Management of Intraoral Gunshot Injury – A Case Report

ABSTRACT Oral and Maxillofacial gunshot injuries are usually lethal due to close proximity with the vital structures. The severity of injury varies according to the caliber of the weapon used and to the distance from which the patient is shot. A case of gunshot injury that was successfully managed by surgical exploration and removal of bullet from left maxillary antrum under local anesthesia is presented. The initial care of facial gunshot wounds strictly adheres to the basics of trauma resuscitation. Early and appropriate surgical management have proved to be influential on the final outcome and aesthetic result. Treatment of gunshot injuries should be planned and carried out carefully. It takes different stages and procedures to achieve the targeted treatment plan. Prevention and control of infection are important in the success of the treatment.

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Surgical Treatment of Gunshot Injuries to the Mandible

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1016/s0194-5998(03)00481-9 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 129 (3) ◽

pp. 239-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Shawn D. Newlands ◽

Sreedhar Samudrala ◽

W. Kevin Katzenmeyer

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Gunshot Wounds ◽

Reconstructive Procedures ◽

Gunshot Injuries ◽

Mandibular Injuries ◽

Severity Of Injury ◽

Tertiary Care Centers ◽

Mandible Fractures ◽

Very High

OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to review and identify risk factors for complications from treatment of mandible fractures due to gunshot wounds. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a retrospective review of treatment outcomes in 90 patients with gunshot wounds to the mandible treated over a 10-year period at 2 tertiary care centers. RESULTS: Our series of 90 patients with mandibular injuries due to gunshot wounds included 68 patients who underwent surgical procedures on the mandible. There were 14 complications in this group. Complications were more common in patients whose mandibles were rigidly fixated; however, these patients' injuries were more severe. Complications were significantly increased in patients who lost a segment of mandible in the injury. CONCLUSIONS: Complications were related to severity of injury and independent of treatment modality. SIGNIFICANCE: The complication rate for patients with gunshot injuries can be very high, particularly if bone is missing. Stabilization of remaining mandibular segments with potentially multiple subsequent reconstructive procedures is often required to restore mandibular continuity in these patients.

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Managing the Transition to Edentulousness Using Partial Transitional Dentures for First Time Prosthodontic Patients: Addressing Unrealistic Expectations – A Case Report

Journal of Oral & Dental Health ◽

10.33140/jodh/01/01/00001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Treatment Outcomes ◽

Treatment Planning ◽

Clinical Relevance ◽

Treatment Plan ◽

Sequential Treatment ◽

Aesthetic Result ◽

Abutment Teeth ◽

First Time ◽

Unrealistic Expectations

Aim: The aim of this report is to describe the management of a prosthodontic patient expressing unrealistic expectations with respect to the transition to edentulousness. Objectives: To outline (1) the diagnosis and explicit expectations of the patient on presentation (2) considerations made during treatment planning to address the wishes of the first time prosthodontic patient (3) a sequential treatment plan utilizing transitional partial removable dentures to manage the change to edentulousness (4) functional and aesthetic result achieved. Results: Delivery of immediate removable partial dentures retaining key abutment teeth in upper and lower arches was a viable prosthodontic solution in the transition to edentulousness of a patient expecting unrealistic treatment outcomes. Conclusions: Addressing impractical expectations and devising a treatment plan amenable to both clinician and patient is difficult. Strategies to manage these wishes in prosthodontic dentistry can include transitional partial dentures. Clinical relevance: Practitioners who encounter similar situations may consider this report valuable.

