scholarly journals Role of Ultrasound in the Assessment of Female Infertility

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-200
Author(s):  
Maria Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Female Infertility ◽  
Luteal Phase Defect ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Luteinized Unruptured Follicle ◽  
Ovarian Cycles

ABSTRACT Ultrasound has made significant advancements in reproductive medicine, especially infertility of a female cause. It is a useful tool in the diagnosis and management of various disorders. Transvaginal ultrasonography in particular plays a vital role in infertility treatment as it allows for evaluation of normal and stimulated ovarian cycles, aspiration of follicles, and subsequent transfer of embryos. The use of color Doppler permits visualization of endometrial and intraovarian vessels, facilitating an understanding of normal and abnormal physiology of the uterus and ovaries. This article reviews a variety of case scenarios regarding female infertility that may be encountered in the practice of reproductive endocrinology. Ovarian causes such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, luteinized unruptured follicle, luteal phase defect, premature ovarian failure, and endometriosis, are discussed together with tubal and uterine causes of infertility. By using illustrative images, the reader will be able to correlate findings on B-mode, color Doppler and 3D ultrasound with various causes of female infertility. How to cite this article Sheikh M, Kupesic Plavsic S. Role of Ultrasound in the Assessment of Female Infertility. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(2):184-200.

scholarly journals A prospective study on the role of Hysterolaparoscopy in the evaluation of infertility

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4766
Author(s):  
Pandeeswari B. ◽  
Shalini Mahana Valecha
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Infertility ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Secondary Infertility ◽  
Ovulatory Period ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

Background: Infertility affects about 10-15% of couples of reproductive age groups. The current evidence indicates a 9% prevalence of infertility with 56% of couples seeking medical care. Hysterolaparoscopy provides a comprehensive investigative procedure in which various factors causing female infertility can be assessed at one sitting.Methods: A total 100 infertile women between 20-40 years of age including primary and secondary infertility were evaluated. Patients would be investigated thoroughly for infertility and in preparation for anaesthesia. Tests include follicular study, Ultrasound pelvis. Hysterolaparoscopy was performed in the pre ovulatory period between days 6-10 of the cycle for infertility evaluation.Results: In the present study out of 100 cases for infertility evaluated, primary infertility were 57(57%) and secondary infertility were 43(43%). In our study out of 100 patients, Hysterolaparoscopy showed tuberculosis in 24 (24%) patients, remaining were endometriosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome, congestion, intra-pelvic adhesions, hydro-salpinx.Conclusions: It is concluded that while treating the causes of female infertility combined simultaneous diagnostic laparoscopy and hysteroscopy should be performed in all infertile patients as” seeing is believing” and if any pathologies found to be operable the gynaecologist can perform operative hystero-laparoscopy at that time, hence anticipating the pathologies after pre-operative work up is very important.

scholarly journals Role of Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding in Nonpregnant Patients in Reproductive Age

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
Bailey Wilson ◽  
Sanja Kupesic Plavsic
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Bleeding ◽  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Color Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding

ABSTRACT Abnormal uterine bleeding is defined as any alteration in the volume, pattern or duration of menstrual blood flow. Abnormal uterine bleeding can be due to a number of organic and dysfunctional causes. This article presents different case scenarios of nonpregnant reproductive age patients presenting with abnormal genital tract bleeding. These cases will allow the reader to identify differential diagnoses related to each scenario and to understand ultrasound findings typical for nonpregnant patients presenting with abnormal vaginal bleeding. The role of B-mode and color Doppler ultrasound in the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding is described. Standard treatment methods are also listed for each case. How to cite this article Wilson B, Plavsic SK. Role of Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding in Nonpregnant Patients in Reproductive Age. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(1):112-120.

scholarly journals Ultrasound Imaging of Postpartum Hemorrhage

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiku Andonotopo ◽  
Prachi Kasar
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Postpartum Hemorrhage ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Postpartum Bleeding ◽  
Lower Genital Tract

