A New External Landmark for Mental Foramen

ABSTRACT Purpose The purpose of this study was to establish a new external landmark of mental foramen to help facilitate prediction of the location during local anesthesia and during surgery of mandibular region. Materials and methods One hundred and ten adult Thai cadavers of 61 males and 49 females from Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University were included in this study. The anatomy of mental foramen in 110 adult Thai cadavers (220 sides) was studied from 2008 until 2011. Measurements in vertical plane were made: (i) From gingival sulcus to mental foramen = A, (ii) from mental foramen to inferior border of mandible = B, and (iii) the ratio of A/A + B = D. Measurements in horizontal plane were also made: (i) From symphysis menti to the mental foramen = S (in straight line and not related to mandibular curvature), and (ii) from symphysis menti to the mental foramen = C (in curved line related to mandibular curvature), and (iii) in relation to position of lower tooth/teeth, and (iv) in relation to cheilions (corners of the mouth). Results The results included 61 male and 49 female cadavers. On the right side, the proportion of A/A + B (D) of male and female was 0.50 and 0.46. On the left side, the proportion of A/A + B (D) of male and female was 0.50 and 0.46. The location of right and left cheilion was related with the position of mental foramen, mostly at center (male: 63.93 and 70.49%, female: 61.22 and 73.47%). If center ± 0.3 cm it was possible to find the mental foramen more easily than the point of the center (male: 95.08 and 91.80%, female: 87.76 and 93.88%). If center ± 0.5 cm, it could find the mental foramen more easily than the point of the center ± 0.3 cm (male: 98.36 and 98.36%, female: 95.92 and 97.96%). Conclusion The knowledge gained from this study is quite important, since it helps the surgeon to easily identify the mental foramen prior to surgery which is halfway between gingival sulcus and inferior border of mandible in vertical plane and at the cheilion position in horizontal plane.

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A New External Landmark for Mental Foramen

Otorhinolaryngology Clinics - An International Journal ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10003-1107 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 29-33

Author(s):

Jumroon Tungkeeratichai ◽

Thongchai Bhongmakapat ◽

Porncharn Saitongdee ◽

Pisamai Orathai

Keyword(s):

Local Anesthesia ◽

Horizontal Plane ◽

Vertical Plane ◽

Mental Foramen ◽

Male And Female ◽

Straight Line ◽

Mandibular Region ◽

Inferior Border ◽

The Right ◽

External Landmark

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Evaluation of the Position of Mental Foramen for Clinical and Forensic Significance in terms of Gender in Dentate Subjects by Digital Panoramic Radiographs

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1926 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 762-768 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Amit Mhapuskar ◽

Shweta Thakare ◽

Darshan Hiremutt ◽

Versha R Giroh ◽

Kedarnath Kalyanpur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vertical Plane ◽

Mental Foramen ◽

Forensic Identification ◽

P Value ◽

Anatomical Landmarks ◽

Panoramic Radiographs ◽

Lower Border ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Common Position ◽

Inferior Border

ABSTRACT Introduction Evaluation of the position of mental foramen aids in forensic, surgical, endodontic, as well as diagnostic procedures. Thus, in view of this, the present study was conducted among the population of Pune, a central part of India, to determine the most regular location of the mental foramen and to estimate difference in position of mental foramen based on gender. Materials and methods The present retrospective study was commenced on 200 digital panoramic radiographs of dentate patients. The location of the representation of the mental foramen was traced. Measurements for evaluating distance of superior and inferior borders of the foramen in relation to the lower border of the mandible were made using the reference lines drawn from anatomical landmarks. The data so obtained were statistically analyzed using chi-square test. Results The most common position of mental foramen among Pune population in horizontal plane in both male and female patients was in line with second premolar followed by position in between first and second premolar, whereas in the vertical plane, most common position was at or in line with apex of second premolar followed by in between apex of first and second premolar. The variation in length of superior and inferior border of the foramen in relation to lower border of the mandible with respect to gender was found to be significant, with p-value <0.05. Conclusion There was no difference in position of mental foramen in horizontal and vertical planes based on gender. Clinical significance The stability of location of mental foramen and significant difference in length of superior and inferior border of the foramen in relation to lower border of the mandible with respect to gender offer its application in forensic identification of gender. How to cite this article Thakare S, Mhapuskar A, Hiremutt D, Giroh VR, Kalyanpur K, Alpana KR. Evaluation of the Position of Mental Foramen for Clinical and Forensic Significance in terms of Gender in Dentate Subjects by Digital Panoramic Radiographs. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(9):762-768.