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TraceTogether: Pandemic Response, Democracy, and Technology

East Asian Science Technology and Society ◽

10.1215/18752160-8698301 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 523-532 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hallam Stevens ◽

Monamie Bhadra Haines

Keyword(s):

Citizen Science ◽

Social Trust ◽

Public Support ◽

Contact Tracing ◽

Democratic Participation ◽

Government Power ◽

Power And Control ◽

Close Proximity ◽

Pandemic Response ◽

And Control

Abstract On 20 March 2020, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Singapore government released a new app called TraceTogether. Developed by the Ministry of Health, SG United, and GovTech Singapore, the app uses the Bluetooth capability of smartphones to store information about other smartphones that have come into close proximity with your own. These data facilitate the government’s process of “contact tracing” through which they track those who have potentially come into contact with the virus and place them in quarantine. This essay attempts to understand what kinds of citizens and civic behavior might be brought into being by this technology. By examining the workings and affordances of the TraceTogether app in detail, the authors argue that its peer-to-peer and open-source technology features mobilize the rhetorics and ideals of citizens science and democratic participation. However, by deploying these within a context that centralizes data, the app turns ideals born of dissent and protest on their head, using them to build trust not within a community but rather in government power and control. Rather than building social trust, TraceTogether becomes a technological substitute for it. The significant public support for TraceTogether shows both the possibilities and limitations of citizen science in less liberal political contexts and circumstances.

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Assessing the Dynamics and Control of Droplet- and Aerosol-Transmitted Influenza Using an Indoor Positioning System

10.1101/130658 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Timo Smieszek ◽

Gianrocco Lazzari ◽

Marcel Salathé

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensors ◽

Public Spaces ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Effective Control ◽

Positioning System ◽

Close Physical Proximity ◽

Close Proximity ◽

Dynamics And Control ◽

And Control ◽

Indoor Positioning System

ABSTRACTThere is increasing evidence that aerosol transmission is a major contributor to the spread of influenza. Despite this, virtually all studies assessing the dynamics and control of influenza assume that it is transmitted solely through direct contact and large droplets, requiring close physical proximity. Here, we use wireless sensors to measure simultaneously both the location and close proximity contacts in the population of a US high school. This dataset, highly resolved in space and time, allows us to model both droplet and aerosol transmission either in isolation or in combination. In particular, it allows us to computationally assess the effectiveness of overlooked mitigation strategies such as improved ventilation that are available in the case of aerosol transmission. While the effects of the type of transmission on disease outbreak dynamics appear to be weak, we find that good ventilation could be as effective in mitigating outbreaks as vaccinating the majority of the population. In simulations using empirical transmission levels observed in households, we find that bringing ventilation to recommended levels has the same mitigating effect as a vaccination coverage of 50% to 60%. Our results therefore suggest that improvements of ventilation in public spaces could be an important and easy-to-implement strategy supplementing vaccination efforts for effective control of influenza spread.

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Unilateral Maxillary Sinusitis Caused By Dental Bur, A case Report

Iraqi Dental Journal ◽

10.46466/idj.v41i2.196 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 8-10

Author(s):

Sahar Abdualkader Ismaeel ◽

Saif Saadedeen Abdulrazaq

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Rare Case ◽

Maxillary Antrum ◽

Maxillary Sinusitis ◽

Treatment Plan ◽

The Other ◽

Trauma Patients ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Serious Infection ◽

Careful Clinical Examination

the entrance of a foreign body (FB) into the maxillary antrum is common in trauma patients where bullets or any other materials trapped in the maxillary sinus; however, iatrogenic cause by a dentist that results in FB entrapment in the maxillary antrum is rare. All these FBs can cause sinusitis. If not treated properly they will cause serious infection, which may spread to the other paranasal sinuses. A careful clinical examination and treatment plan will prevent further complications. In this review, we present a rare case of dental bur (DB) found in the left maxillary antrum. A review of literature revealed only a few cases published which describe a dental bur dislodged in the maxillary antrum.

