Evaluating urbanization impact on stressed aquifer of Quetta Valley, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Faizan Dawood ◽  
Malik Muhammad Akhtar ◽  
Muhsan Ehsan
Keyword(s):  
Quetta Valley

scholarly journals Assessment of Solar Photovoltaic Water Pumping of WASA Tube Wells for Irrigation in Quetta Valley Aquifer

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6676
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saydal Khan ◽  
Ali Tahir ◽  
Imtiaz Alam ◽  
Sohail Razzaq ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Groundwater Aquifer ◽  
Tube Wells ◽  
Military Engineering ◽  
Quetta Valley ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the impact of tube wells on the discharge and water table of the Quetta Valley aquifer and conducts a financial analysis of the solar photovoltaic water pumping system (SPVWP) in comparison with a typical pumping system for the Water and Sanitation Agency of Quetta’s (WASA) tube wells. Quetta Valley is dependent on groundwater as surface resources are on decline and unpredictable. The population of this city has exponentially increased from 0.26 million in 1975 to 2.2 million in 2017 which has put a lot of pressure on the groundwater aquifer by installing more than 500 large capacity tube wells by WASA and Public Health Engineering (PHE) departments in addition to thousands of low-capacity private tube wells. The unprecedented running of these wells has resulted in drying of the historical Karez system, agricultural activities, and the sharp increase in power tariffs. There are 423 tube wells in operation installed by WASA in addition to PHE, Irrigation and Military Engineering Services (MES), which covers 60% of the city’s water demand. The results will be beneficial for organizations and positively impact the operation of these wells to meet public water demand. For the two zones, i.e., Zarghoon and Chiltan in Quetta Valley, recommendations are given for improved water management.

Trace element geochemistry of groundwater from Quetta Valley, western Pakistan

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuhab D. Khan ◽  
Khalid Mahmood ◽  
Mohamed I. Sultan ◽  
Abdul S. Khan ◽  
Yingqian Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Trace Element Geochemistry ◽  
Element Geochemistry ◽  
Quetta Valley

scholarly journals Surface and subsurface water quality assessment in semi-arid region: a case study from Quetta and Sorange Intermontane Valleys, Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 938-954 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Hydrochemical Facies ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Sodium Percent ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Siwalik Group ◽  
Quetta Valley

<div> <p>Present investigation is an exertion to explore safe means of water for the community in the water scare region. In order to accomplish such goal origin of springs as well as chemical analyses of groundwater samples from different locations were carried out. Four zones are discovered on the basis of nature of water points, rock types and water chemistry. These zones are Hard Rocks Springs (HRS), Valley Springs (VS), Recharge Areas Aquifers (RAA) and Central Valley Aquifers (CVA). HRS are originated from thick successions of limestone (Kirthar Limestone) and thick packages of channelized sandstone and conglomerates of the Siwalik Group. It is recommended that Chiltan, Parh, Kirthar, Dhok Pathan and Soan formations may be focused for future needs of safe water supply in the Quetta valley. This study includes the analysis of different physico-chemical parameters such as Total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, turbidity, Electrical conductivity (EC), hydrochemical facies, Sodium Adsorption Ration (SAR), Sodium Percent (Na%), Kelleys Index (KI), Permeability Index (PI), major cation and anions to assess the quality of groundwater sources. The outcomes of groundwater analyses were equated with various drinking water standards e.g., NSDWQ-Pak, USEPA, and EU. The results are plotted for determination of lateral variations and to empathize the reasons of these variations. The affects of rock types, geological structures as well as anthropogenic causes on origin and results are discussed systematically. The hydrochemical facies identified show that the alkaline earth exceeds alkalies, strong acids exceeds weak acids, mixed type (no cation, anion exceeds 50%), no dominant cation and anion types but water of VS is calcium chloride and sulfate type. The water is classified as C2-S1 (HRS), C3-S1 (CVA &amp; RAA) and C3-S2 (VS) based on SAR and EC values, which intend that most water samples can be used for irrigation safely except water samples collected from VS. Based on the Na% the water samples are categorized as excellent to good and good to permissible limits. The water is suitable for irrigation as all samples bear KI less than 1. The PI values in the water samples studied (less than 40) also contemplate that the water is desirable for irrigation use, although caution is needed of VS water.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Iron-deficiency anemia. A study of risk factors among adult population of Quetta Valley

Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 04 (09) ◽  
pp. 607-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Mahmood ◽  
Hasan Salman Siddiqi ◽  
Ashif Sajjad ◽  
Sohail Shoukat ◽  
Zahid Mehmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Quetta Valley

scholarly journals Daily Climate Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation Over Quetta Valley, Pakistan During 1961-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-48
Author(s):  
Imran Hameed Durrani ◽  
Shahzada Adnan ◽  
Syed Mobasher Aftab
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Climate Extreme ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Quetta Valley ◽  
Extreme Indices

Climate extremes are imperative to study the impacts of climate change that is significantly observed for the management of scarce water resources of the Quetta Valley. The daily data of temperature and precipitation are used to model the climate extreme indices for Quetta Meteorological Station from1961 to 2019. The statistical tests were performed by using Mann Kendal and Sen’s Slope method at the 95% confidence level. The overall change in minimum to maximum temperatures and precipitation-based climate extreme indices specify the frequencies of extreme events are increasing. That would cause heatwaves, gradual warming, steady dryness, and extreme precipitation events in the long term over the Quetta Valley. The minimum and maximum temperature-based indices inclusively indicate positive trends. That ultimately leads to a warming climate with a significant increase in summer as 5 days/decade, tropical nights as 5.3 days/decade, daily maximum as 0.28°C/decade, warm nights as 1.7 days/decade and warm days as 1.9 days/decade. For precipitation, all the indices show positive trends with a significant increase in consecutive wet days for 0.1 days/decade and an annual contribution of very wet days 0.8% per decade. The monthly increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation would increase the evaporative demands which may arise the water stress conditions over the valley and may put pressure over groundwater reservoirs.

scholarly journals MAR site suitability mapping for arid–semiarid regions by remote data and combined approach: A case study from Balochistan, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Sikandar Hayat ◽  
Zsóka Szabóa ◽  
Ádám Tóth ◽  
Judit Mádl-Szőnyi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Semiarid Regions ◽  
Suitability Map ◽  
Quetta Valley

Climate change, along with the rapid increase in population and mismanagement of water resources, resulted in a decline in the quality and quantity of groundwater worldwide. Balochistan, the largest and driest province of Pakistan, is located in the south western part of the country. This region is suffering from the declining water table, land subsidence, and intense soil erosion. Rapidly increasing population, sea level rise, increasing temperature, declining average annual precipitation, and short-duration intense rainfalls with reduced percolation rates are further aggravating the situation. Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) is considered as a solution to reduce the stress on groundwater resources and achieve resilience to climate change. Creating a MAR suitability map may be one of the steps to be taken to reach sustainable groundwater management. This study produced the first MAR suitability map of the Quetta Valley, the most densely populated city of Balochistan, and Poralai and Hingol coastal basins suffering from seawater intrusion. To construct the MAR suitability map, the online INOWAS platform was first used to narrow down the suitable MAR options. Then, the six influencing factors including geology, slope, land-cover, precipitation, drainage density, and soil were identified, and the raster map of each factor was scored and weighted using GIS tools and the Multi Influencing Factor (MIF) method. All the factors were integrated according to their weight by using the ‘Weighted Overlay Analysis’ tool and the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (GIS-MCDA) in ArcGIS to produce the final MAR suitability map. The suitability map divided the study area into high, moderate, low, and very low suitability classes. The results depict that 80% of Poralai Basin, 10% of Hingol Basin and less than 5% of Quetta Valley falls in the high MAR suitability zone especially for trenches, ditches, furrows, and leaky dams. The first MAR suitability map for the basins of Balochistan can serve as the guidance and screening tool to focus site specific studies for highly suitable areas for MAR implementation. In the following phase of the study, an analysis of source, quality, and final use of water can serve to design and develop the specific MAR structures according to local conditions and needs. The displayed method is applicable to further MAR suitability studies for other arid-semiarid regions.

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