scholarly journals A Solitary Phlebolith in the Buccal Mucosa: Report of a Rare Entity and Clinicopathologic Correlation

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 706-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nagaraja ◽  
N Govindraj Kumar ◽  
B Jambukeshwar Kumar ◽  
Raghavendra M Naik ◽  
Y Jyoti Sangineedi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Vascular Lesion ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Clinicopathologic Correlation

ABSTRACT Pathological conditions can give rise to calcifications within oral mucosa representing either a local or systemic disturbance. Inflammation, trauma, debris acting as nidus and vascular lesions have been attributed as principal causes for occurrence of calcifications within the oral mucosa. Occurrence of multiple calcified thrombi (phleboliths) is considered pathognomonic for hemangiomas and vascular malformations in the oral and maxillofacial region. Isolated occurrence of phlebolith in oral mucosa though very rare, especially without any underlying vascular lesions, can be diagnostically challenging. Either a traumatic association at that site or a hemangioma of childhood that has regressed once the individual became an adult are the possible explanations suggested for the occurrence of these unique solitary phleboliths. Histologically, an “onion-ring”-like concentric lamellar fibrosis around a central core with varying amounts of calcifications and presence of minute vascular channels within or around calcified lamellae is characteristic for phlebolith. There is a high propensity for misdiagnosing solitary phlebolith located in sites like the buccal mucosa where various other pathologic soft-tissue calcifications, such as sialoliths, calcified lymph nodes, traumatic myositis ossificans, etc. can occur and they too appear radiopaque in radiographs. Besides, the absence of any associated underlying vascular lesion adds to the misperception. In such cases, histopathological examination with routine hematoxylin and eosin staining alone may not be sufficient to determine the accurate diagnosis. Allied clinical history and immunohistochemistry can aid to arrive at the final diagnosis. We report such a case of nonvascular lesion-associated solitary phlebolith in the right buccal mucosa of a healthy 49-year-old male patient and discuss its differential diagnosis with emphasis on histological presentation. How to cite this article Nagaraja A, Kumar NG, Kumar BJ, Naik RM, Sangineedi YJ. A Solitary Phlebolith in the Buccal Mucosa: Report of a Rare Entity and Clinicopathologic Correlation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):706-710.

scholarly journals Brooke-Spiegler Syndrome: A Rare Entity

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Monika Rathi ◽  
Seema Awasthi ◽  
Satish Kumar Budania ◽  
Faiyaz Ahmad ◽  
Shyamoli Dutta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Adnexal Tumors

Brooke-Spiegler syndrome is a rare entity. It is an autosomal dominant syndrome in which multiple trichoepitheliomas, cylindromas, or other adnexal tumors are seen. Very few cases of Brooke-Spiegler syndrome are reported in the literature. We came across a 40 -year-old female in which multiple trichoepitheliomas and cylindromas were seen on scalp. In view of clinical history and histopathological examination it was diagnosed as Brooke-Spiegler syndrome. We report this case because of its rarity.

scholarly journals An Isolated Phlebolith on the Lip: An Unusual Case and Review of the Literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela de Morais Gouvêa Lima ◽  
Renata Mendonça Moraes ◽  
Ana Sueli Rodrigues Cavalcante ◽  
Yasmin Rodarte Carvalho ◽  
Ana Lia Anbinder
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Masticatory Muscles ◽  
Vascular Lesion ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Histological Characteristics

Background. Calcified thrombi are a common finding, especially in the pelvic veins. There are generally multiple thrombi, and they are generally associated with vascular malformations.Design. Herein we report a rare case of a single labial phlebolith, not associated with any other vascular lesion. We aim to alert clinicians to the possibility of the occurrence of vascular thrombi in the mouth and to describe the clinical and histological characteristics of such lesions in order to simplify the diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, we have reviewed the English-language literature published since 1970 reporting oral (including masticatory muscles) phleboliths.Results. Twenty-nine cases of phleboliths have been reported in the literature since 1970. Only three of the reported phleboliths were solitary and not associated with other vascular lesions, as in the case presented here.Conclusion. Although phleboliths not associated with other vascular lesions are not common, clinicians should be aware of the existence of this pathology and include it as differential diagnosis of oral lesions.

