); (3) countries with poor traditional energy and new energy efficiencies also had poor CO2 and PM2.5 efficiencies; (4) many OECD countries have made progress towards sustainable new energy developments

scholarly journals Co-benefits of large-scale renewables in remote Australia: energy futures and climate change

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barrie Pittock
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Peak Oil ◽  
Skilled Workers

Desert/remote Australia is blessed with abundant natural energy resources from solar, geothermal and other renewable sources. If these were harnessed and connected appropriately desert/remote Australia could be not only energy self-sufficient but a net exporter. Generation of abundant, clean energy can also attract energy-intensive industries and provide local income and employment. Such co-benefits should be included in any cost-benefit analysis. Regardless of renewable energy’s contribution to reducing climate change, the world is already committed to global warming and associated climate changes. Desert/remote Australia will thus inevitably get warmer, with implications for health, energy demand and other issues, and may be subject to increased extremes such as flooding, longer dry spells, more severe storms and coastal inundation. In addition, the prospect of world demand for oil from conventional sources exceeding supply will likely lead to oil shortages, higher oil prices, and additional incentives to provide alternative energy supplies. The region is heavily reliant on diesel generators and fossil fuel-powered motor vehicles and airplanes for transport for within-region mobility, the importation of goods, the tourism industry and emergency medical services. Without adaptation, climate change and peak oil will make living in desert/remote Australia less attractive, resulting in increased difficulty of attracting and retaining skilled workers, which would constrain development. This paper focuses on the climate and energy-related impacts and potential responses. These are both a challenge and an opportunity. They could provide additional employment and income, thus helping remote communities to participate in the clean energy economy of the future and thus overcome some serious social problems. The paper attempts to review current knowledge and provoke debate on relevant investment strategies, and it teases out the questions in need of further research.

A Research on the Application and Calculation of Wind Energy

2013 ◽  
Vol 744 ◽  
pp. 556-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Zhou ◽  
Cai Ling Li ◽  
Ye Han
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Alternative Energies ◽  
Maritime Environment

Nowadays, due to the serious shortage of energy resource, the research and application of new alternative energy has become an important task for each country and government all over the world. In order to protect environment and raise the utilization of marine power, Maritime Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) of International Maritime Organization (IMO) encouraged ship operators to use new alternative energies to reduce marine CO2 emission. Currently, marine new energy technologies mainly include solar energy, wind energy, waste heat recovery and biological substitute fuel. Wind energy, as a clean and easy getting energy, has been paid a high attention to. This paper mainly introduces the basic features and calculation of wind energy, and then put forwards some shortcomings in the application of it on the ships.

scholarly journals Biogas Technology in Germany and Romania: Comparative Aspects and Achievements

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela PALELA ◽  
Carmen SOCACIU
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Social Strategies ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Final Energy Consumption

The European Union’s policies regarding the energy security impose to the European countries to take urgent measures because of the global energy demand which is growing rapidly. The ambitious target approved by the renewable energy directive is that 20 % of the final energy consumption has to be provided by renewable sources by 2020. The technological transfer from west to east Europe encourages the eastern countries with a high agricultural potential to develop political, economical, and social strategies to replace the fossil resources with the renewable materials. The main goal of the European countries is to promote the clean energy technologies. Thus, the share of renewable resources such as wind, solar, biomass, geothermal, biogas, etc. has to be increases with 24 % of the final energy consumption compared to the overall EU target of 20 %. The current work emphasize the technological state and perspectives of the biogas production of the Romanian country in comparison with the leader country in Europe, Germany.

scholarly journals Le potentiel de la biomasse forestière comme source d’énergie pour le Canada

2011 ◽  
Vol 87 (03) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Paré ◽  
Pierre Bernier ◽  
Evelyne Thiffault ◽  
Brian Titus
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Biomass Supply ◽  
Relative Scarcity ◽  
Le Canada

There is a growing interest in using forest biomass as an energy source. The main objectives of this paper are to give some figures and perspectives on Canadian forest biomass supply with respect to Canada's energy demand and to examine the potential of using this feedstock for reducing our greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Published estimates of forest biomass supply as harvest residues are reported and discussed. The range of estimates listed here indicates that this source of energy is important but that it is still a fraction of our energy demands. The potential of using this biomass to reduce our GHG emissions is strongly dependent, among other factors, on the technological pathways that are used, with direct heat production and combined heat and power (CHP) ranking amongst the best options available. The relative scarcity of the resource behooves us to use it efficiently.

scholarly journals The potential of forest biomass as an energy supply for Canada

2011 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Paré ◽  
Pierre Bernier ◽  
Evelyne Thiffault ◽  
Brian D Titus
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Relative Scarcity

There is a growing interest in using forest biomass as an energy source. The main objectives of this paper are to give somefigures and perspectives on Canadian forest biomass supply with respect to Canada’s energy demand and to examine thepotential of using this feedstock for reducing our greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Published estimates of forest biomasssupply as harvest residues are reported and discussed. The range of estimates listed here indicates that this source ofenergy is important but that it is still a fraction of our energy demands. The potential of using this biomass to reduce ourGHG emissions is strongly dependent, among other factors, on the technological pathways that are used, with direct heatproduction and combined heat and power (CHP) ranking amongst the best options available. The relative scarcity of theresource behooves us to use it efficiently. Key words: forest biomass, residue, greenhouse gas, mitigation, energy, sustainable forestry

Decarbonizing the Energy Supply May Increase Energy Demand

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard York
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Environmental Implications

In order to limit human impact on the global climate, it is necessary to decarbonize the energy supply of nations by adopting clean energy sources to replace fossil fuels. However, as I show here on the basis of an analysis of cross-national time-series data for the past five decades, reducing the carbon intensity of overall energy use is associated with higher energy use, and reducing the carbon intensity of electricity production is associated with higher electricity production. These findings suggest that adding noncarbon and low-carbon energy generation capacity may be connected with processes that spur energy demand. This has important environmental implications, since alternative energy sources have serious environmental impacts of their own. The policy challenge is to ensure that clean energy sources replace rather than add to carbon-based energy.

scholarly journals Recent Research Activities in Solid and Liquid Bioenergy from Lignocellulosic Biomass

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Jae-Hyuk Jang ◽  
Seung-Hwan Lee ◽  
Nam-Hun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transportation Fuels ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Petroleum Resources

The increase in energy demand, the lack of petroleum resources, and concern over global climate change have placed great emphasis on the development of new alternative energy technologies that can be used to replace fossil transportation fuels (Himmel et al. 2007; Labbe et al. 2008; Lee et al. 2009a,b,c; Teramoto et al. 2008, 2009). In this context, many countries have initiated extensive research and development programs for bioenergy. Bioenergy can be classified into three kinds of solid, liquid, and gas bioenergy. For the effective production and utilization of these three types of bioenergy, different technologies are required (Figure 1). Lignocellulosic biomass, such as wood and agricultural residues, are widely distributed and easily accessible at relatively low costs. Of these, wood has the benefit of having a higher energy content per volume, lower ash content, and nitrogen content. In this review, recent research trends and advances in bioenergy from lignocellulosic biomass will be summarized from the author’s point of view.

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