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Variant Genotypes of the Low-Affinity Fcγ Receptors in Two Control Populations and a Review of Low-Affinity Fcγ Receptor Polymorphisms in Control and Disease Populations

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v94.12.4220 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 94 (12) ◽

pp. 4220-4232 ◽

Cited By ~ 123

Author(s):

Thomas Lehrnbecher ◽

Charles B. Foster ◽

Shaoxian Zhu ◽

Susan F. Leitman ◽

Lynn R. Goldin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Association Studies ◽

Fcγ Receptors ◽

Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽

Biologic Activity ◽

Normal Individuals ◽

Close Proximity ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Variant Alleles ◽

Random Distributions ◽

And Control

Abstract Fcγ-receptors (FcγR) provide a critical link between humoral and cellular immunity. The genes of the low-affinity receptors for IgG and their isoforms, namely, FcγRIIa, FcγRIIb, FcγRIIIa, FcγRIIIb, and SH-FcγRIIIb, are located in close proximity on chromosome 1q22. Variant alleles may differ in biologic activity and a number of studies have reported the frequencies of variant FcγR alleles in both disease and control populations. No large study has evaluated the possibility of a nonrandom distribution of variant genotypes. We analyzed 395 normal individuals (172 African Americans [AA] and 223 Caucasians [CA]) at the following loci: FcγRIIa, FcγRIIIa, and FcγRIIIb, including the SH-FcγRIIIb. The genotypic distributions of FcγRIIa, FcγRIIIa, and FcγRIIIb conform to the Hardy-Weinberg law in each group. There was no strong evidence that combinations of 2-locus genotypes of the 3 loci deviated from random distributions in these healthy control populations. The distribution of SH-FcγRIIIb is underrepresented in CA compared with AA (P < .0001) controls. A previously reported variant FcγRIIb was not detected in 70 normal individuals, indicating that this allele, if it exists, is very rare (<1%). In conclusion, we present data that should serve as the foundation for the interpretation of association studies involving multiple variant alleles of the low-affinity FcγR.

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Teeth in the maxillary sinus – imaging and management

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215100138721 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 111 (9) ◽

pp. 820-824 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Lipa Bodner ◽

Ferit Tovi ◽

Jacob Bar-Ziv

Keyword(s):

Maxillary Sinus ◽

Maxillary Antrum ◽

Treatment Plan ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Plain Film ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Plain Film Radiography ◽

Sinus Wall ◽

Prediction Of Prognosis

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the images obtained by CT in diagnosis and treatment plan of teeth in the maxillary sinus.MethodsTwelve patients with teeth in the maxillary sinus were studied by plain film radiography(PFR) and by CT with a dental software programme, which displays multiple panoramic and cross-sectional views of the mandible and maxilla. The three-dimensional morphology of the tooth, its inclination, proximity to the sinus wall, surgical planning and prediction of prognosis and complications were estimated on both PFR and on CT scans and scored.ResultsThe radiographical features interpreted from PFR were fair or poorly diagnosed whereas CT provided excellent features. The surgical approach of choice was based on CT interpretation.ConclusionCT is useful for diagnosis and treatment planning of teeth in the maxillary antrum.

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Efficacy of a Biopesticide for Control of Aflatoxins in Corn

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-73.3.495 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 495-499 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

JOE W. DORNER

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Flavus ◽

Aflatoxin Contamination ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Application Rates ◽

Close Proximity ◽

The Mean ◽

Toxigenic Strains ◽

And Control ◽

Mean Concentration

A 2-year study was carried out to determine the efficacy of a biopesticide in reducing aflatoxin contamination in corn. The biopesticide, afla-guard, delivers a nontoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus to the field where it competes with naturally occurring toxigenic strains of the fungus. Afla-guard was applied to entire fields in two areas of Texas at either 11.2 or 22.4 kg/ha. Specific nontreated fields in close proximity to treated fields were designated as controls. Samples of corn were collected at harvest and analyzed for aflatoxins and density of toxigenic and nontoxigenic isolates of A. flavus. Aflatoxin concentrations were generally quite low in 2007, but the mean concentration in treated samples (0.5 ppb) was reduced by 85% compared with controls (3.4 ppb). In 2008, samples from treated and control fields averaged 1.5 and 12.4 ppb, respectively, an 88% reduction. There were no significant differences between the two afla-guard application rates. In conjunction with the reductions in aflatoxin contamination, treatments produced significant reductions in the incidence of toxigenic isolates of A. flavus in corn.