scholarly journals Pure mucinous (colloid) carcinoma of gall bladder: a rare entity

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2858
Author(s):  
Gireesha Rawal ◽  
Charanjeet Ahluwalia ◽  
Amit Kumar Yadav ◽  
Indrani Dhawan
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Mucinous Carcinoma ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Tumour Volume ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Hypochondriac Region ◽  
Cut Surface

In the biliary tract, ‘mucinous’ carcinomas in which extracellular mucin constitutes more than 50% of the tumour volume, are very rare. Those tumours in which the mucinous pattern comprises of at least 90% of the tumour are called ‘pure mucinous’ carcinomas and are exceedingly rare in the gallbladder. We describe the case of a 55 years old female, who presented with the complaints of jaundice and dull aching pain in right hypochondriac region. USG abdomen was suggestive of carcinoma along with cholelithiasis, following which cholecystectomy was performed. Grossly, a large grey-white tumour was identified whose cut surface was variegated. Sections showed a tumour which was entirely composed of pools of extracellular mucin, in which clusters of tumour cells were floating. Based on morphology and immunohistochemistry, a final diagnosis of ‘pure mucinous (colloid) adenocarcinoma’ of the gallbladder was given. This case is described owing to the rarity of this neoplasm. The clinical features, natural history and prognosis of mucinous carcinoma of GB are not very well known, due to their extreme rarity. These have been discussed in this case report. Histopathological examination is vital for a decisive diagnosis of such cases. 

scholarly journals Accidental Closantel Poisoning in Sheep in the State of Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Blanco Pohl ◽  
Marina Paula Lorenzett ◽  
Bianca Santana de Cecco ◽  
Luan Cleber Henker ◽  
Welden Panziera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Photoreceptor Layer

Background: Verminosis is one of the major health problems in sheep flocks, and is one of the main causes of death in sheep worldwide. Closantel is an antiparasitic drug commonly used in sheep; however, its safety margin is narrow, and this drug may induce intoxication in animals submitted to high doses. Lesions occur mainly in the eyes, and are characterized by edema and compression of the optic nerve, retinopathy, and severe degeneration of ganglia cells. Clinical signs are pupil dilation, which often lead to permanent blindness. This work aims to report an outbreak of sheep mortality due to closantel intoxication, associated with inadequate anthelmintic administration practices.Case: An on-site visit was conducted to a sheep farm, located in the municipality of Osório, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), in which high mortality was reported. The flock consisted of approximately 300 Texel sheep, managed in an extensive grazing system. Lambs and adult animals were affected. According to the information provided by the farm owner, many animals presented clinical signs of haemonchosis, and a closantel dose of 20 mg / lamb was administered in all sheep, regardless of body weight. Lambs weighted on average 13 kg. After closantel administration, several sheep presented neurologic signs and died.  At the clinical examination, sheep presented pallor of ocular mucous membranes, as well as submandibular edema.  Also, 20 lambs showed signs of blindness, disorientation and bumping into objects, as well as hypothermia and lack of response to the menace reflex. Three 30 to 45-day-old male lambs that died spontaneously were submitted for necropsy. Grossly, only mild ascites was noted. Histopathological examination of the retina showed degeneration and fragmentation of photoreceptor layer as well as depletion of the inner nuclear layer, associated with pyknosis and karyorrhexis. There was also a reduction in the number of ganglia cells in the ganglion cell layer and atrophy and vacuolization in the outer plexiform layer. In the optic nerve, multifocal mild to moderate vacuolization was observed.  Diffuse perineural and perivascular edema were observed in the brain, predominantly in the grey matter. In the encephalon of one of the lambs, multifocal vacuolization was observed, which was also evidenced at the junction of the white and gray matter of the telencephalon, and in the white matter of the cerebellum. In the trigeminal ganglia, moderate multifocal vacuolization was noted in the perikaryon of neurons. Furthermore, the spinal cord had moderate multifocal vacuolization at the junction of white and gray matter.Discussion: The diagnosis of closantel intoxication in sheep was based on the clinical history and histopathological findings. The association of these data is crucial to suspect and confirm the diagnosis of this type of intoxication. Closantel is an anthelmintic drug widely used in sheep, and in correct doses may be very effective, but when used in doses higher than recommended may lead to irreversible lesions.  The optical damage is derived from edema which leads to degeneration of ganglia cells and injury to the optic nerve. Another proposed mechanism is related to optic nerve compression causing rupture and edema of retinal structures. Lesions tend to be dose related, and poisoning usually occurs when treating groups of animals based on the weight of the heaviest animal. Clinical signs of blindness and pupil dilatation are usually seen. There is no effective treatment for reversion of this condition; therefore, prevention based on correct calculation of anthelmintic dose is pivotal. The epidemiological examination, clinical signs and anatomopathological examination were extremely important to make the final diagnosis of this intoxication. 

