Effects of Toothbrush Hardness on in vitro Wear and Roughness of Composite Resins

ABSTRACT Aim To investigate and compare the effects of toothbrushes with different hardness on abrasion and surface roughness of composite resins. Materials and methods Toothbrushes (DENT. EX Slimhead II 33, Lion Dental Products Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) marked as soft, medium and hard, were used to brush 10 beam-shaped specimens of each of three composites resins (Venus [VEN], Venus Diamond [VED] and Venus Pearl [VEP]; HeraeusKulzer) with standardized calcium carbonate slurry in a multistation testing machine (2N load, 60 Hz). After each of five cycles with 10k brushing strokes the wear depth and surface roughness of the specimens were determined. After completion of 50k strokes representative samples were inspected by SEM. Data were treated with ANOVA and regression analyses (p < 0.05). Results Abrasion of the composite resins increased linearly with increasing number of brushing cycles (r2 > 0.9). Highest wear was recorded for VEN, lowest for VED. Hard brushes produced significantly higher wear on VEN and VEP, whereas no difference in wear by toothbrush type was detected for VED. Significantly highest surface roughness was found on VED specimens (Ra > 1.5 μm), the lowest one on VEN (Ra < 0.3 μm). VEN specimens showed increased numbers of pinhole defects when brushed with hard toothbrushes, surfaces of VEP were uniformly abraded without level differences between the prepolymerized fillers and the glass filler-loaded matrix, VED showed large glass fillers protruding over the main filler-loaded matrix portion under each condition. Conclusion Abrasion and surface roughness of composite resins produced by toothbrushing with dentifrice depend mainly on the type of restorative resin. Hardness grades of toothbrushes have minor effects only on abrasion and surface roughness of composite resins. No relationship was found between abrasion and surface roughness. Clinical significance The grade of the toothbrush used has minor effect on wear, texture and roughness of the composite resin. How to cite this article Kyoizumi H, Yamada J, Suzuki T, Kanehira M, Finger WJ, Sasaki K. Effects of Toothbrush Hardness on in vitro Wear and Roughness of Composite Resins. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1137-1144.

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In Vitro Impact of a Glaze/ Composite Resin Sealant on the Surface Roughness and Bacterial Adhesion of One Microhybrid and Three Nanofilled Composite Resins

The American Journal of Esthetic Dentistry ◽

10.11607/ajed.0060 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 130-144

Author(s):

Salah Hasab Mahmoud ◽

Naglaa Rezk El-Kholany ◽

Mohammed EL-Awady Grawish ◽

Salwa Abd El-Raof El- Negoly

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Bacterial Adhesion ◽

Composite Resin ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Resin Sealant

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Evaluation of shear bond strength of amalgam restorations repaired with composite resin by different surface treatments

International Dental Research ◽

10.5577/intdentres.2019.vol9.no3.3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 105-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Suzan Cangül ◽

Özkan Adıgüzel ◽

Begüm Erpaçal ◽

Mehmet Ünal ◽

Musa Acartürk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Composite Resin ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Surface Treatments ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Diamond Bur ◽

Acid Etch ◽

Amalgam Restorations

Aim: Repairing amalgam restorations with composite resins is a clinical practice with many advantages. An effective adhesion is achieved between amalgam and composite by applied different surface treatment on amalgam surface. In this study, the effect of adhesive systems applied on amalgam surface on composite-amalgam connection was investigated. Methodology: Standard cavities were opened in 70 acrylic molds that had completed their polymerization and amalgams were placed in these cavities. Seven groups were randomly assigned to different surface treatments on amalgam. In group 1 only roughening with diamond bur , in group 2 acid etch, in group 3 acid application after roughening with diamond bur, in group 4 roughening with diamond bur and silane, in group 5 acid etch and silane, in group 6 roughening with diamond bur and Alloy Primer and finally 7. acid etch and Alloy Primer was applied in the samples. After the application of clearfil universal bond to all groups, composite resins were placed and polymerized. Shear bond strengths were tested with a Universal testing machine. Obtained data were evaluated by one way ANOVA and Tukey B tests. Results: In the statistical evaluation of the groups, the highest shear bond strength between amalgam-composite was seen in the 3rd group where both roughening with diamond bur and acid were applied together, and the lowest shear bond strength was seen in the first group with only roughening with diamond bur. The differences between the groups were statistically significant (p <0.05). Conclusion: The roughening of the amalgam surface affects the shear bond strength between amalgam and composite resin. These results obtained in vitro conditions should be supported with clinical studies. How to cite this article: Cangül S, Adıgüzel Ö, Erpaçal B, Ünal M, Acartürk M, Satıcı Ö. Evaluation of shear bond strength of amalgam restorations repaired with composite resin by different surface treatments. Int Dent Res 2019;9(3):105-10. Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

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Effect of bleaching protocols on surface roughness and color change of high- and low-viscosity bulk-fill composite resins.