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Gunshot Wounds to the Spine in Adolescents

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/01.neu.0000175728.93653.b1 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 748-752 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Henry E. Aryan ◽

Arun P. Amar ◽

Burak M. Ozgur ◽

Michael L. Levy

Keyword(s):

Injury Severity ◽

Spinal Injury ◽

Gunshot Wounds ◽

Dynamic Imaging ◽

Neurological Deficits ◽

Spinal Instability ◽

Severity Of Injury ◽

Bony Involvement ◽

Cervical Injuries

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: The incidence of spinal instability after penetrating gunshot wounds to the spine in adolescents is unknown. We describe our experience over a 15-year period. METHODS: Hospital records were reviewed retrospectively. After injury and emergency care, patients were transferred to a rehabilitation facility. Examinations were completed using the American Spinal Injury Association and Frankel scales on admission, discharge, and 6 and 12 months after injury. Severity of injury was described by: 1) degree of neurological damage, 2) degree of preserved neurological function, and 3) presence of instability. RESULTS: Sixty patients were identified with a mean age 15.6 years (± 2.7 yr). Twelve patients had cervical, 31 thoracic, and 17 lumbosacral injuries. No operative treatments were used in their care. Thirty-four patients had complete neurological deficits. Mean acute hospitalization was 21.1 days (± 22.8 d), and mean rehabilitation stay was 86.3 days (± 48.9 d), for a total hospitalization of 107.4 days (± 65.9 d). At 1 year, 19 patients were ambulatory and 53 were autonomous. Despite the presence of bony involvement in all, no evidence of spinal instability was noted on follow-up dynamic imaging. Even in two patients with apparent two-column disruption, no instability was noted. At 1-year follow-up, significant (nonfunctional) improvement was noted in the neurological examination (P < 0.0001). Improvements were most notable in those patients with cervical injuries, followed by thoracic and lumbar injuries. CONCLUSION: After penetrating gunshot wounds to the spine, patients at 1-year follow-up examinations have evidence of significant, but nonfunctional, improvement. No evidence of spinal instability was noted in this study, and no surgical intervention was required.

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Variant Genotypes of the Low-Affinity Fcγ Receptors in Two Control Populations and a Review of Low-Affinity Fcγ Receptor Polymorphisms in Control and Disease Populations

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v94.12.4220.424k08_4220_4232 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 94 (12) ◽

pp. 4220-4232 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thomas Lehrnbecher ◽

Charles B. Foster ◽

Shaoxian Zhu ◽

Susan F. Leitman ◽

Lynn R. Goldin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Association Studies ◽

Fcγ Receptors ◽

Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽

Biologic Activity ◽

Normal Individuals ◽

Close Proximity ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Variant Alleles ◽

Random Distributions ◽

And Control

Fcγ-receptors (FcγR) provide a critical link between humoral and cellular immunity. The genes of the low-affinity receptors for IgG and their isoforms, namely, FcγRIIa, FcγRIIb, FcγRIIIa, FcγRIIIb, and SH-FcγRIIIb, are located in close proximity on chromosome 1q22. Variant alleles may differ in biologic activity and a number of studies have reported the frequencies of variant FcγR alleles in both disease and control populations. No large study has evaluated the possibility of a nonrandom distribution of variant genotypes. We analyzed 395 normal individuals (172 African Americans [AA] and 223 Caucasians [CA]) at the following loci: FcγRIIa, FcγRIIIa, and FcγRIIIb, including the SH-FcγRIIIb. The genotypic distributions of FcγRIIa, FcγRIIIa, and FcγRIIIb conform to the Hardy-Weinberg law in each group. There was no strong evidence that combinations of 2-locus genotypes of the 3 loci deviated from random distributions in these healthy control populations. The distribution of SH-FcγRIIIb is underrepresented in CA compared with AA (P < .0001) controls. A previously reported variant FcγRIIb was not detected in 70 normal individuals, indicating that this allele, if it exists, is very rare (<1%). In conclusion, we present data that should serve as the foundation for the interpretation of association studies involving multiple variant alleles of the low-affinity FcγR.

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