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Evaluation of Mandibular Anatomical Formation for Gender Determination in Turkish Population

Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine ◽

10.2478/bjdm-2018-0023 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 133-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Burak Apaydın ◽

Derya Icoz ◽

Fusun Yasar ◽

Faruk Akgunlu

Keyword(s):

Turkish Population ◽

Mental Foramen ◽

Panoramic Radiographs ◽

Gonial Angle ◽

Gender Determination ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Males And Females ◽

Inferior Border ◽

The Right ◽

Gender Groups

SummaryBackground/Aim: Gender determination is one of the most challenging tasks in medico-legal research and forensic dentistry. Several skeletal components are investigated for this purpose and the mandible is one of them. The mandible has several specific anatomical features. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of measurements related to the mental foramen, gonial angle and antegonial angle on gender determination using digital panoramic radiographs.Material and Methods: A retrospective study was planned with 150 digital panoramic radiographs (75 males and 75 females, aged between 20 to 49 years). The radiographs were analyzed by dividing them into two equal gender groups (male and female). Several parameters were compared to determine the gender. The distances from the superior and inferior border of the mental foramen to the basis of the mandible on the right side were measured. Gonial and antegonial angles were evaluated bilaterally. The difference between the males and females were analyzed with independent samples t-test (p<0.05).Results: There was statistically significant difference between the males and females in terms of all the evaluated parameters (p<0.05). The distances related to mental foramen is higher in the males however gonial and antegonial angles are larger in the females.Conclusions: The mental foramen position, gonial and antegonial angles can be used to predict the gender in Turkish population.

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Radiographic position of the mental foramen

Anatomical Science ◽

10.24294/as.v1i3.732 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Tushar Manohar Rothe

Keyword(s):

Local Anesthesia ◽

Surgical Procedures ◽

Indian Population ◽

Surgical Intervention ◽

Mental Foramen ◽

Male And Female ◽

Panoramic Radiographs ◽

Common Location ◽

Usual Location

Background: The location of the mental foramen is important for dental surgeons. Variations in its locations can be a cause of complications during local anesthesia or surgical procedures which involving mandible. The usual location of the mental foramen in an Indian population has not been previously reported.Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the most common location of the mental foramen in an Indian population.Materials and Methods: 260 panoramic radiographs were evaluated with regard to the location and symmetry of the mental foramina in male and female subjects.Results: We found that the mental foramen was located between the first and second premolars in 20% , in line with the second premolar in 61%, between the second premolar and mesial root of first molar 3.8%, In the line of mesial root of first molar 5.3% and distal to mesial root of first molar 0.3%. It was symmetrical in 59 %.Conclusions: This study emphasis that the most common location of mental foramen is in the line of second premolar followed by between the two premolars. The clinician should asses the location of mental foramen before any surgical intervention involving mandible.

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On a mal-conformation of the uterine system in women; and on some physiological conclusions to be derived from it. In a letter to Sir Everard Home, Bart. V. P. R. S. from A. B. Granville, M. D. F. R. S. F. L. S. Physician in ordinary to H. R. H. the Duke of Clarence ;Member of the Royal College of Physicians, and Physician-Accoucheur to the Westminster General Dispensary

Abstracts of the Papers Printed in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London ◽

10.1098/rspl.1815.0087 ◽

1833 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 95-95

Keyword(s):

Royal College ◽

Male And Female ◽

First Case ◽

Straight Line ◽

The Right ◽

General Dispensary

The uterus described in this paper had acquired its full development upon the right side only. The left side exhibited a straight line, about half an inch distant from its centre. Upon this side also all the appendages of the uterus were deficient, though their rudiments might be traced. This woman was the mother of eleven children of both sexes, and had been delivered of twins, male and female, a few days before her death, which was occasioned by diseased heart and aneurism of the aorta. Dr. Granville remarks that this is the first case upon record which disproves the opinion that the different sides of the uterus are concerned in the production of the two sexes. It also shows that twins of both sexes may be derived from one ovarium.