Acta Odontológica Latinoamericana ◽

10.54589/aol.33/2/059 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 59-68

Author(s):

Bruna Tavares ◽

Fabiana França ◽

Roberta Basting ◽

Basting Turssi ◽

Turssi Amaral

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Composite Resin ◽

Color Change ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

High Viscosity ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Water Control ◽

Low Viscosity

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of bleaching protocols on the surface roughness (Ra), color change and surface micromorphology of a low-viscosity bulk-fill composite (Filtek Bulk Fill Flow, 3M ESPE), a highviscosity bulk-fill composite (Filtek Bulk Fill, 3M ESPE) and a conventional nanoparticulate composite resin (control) (Filtek Z350 XT, 3M ESPE). Forty samples of each composite (disks 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick) were randomly divided into four groups (n=10), according to bleaching protocol: a) 10% carbamide peroxide gel (Opalescence, Ultradent Products) (2 h/ day, for 14 days); b) 40% hydrogen peroxide gel (Opalescence Boost, Ultradent Products) (three bleaching sessions, once a week, 45 min/session); c) whitening rinse (Listerine Whitening Extreme, Johnson & Johnson) (2 min/day, for 14 days); and d) distilled water (control). The samples were submitted to triplicate readings (Ra and color [CIELAB parameters]) before and after contact with bleaching protocols. Micromorphology was analyzed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Ra and color parameters (ΔL, Δa, Δb and ΔE) were analyzed by generalized linear models (α=0.05). The Ra of the high-viscosity bulk-fill was significantly higher than that of the other composites (p<0.05). Ra increased significantly (p<0.05) and surface became more irregular (SEM analysis) in all the composite resins, regardless of the bleaching protocol (p<0.05). The high-viscosity bulk-fill composite resin group had significantly lower ΔE (p<0.05) than the nanoparticulate composite resin group immersed in distilled water. It was concluded that the characteristics of each resin significantly influenced the Ra more than the bleaching protocol. The high-viscosity bulk-fill resin presented minor color change.

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Qualitative Assessment of Wear Resistance and Surface Hardness of Different Commercially Available Dental Porcelain: An in vitro Study

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1925 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 755-761 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abhishek Nagpal ◽

Gaurav Issar

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Wear Resistance ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Qualitative Assessment ◽

Wear Testing ◽

Wear Depth ◽

Ceramic Specimen ◽

Dental Porcelain

ABSTRACT Introduction In an attempt to minimize wear damage to the enamel of antagonist teeth, new low and medium fusing ceramic materials have been developed. Manufacturers usually claim that these ceramics are wear-friendly because of their lower hardness, lower concentrations of crystal phase, and smaller crystal sizes. This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the wear strength of various commercially available dental porcelain with tooth enamel as well as the surface hardness of these dental porcelain. Materials and methods The basic model was designed as a pin on plate arrangement. The tooth specimens were mounted on the stylus which was centered on the ceramic specimen in a wear testing machine. The dental ceramic specimen was centered in the metal die. A load of 40 N was applied at a rate of 80 cycles/minute for 15 minutes. In the current study, mean wear depth (Ra) value, volumetric loss, and surface hardness were obtained by standard quantification method and were statistically evaluated. Results Ceramco-3 was reported to be most abrasive for enamel; however, Duceram love significantly more abraded itself than the other two, Ceramco-3 and Vita Alpha, and generated the lowest loss of enamel. Also, same abrasive type of wear was revealed for all three variants of tested ceramics. Conclusion Ceramco-3 was the most abrasive for enamel, while surface roughness (mean wear depth) of Duceram love was maximum and for Ceramco-3 it was minimum. The value of surface roughness for Vita Alpha was in between Duceram love and Ceramco-3. Nonetheless, the mean surface hardness of Duceram love was found to be least and maximum for Vita Alpha. Clinical significance In situations of dental wear and wasting tooth disease (Attrition/Abrasion), Duceram can be applied in lieu of Ceramco-3 so as to prevent worsening of existing dentition. However, in younger patients Vita Alpha would offer maximum durability due to its greater surface hardness. How to cite this article Singh A, Nagpal A, Pawah S, Pathak C, Issar G, Sharma P. Qualitative Assessment of Wear Resistance and Surface Hardness of Different Commercially Available Dental Porcelain: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016; 17(9):755-761.