ABSTRACT The etiology of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is diverse and management depends on identifying the cause and tailoring treatment appropriately. The major causes of PPH are uterine atony, endometritis, retained placental tissue, placental abnormalities, i.e. placenta accreta, increta and percreta, subinvolution of the placental implantation site, arteriovenous malformation (AVM), lower genital tract trauma, uterine abnormalities, bleeding disorders, coagulopathies and use of anticoagulants. Use of imaging modalities (i.e. ultrasound scanning and color and pulsed Doppler) at an early stage in the search for the etiology of PPH helps to decrease morbidity and mortality. This article reviews the differential diagnoses for bleeding in the postpartum period and assesses the role of ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of postpartum bleeding. By using illustrative images, the reader will be able to correlate findings on B-mode, color Doppler and 3D ultrasound in diagnosis and treatment of postpartum bleeding. It is important to be aware of the appearance of normal postpartum uterus to avoid misdiagnosis. How to cite this article Kasar P, Andonotopo W, Kupesic Plavsic S. Ultrasound Imaging of Postpartum Hemorrhage. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(2):175-187.

Role of 3D and 3D Power Doppler to Assess Endometrial Receptivity in IUI Cycles

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Chaitanya B Nagori
Keyword(s):  
Color Doppler ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Endometrial Receptivity ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
3D Power Doppler ◽  
Volume Assessment ◽  
Endometrial Volume

ABSTRACT Background The assessment of the endometrial receptivity at the time of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is one of the key factors for success of all ART procedures. Aim To assess, if 3D and 3D power Doppler assessment of endometrial receptivity before giving hCG, helps improving pregnancy rates in superovulation with IUI cycles. Settings and Design A prospective randomized study of 2500 cycles of IUI was done over a period of twelve months for pre-hCG endometrial assessment. Method Endometrial assessment was done on Voluson 730 Expert, (Wipro GE) using transvaginal multifrequency volume probe 5 to 9 MHz. When follicles and endometrium were considered mature by 2D US and color Doppler, 3D and 3D power Doppler assessment of the endometrium was done before giving hCG. These values were evaluated for conception and nonconception groups. Results Conception rates were higher, when endometrial volume was between 3 and 7 cc. In our study, we have found endometrial FI > 20 and endometrial VFI > 40 as most optimum. Conclusions 3D ultrasound is accurate for volume assessment of endometrium. 3D and 3D PD, when used with 2D US and color Doppler for pre-hCG endometrial assessment, it would definitely improve implantation rates in IUI cycles.

scholarly journals HDlive in the Assessment of Fetal Intracranial, Intrathoracic and Intra-abdominal Anomalies

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Hata
Keyword(s):  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cystic Lesions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Fetal Anomalies ◽  
Inversion Mode ◽  
Innovative Tool

ABSTRACT We present a series of images of different fetal intracranial, intrathoracic and intra-abdominal anomalies reconstructed using HDlive. It is a novel three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound modality that can provide the operator with naturally realistic features of any fetal anomalies. HDlive and its inversion mode are applied in several cases and two-dimensional (2D) sonographic images of different anomalies are also presented clearly to compare the advantages of HDlive in this article. This review focuses on the role of HDlive in the presence of such anomalies. HDlive should be a very useful aid in adjunct to other ultrasound modalities, specifically in cases that warrant detailed information. It can also be useful for the antenatal surveillance of anomalies, such as cystic lesions that may progress to complications. This innovative tool offers many promising advantages in clinical practice and future research on fetal anomalies. How to cite this article Cajusay-Velasco S, Hata T. HDlive in the Assessment of Fetal Intracranial, Intrathoracic and Intraabdominal Anomalies. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(4):362-375.

scholarly journals What is the Role of Three-dimensional Ultrasound in Reproductive Medicine?