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CBCT Assessment of Mental Foramen Position Relative to Anatomical Landmarks

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2016/5821048 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mahnaz Sheikhi ◽

Mitra Karbasi Kheir

Keyword(s):

Mental Foramen ◽

Anatomical Landmarks ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Edentulous Patients ◽

Inferior Border ◽

The Right ◽

Superior Border

Purpose. This study was carried out on an Iranian population aiming to investigate mental foramen position relative to inferior border of mandible and skeletal midline and its gender and age differences on CBCT projections. Materials and Methods. A number of 180 CBCT images of patients were analyzed in different planes (tangential, cross-sectional, and axial). The distances from the superior border of mental foramen to the inferior border of mandible and from the anterior border of mental foramen to the midline were calculated. Results. The mean distance from mental foramen to the inferior border of mandible in the right side was 13.26 mm (SD ± 2.34) and in the left side was 13.37 mm (SD ± 2.19). There was a statistically significant difference between genders in terms of the distance between mental foramen and inferior border of mandible (P value = 0.000). The mean distances from mental foramen to midline were 25.86 mm (SD ± 0.27) and 25.53 mm (SD ± 0.31) in the right and left sides, respectively. Conclusions. The vertical and horizontal positions of mental foramen can be determined from stable anatomical landmarks such as mandibular inferior border and skeletal midline in both dentulous and edentulous patients. The distance from the superior border of mental foramen to the inferior border of mandible exhibited sexual dimorphism.

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Dielectric anisotropy as indicator of crystal orientation fabric in Dome Fuji ice core: method and initial results

Journal of Glaciology ◽

10.1017/jog.2021.73 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Tomotaka Saruya ◽

Shuji Fujita ◽

Ryo Inoue

Keyword(s):

Crystal Orientation ◽

Horizontal Plane ◽

Ice Core ◽

Vertical Plane ◽

Vertical Direction ◽

Core Sample ◽

Dielectric Anisotropy ◽

Principal Axes ◽

Polycrystalline Ice ◽

Initial Results

Abstract Polycrystalline ice is known to exhibit macroscopic anisotropy in relative permittivity (ɛ) depending on the crystal orientation fabric (COF). Using a new system designed to measure the tensorial components of ɛ, we investigated the dielectric anisotropy (Δɛ) of a deep ice core sample obtained from Dome Fuji, East Antarctica. This technique permits the continuous nondestructive assessment of the COF in thick ice sections. Measurements of vertical prism sections along the core showed that the Δɛ values in the vertical direction increased with increasing depth, supporting previous findings of c-axis clustering around the vertical direction. Analyses of horizontal disk sections demonstrated that the magnitude of Δɛ in the horizontal plane was 10–15% of that in the vertical plane. In addition, the directions of the principal axes of tensorial ɛ in the horizontal plane corresponded to the long or short axis of the elliptically elongated single-pole maximum COF. The data confirmed that Δɛ in the vertical and horizontal planes adequately indicated the preferred orientations of the c-axes, and that Δɛ can be considered to represent a direct substitute for the normalized COF eigenvalues. This new method could be extremely useful as a means of investigating continuous and depth-dependent variations in COF.

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Projection Surfaces Detection and Image Correction for Mobile Robots in HRI

Journal of Sensors ◽

10.1155/2017/4853915 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Enrique Fernández-Rodicio ◽