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Effect of pH Cycling Followed by Simulated Toothbrushing on the Surface Roughness and Bacterial Adhesion of Bulk-fill Composite Resins

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/19-012-l ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 209-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

DC Somacal ◽

FB Manfroi ◽

MSG Monteiro ◽

SD Oliveira ◽

HR Bittencourt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Bacterial Adhesion ◽

Composite Resin ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Sem Images ◽

Effect Of Ph ◽

Group 4 ◽

Ph Cycling ◽

Group 2

SUMMARY The aim was to evaluate, in vitro, quantitatively and qualitatively, the effect of pH cycling and simulated toothbrushing on surface roughness (Ra) and bacterial adhesion (Cn) of bulk-fill composite resins. Thirty specimens of each composite resin, 5 mm wide and 4 mm high, were obtained: group 1 (control): Filtek Z250 (Z250); group 2: Filtek Bulk-Fill (FTK); group 3: Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill (TTC); and group 4: Aura Bulk-Fill (AUR). After 24 hours, the specimens were polished and then alternated with demineralization/remineralization solutions for 15 cycles of 24 hours each at 37°C. Then the specimens were submitted to simulated toothbrushing. The Ra and Cn measurements were quantitatively analyzed in three stages: after polishing (Ra0 and Cn0), after pH cycling (Ra1 and Cn1), and after simulated toothbrushing (Ra2 and Cn2). The Ra values were submitted to two-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey test (α=0.05). The Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by multiple comparisons, was applied for Cn analysis. Surface topography and bacterial adhesion were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Z250, FTK, and TTC showed no significant change in Ra regardless of the treatment performed; AUR obtained increased Ra at Ra2 (p<0.05). FTK differed from the others at Cn0 and Cn1 (p<0.05). At Cn2, there was no difference among the composite resins. SEM images showed the exposure of fillers and microcavities at Ra1 and Ra2. There was greater bacterial adhesion at Cn1 for Z250 and FTK. It was concluded that the pH cycling caused surface degradation of all composite resins, which was potentiated by simulated toothbrushing. However, only AUR presented an increased Ra. Bacterial adhesion occurred on all composite resins after pH cycling; however, after simulated toothbrushing, adhesion of dispersed bacteria was similar for all the composite resin groups.

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Compressive strength differences between hybrid composites using post curing light box with LED and dry heating, in vitro

Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.24198/pjd.vol23no3.14037 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Jenny Krisnawaty ◽

Setiawan Natasasmita ◽

Dudi Aripin

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Composite Resin ◽

Hybrid Composites ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Dry Heat ◽

Hybrid Type ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dry Heating

A hybrid type of composite resins is used as dental restorative materials in a wide cavity directly or indirectly. The mechanical properties of the composite resin would increase post-curing. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences between the compressive strength of hybrid type composite resin post-curing using LED light box and dry heating. This type of research was a quasi-experimental in vitro with the sample size of 30 samples which were divided into two groups. Each sample was tested using a Universal Testing Machine (Lloyd) at a speed of 1 mm/minute to test the compressive strength. Compressive strength values were recorded when the sample broke. The average value of compressive strength of the two treatment groups was statistically calculated using t-test. The results, of this study, showed that a hybrid composite resin with post curing using a light box with LED was at 194.138 Mpa which was lower than using the dry heat of 227.339 Mpa. It showed the statistically significant difference. The conclusion of this study was that the compressive strength of post-cured hybrid composites using a light box with LED was significantly lower than the post-curing using dry heat.

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Interfacial Fracture Toughness Comparison of Three Indirect Resin Composites to Dentin and Polyether Ether Ketone Polymer

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1713309 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (03) ◽

pp. 456-461

Author(s):

Rayhaneh Khalesi ◽

Mahdi Abbasi ◽

Zahra Shahidi ◽

Masoumeh Hasani Tabatabaei ◽

Zohreh Moradi

Keyword(s):

Fracture Toughness ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Composite Resins ◽

High Wear Resistance ◽

Luting Cements ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Polyether Ether Ketone ◽

Ether Ketone

Abstract Objectives Advances in laboratory composites and their high wear resistance and fracture toughness have resulted in their growing popularity and increasing use for dental restorations. This study sought to assess the fracture toughness of three indirect composites bonded to dental substrate and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) polymer. Materials and Methods This in vitro study was conducted on two groups of dental and polymer substrates. Each substrate was bonded to three indirect composite resins. Sixty blocks (3 × 3 × 12 mm) were made of sound bovine anterior teeth and PEEK polymer. Sixty blocks (3 × 3 × 12 mm) were fabricated of CRIOS (Coltene, Germany), high impact polymer composite (HIPC; Bredent, Germany), and GRADIA (Indirect; GC, Japan) composite resins. Composites were bonded to dentin using Panavia F 2.0 (Kuraray, Japan). For bonding to PEEK, Combo.lign (Bredent) and Visio.Link (Bredent) luting cements were used. In all samples, a single-edge notch was created by a no. 11 surgical blade at the interface. The samples were subjected to 3,500 thermal cycles, and their fracture toughness was measured in a universal testing machine (Zwick/Roell, Germany) by application of four-point flexural load. Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis. Results The fracture toughness of CRIOS–PEEK interface was significantly higher than HIPC–PEEK. The fracture toughness of GRADIA–PEEK was not significantly different from that of HIPC and CRIOS. The fracture toughness of GRADIA–dentin was significantly higher than HIPC–dentin. Conclusion Considering the limitations of this study, GRADIA has the highest bond strength to dentin, while CRIOS shows the highest bond strength to PEEK.