scholarly journals Incidentally Diagnosed Multiple Vascular Lesions of the Spleen: Littoral Cell Angioma or Hemangioma?

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emrah Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Cavernous Hemangioma ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Recurrent Abdominal Pain ◽  
Vascular Lesion ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Littoral Cell ◽  
Littoral Cell Angioma ◽  
Management Issues

Vascular lesions of the solid abdominal viscera may pose diagnostic and management issues. A 16-year old girl admitted to emergency department due to recurrent abdominal pain and diagnosed to have multiple vascular malformations of the spleen on imaging investigations. Littoral cell angioma was preoperative suspicion owing to no response of the vascular lesion to the propranolol. It turned out to be cavernous hemangioma on histopathology.

scholarly journals Imaging Spectrum of Hemangioma and Vascular Malformations of the Head and Neck in Children and Adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatraman Bhat ◽  
Paul C Salins ◽  
Varun Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Vascular Lesion ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Vascular Tumors

Vascular lesions of the head and neck region in children constitute an interesting group of lesions that benefit immensely from imaging techniques. Imaging is essential for identification, characterization, and delineation of the extent of lesion and subsequent follow-up. Infantile hemangiomas, which are vascular tumors with a specific evolution pattern, constitute a large majority of these lesions. On the other hand, there are vascular malformations, which are anomalies of the vascular system, consisting of a range of vascular tissues associated with various flow patterns. When diagnosis is clinically evident, imaging should utilize non-radiation techniques and address the issues necessary for management. Timing and interpretation of imaging methods employed in assessing childhood vascular lesion should also take into consideration the natural history so that imaging is performed to address a specific question. This review highlights the typical appearance of a hemangioma and a group of vascular malformations of the head and neck. For descriptive purpose, an attempt has been made to group lesions into specific subsites, with each one having specific clinical significance. Cases included illustrate the spectrum of the disease ranging from classical form in young children to slightly differing manifestations of the disease in adolescents and adults. The illustrations also provide a novel way of presenting image data using volume-rendering techniques of 3D data. Multi-modality team interaction and management strategies of these complex lesions are also emphasized.

scholarly journals Spindle Cell Lipoma Occurring in the Buccal Mucosa: An Unusual Location of This Benign Lipomatous Neoplasm

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noala Vicensoto Moreira Milhan ◽  
Ana Sueli Rodrigues Cavalcante ◽  
Yonara Maria Freire Soares Marques ◽  
Yasmin Rodarte Carvalho ◽  
Ana Lia Anbinder
Keyword(s):  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Spindle Cell Lipoma ◽  
Mature Adipose Tissue ◽  
Spindle Cells ◽  
History Of

Spindle cell lipoma is a benign lipomatous neoplasm, which rarely occurs in the oral cavity. The aims of this paper are to report a case of spindle cell lipoma located in buccal mucosa and discuss the main clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical findings of this entity. Thus, we report a 4-year history of an asymptomatic smooth surface nodule in an elderly Caucasian man with clinical hypothesis of fibroma. The histopathological examination showed spindle cells, mature adipose tissue, and many mast cells in a stroma of connective tissue presenting ropey collagen fibers bundles. After immunohistochemical analysis, the final diagnosis was spindle cell lipoma.

scholarly journals Melanotic Macule in Conjunction with a Giant Cell Fibroma

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 981-985
Author(s):  
Samantha D Seitz ◽  
Thanhphuong N Dinh ◽  
Thomas YH Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Pyogenic Granuloma ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Pigmented Lesions ◽  
Melanocytic Lesions ◽  
Histologic Evaluation