Víctor González-Pacheco ◽

José Carlos Castillo ◽

Álvaro Castro-González ◽

María Malfaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mobile Robot ◽

Vertical Plane ◽

Vertical Surface ◽

Human Robot Interaction ◽

Image Correction ◽

Robot Interaction ◽

Kinect Camera ◽

Fitting Algorithm ◽

The Right ◽

Large Groups

Projectors have become a widespread tool to share information in Human-Robot Interaction with large groups of people in a comfortable way. Finding a suitable vertical surface becomes a problem when the projector changes positions when a mobile robot is looking for suitable surfaces to project. Two problems must be addressed to achieve a correct undistorted image: (i) finding the biggest suitable surface free from obstacles and (ii) adapting the output image to correct the distortion due to the angle between the robot and a nonorthogonal surface. We propose a RANSAC-based method that detects a vertical plane inside a point cloud. Then, inside this plane, we apply a rectangle-fitting algorithm over the region in which the projector can work. Finally, the algorithm checks the surface looking for imperfections and occlusions and transforms the original image using a homography matrix to display it over the area detected. The proposed solution can detect projection areas in real-time using a single Kinect camera, which makes it suitable for applications where a robot interacts with other people in unknown environments. Our Projection Surfaces Detector and the Image Correction module allow a mobile robot to find the right surface and display images without deformation, improving its ability to interact with people.

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Induced segmental reorganization in sabellid worms

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.47.1.85 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 85-96

Author(s):

N. J Berrill

Keyword(s):

Unique Feature ◽

Vertical Plane ◽

Main Axis ◽

The Other ◽

Basal Portion ◽

Thoracic Stomach ◽

The Right ◽

Number Of Segments ◽

Head Regeneration ◽

Complete Inversion

Processes of regeneration and reorganization are analyzed in two sabellid polychaetes. Abdominal pieces of Branchiomma nigromaculata, during head regeneration, ordinarily reorganize only a fraction of the number of segments typical of the thorax. In pieces transected in the vertical plane, but obliquely with regard to the main axis of the worm, the extent of reorganization is greatly enhanced. The same number of segments transform on the right and left sides, the surviving damaged segments transforming on one side and a corresponding number of more posterior, undamaged segments transforming on the other. Reorganization is shown, in abdominal pieces of Sabella melanostigma, to involve destruction and inversed dorso-ventral reconstitution of all parapodial structures in the segments affected, the conversion of intestine to thoracic stomach, and the invasion of previously abdominal segments by a pair of large nephridia which grow posteriorly after being formed in the basal portion of the head blastema. All three events exhibit a time-graded character, starting soonest at the anterior end and progressively later posteriorly, and apparently independently of one another. Abdominal type segments are formed only from the anterior region of the caudal, prepygidial zone of growth, successively, never by transformation. The dorso-ventrality of abdominal segments is the inverse of the thoracic, with the antero-posterior polarity unchanged, in all circumstances. Only during posterior regeneration from thoracic segments are thoracic segments produced from the posterior zone of growth, but only two or three are thus formed, the zone of growth then changing to the production of abdominal segments. It is concluded that the unique feature of sabellid-serpulid organization is the complete inversion of the dorso-ventrality of the posterior zone of growth as the result of emancipation from the generally dominating dorsal field emanating from the anterior end.

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A STUDY OF THE DIMENSIONS OF HUMAN ACETABULUM IN THE DRY HIP BONES OF SOUTH KERALA POPULATION

10.36106/ijar/2702747 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 11-14

Author(s):

Rani Raphael M ◽

Sajey P. S. ◽

Rajad. R ◽

Varghese P. D

Keyword(s):

Indian Population ◽

Hip Prosthesis ◽

Human Anatomy ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Male And Female ◽

Medical College ◽

The Mean ◽

Kerala State ◽

The Right ◽

Anatomical Parameters

Introduction: In human anatomy the acetabulum is a cavity on the lateral aspect of the hip-bone. The purpose of this study is to record the depth and diameter of the acetabulum cavity to accumulate morphological data helpful for anthropologists, Forensic medicine experts and orthopedicians. Materials And Methods: The study was done on 88 adult human hip bones (42 right and 46 left) collected from Department of Anatomy, Govt.T.D Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala state. The diameters and maximum depth were measured using digital vernier calliper. The measurements were compared with other studies in the world. The mean diam Results: eter of acetabulum was 48.08 ± 3.21mm, 44.16 ± 2.60 mm in male and female respectively. The mean ± S.D value of depth was 29.11± 2.37 and 27.20± 2.01 mm. in male and female respectively. The correlation between depth and diameter was signicant only in the right male hip bones. There is signicant variation in the Conclusion: anatomical parameters of hip bone between different Indian population groups. The data from this study may be used for designing population specic hip prosthesis.

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