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
Po Mui Lam ◽  
Christopher Haines
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Medicine ◽  
Doppler Sonography ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Uterine Anomalies ◽  
3D Color Doppler

Abstract This article reviews the merits of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound and thereby establishes its clinical and research role in reproductive medicine. Its main clinical applications include the assessment for uterine anomalies and intrauterine pathology, especially, if combined with the procedure of saline infusion into the uterine cavity. Moreover, 3D color Doppler sonography is an exciting research tool for the evaluation of endometrial receptivity, ovarian reserve, and polycystic ovaries.

scholarly journals Follicular Monitoring

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-312
Author(s):  
CB Nagori
Keyword(s):  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Endometrial Receptivity ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
3D Power Doppler ◽  
2D Ultrasound ◽  
Follicular Vascularity

ABSTRACT Assessment of the follicular maturity and endometrial receptivity and the time of hCG is one of the key factors for success of all ART procedures. Maturation of the follicle and the endometrium, ovulation and leutinization is a process of multiple biochemical, morphological and vascular changes. The vascular changes are reflection of the biochemical changes and can be studied by color Doppler. 3D ultrasound gives a better assessment of the follicular and endometrial size, that is the anatomical maturity, than 2D ultrasound and 3D power Doppler gives not only qualitative but also quantitative idea of global vascularity, that is the reflection of functional/physiological maturity. Follicular vascularity distribution and flow indices can be better parameters of follicular quality and can be more reliable parameters to decide the time of hCG and IUI. Endometrial assessment can be more meaningful if its morphology is studied more in detail along with abundance of its vascularity as well as flow indices. Thus, deciding correct time of hCG can improve conception rates in ART cycles. How to cite this article Panchal S, Nagori CB. Follicular Monitoring. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012; 6(3):300-312.

scholarly journals Role of the State-of-the-Art Three-dimensional Ultrasound in the Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Ovarian Masses

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-461
Author(s):  
Francisco Raga ◽  
Oscar Caballero ◽  
Francisco Bonilla ◽  
Fernando Bonilla-Musoles ◽  
Juan Carlos Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Architecture ◽  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
3D Reconstructions ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Ovarian Masses

ABSTRACT Modern three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound tools, HDlive and radiance system architecture or silhouette offer unique ways for assessing women with ovarian masses; providing realistic 3D reconstructions of the ovarian tumors, together with essential information to facilitate the differentiation between benignity and malignancy of ovarian masses. How to cite this article Bonilla F Jr, Raga F, Caballero O, Castillo JC, Machado LE, Bonilla-Musoles F. Role of the Stateof- the-Art Three-dimensional Ultrasound in the Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Ovarian Masses. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(4):446-461.

Asiana Airlines Flight 214

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Chow ◽  
Stephen Yortsos ◽  
Najmedin Meshkati
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Flight Crew ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Engineering Designs ◽  
Flight Deck

This article focuses on a major human factors–related issue that includes the undeniable role of cultural factors and cockpit automation and their serious impact on flight crew performance, communication, and aviation safety. The report concentrates on the flight crew performance of the Boeing 777–Asiana Airlines Flight 214 accident, by exploring issues concerning mode confusion and autothrottle systems. It also further reviews the vital role of cultural factors in aviation safety and provides a brief overview of past, related accidents. Automation progressions have been created in an attempt to design an error-free flight deck. However, to do that, the pilot must still thoroughly understand every component of the flight deck – most importantly, the automation. Otherwise, if pilots are not completely competent in terms of their automation, the slightest errors can lead to fatal accidents. As seen in the case of Asiana Flight 214, even though engineering designs and pilot training have greatly evolved over the years, there are many cultural, design, and communication factors that affect pilot performance. It is concluded that aviation systems designers, in cooperation with pilots and regulatory bodies, should lead the strategic effort of systematically addressing the serious issues of cockpit automation, human factors, and cultural issues, including their interactions, which will certainly lead to better solutions for safer flights.

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