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Abrasion resistance of composites polymerized by light-emitting diodes (LED) and halogen light-curing units

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402006000100007 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 29-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Janisse Martinelli ◽

Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri Pires-de-Souza ◽

Luciana Assirati Casemiro ◽

Camila Tirapelli ◽

Heitor Panzer

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Mass Loss ◽

Abrasion Resistance ◽

Composite Resin ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Halogen Lamp ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Halogen Light ◽

Light Curing ◽

Toothbrush Abrasion

This study compared the abrasion resistance of direct composite resins cured by light-emitting diodes (LED) and halogen light-curing units. Twenty specimens (12 mm in diameter; 1.0 mm thick) of each composite resin [TPH (Dentsply); Definite (Degussa); Charisma (Heraus Kulzer)] were prepared using a polytetrafluoroethylene matrix. Ten specimens per material were cured with the LED source and 10 with the halogen lamp for 40 s. The resin discs were polished, submitted to initial surface roughness reading (Ra initial - mum) in a roughness tester and stored in water at 37°C for 15 days. The specimens were weighed (M1) and submitted to simulated toothbrushing using slurry of water and dentifrice with high abrasiveness. After 100 minutes in the toothbrushing simulator, the specimens were cleaned, submitted to a new surface roughness reading (Ra final - mum) and reweighed (M2). Mass loss was determined as the difference between M1 and M2. Data were recorded and analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA and Tukey Test at 5% significance level. The composite resin with greater size of inorganic fillers (TPH) showed the lowest mass loss and surface roughness means, indicating a higher resistance to toothbrush abrasion (p<0.05). Definite cured with LED presented the least resistance to toothbrush abrasion, showing the highest means of surface roughness and mass loss (p<0.05). The LED source did not show the same effectiveness as the halogen lamp for polymerizing this specific composite resin. When the composite resins were cured a halogen LCU, no statistically significant difference was observed among the materials (p>0.05). It may be concluded that the type of light-curing unit and the resin composition seemed to interfere with the materials' resistance to abrasion.

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Effect of different finishing and polishing techniques on the surface roughness of microfilled, hybrid and packable composite resins

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402005000100007 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 39-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Silvia Helena Barbosa ◽

Régia Luzia Zanata ◽

Maria Fidela de Lima Navarro ◽

Osvaldo Benoni Nunes

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Aluminum Oxide ◽

Hybrid Composite ◽

Composite Resin ◽

Complete Sequence ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Average Surface Roughness ◽

Surface Smoothness ◽

Average Surface ◽

System Data

This study examined the average surface roughness (Ra, µm) of 2 microfilled (Durafill and Perfection), 1 hybrid (Filtek Z250) and 2 packable composite resins (Surefil and Fill Magic), before (baseline) and after eight different finishing and polishing treatments. The surface roughness was assessed using a profilometer. Ten specimens of each composite resin were randomly subjected to one of the following finishing/polishing techniques: A - carbide burs; B - fine/extrafine diamond burs; C - Sof-Lex aluminum oxide discs; D - Super-Snap aluminum oxide discs; E - rubber polishing points + fine/extrafine polishing pastes; F - diamond burs + rubber polishing points + fine/extrafine polishing pastes; G - diamond burs + Sof-Lex system; H - diamond burs + Super-Snap system. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test. Significant differences (p<0.05) were detected among both the resins and the finishing/polishing techniques. For all resins, the use of diamond burs resulted in the greatest surface roughness (Ra: 0.69 to 1.44 µm). The lowest Ra means were obtained for the specimens treated with Sof-Lex discs (Ra: 0.11 to 0.25 µm). The Ra values of Durafill were lower than those of Perfection and Filtek Z250, and these in turn had lower Ra than the packable composite resins. Overall, the smoothest surfaces were obtained with the use the complete sequence of Sof-Lex discs. In areas that could not be reached by the aluminum oxide discs, the carbide burs and the association between rubber points and polishing pastes produced satisfactory surface smoothness for the packable and hybrid composite resins, respectively.

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