ABSTRACT Introduction The aim of this study is to describe a case of a melanotic macule found in conjunction with a giant cell fibroma (GCF). For oral pigmented lesions without an identifiable etiologic factor, critical factors in determining the differential diagnosis are clinical history, symmetry, and uniformity of the lesions. Potential differential diagnosis includes racial pigmentation, endocrine disturbance, Peutz–Jeghers syndrome, trauma, hemochromatosis, oral malignant melanoma, or idiopathic etiology and melanotic macules. Melanotic macules are the most common solitary pigmented melanocytic lesions in the oral mucosa, corresponding to 86.1% of melanocytic lesions of the mouth. Giant cell fibromas are reactive connective tissue lesions in the oral cavity. They were first described as a distinct entity in 1974 by Weathers and Callihan and make up around 5 to 10% of all oral mucosa fibrous lesions. They are commonly mistaken for other growths, such as pyogenic granuloma and fibroma, and diagnosis is accurately based on its distinctive histopathology. This article presents the clinicopathologic findings of a 15-year-old Hispanic male presenting for biopsy of a melanotic macule on the mandibular anterior buccal gingiva. Histologic evaluation of the specimen revealed that the lesion also contained a GCF. Pathologic lesions of the mouth should be carefully diagnosed. Conventionally, histologic evaluation is the gold standard to produce a final diagnosis. As evidenced in this article, multiple lesions may exist in a site and may be mistakenly diagnosed as a single entity. Clinical significance While each lesion has been reported individually, in reviewing the literature, no cases were reported in which both histopathologic findings of GCF and melanotic macule were present within the same lesion. How to cite this article Seitz SD, Dinh TN, Yoon TYH. Melanotic Macule in Conjunction with a Giant Cell Fibroma. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(10):981-985.

scholarly journals SCLEROTHERAPY USING POLIDOCANOL: A CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT OPTION FOR INTRA ORAL HAEMANGIOMA OF BUCCAL MUCOSA.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrey Srivastava ◽  
Venkatesh Hange ◽  
Shishir Mohan Devki ◽  
Hasti Kankariya
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Vascular Lesions

The word hemangioma comes from Greek word, ‘hema’ which translates blood, ‘angio’ means vessel, ‘oma’ refers to tumor.(1) The term hemangioma was first given by Sznejder et al in 1973 & was called “Haemorraghic Hemangioma.It was first described by Poncet and Dor in 1897 as Botryomycose humane.(2) Vascular lesions are classified either as hemangiomas or vascular malformations(1). Keywords: Sclerotherapy ;Hemangioma ;Polidocanol ;Vascular malformations.

scholarly journals Lobular Capillary Haemangioma of the Oral Cavity in a 11-Year-Old Child - A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (28) ◽  
pp. 2132-2134
Author(s):  
Meghana Vasant Phadnis
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Pyogenic Granuloma ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Capillary Haemangioma

Lobular capillary haemangiomas are benign vascular neoplasms that typically affect the skin or mucous membrane. Majority of the cases reporting lobular capillary haemangioma commonly involve the gingiva. There are rare cases presenting involvement of other parts of the oral cavity like buccal mucosa. The management of vascular lesions is more complex in children due to fear of uncontrollable bleeding. The case presented here reports a successful management of lobular capillary haemangioma of the buccal mucosa in an 11 - year - old child. Vascular lesions are one of the rare disorders affecting the overall quality of life of a child. American Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (AAPD) has presented numerous lesions, masses, or tumour-like conditions of hard and soft tissues within the oral and maxillofacial regions of children and young adults; most of these lesions being mucosal conditions. Oral vascular tumours encompass a wide spectrum of anomalies in children. In spite of the fact that a few cases are congenital, most of them arise during childhood.1 The vascular lesions of childhood are classified into two categories: haemangiomas (proliferating or involuting) and vascular malformations. Haemangioma is a term that envelops a heterogeneous gathering of clinical benign vascular lesions that share similar histologic features and presents as a proliferating mass of blood vessels. Haemangiomas are classified on the basis of their histological1 appearance as capillary, mixed or cavernous haemangiomas depending on the size of the vascular spaces or a sclerosing variety that tends to undergo fibrosis. Capillary haemangiomas are of two types; lobular capillary haemangioma and non-lobular capillary haemangioma depending on their histological features. Lobular capillary haemangioma (LCH) is a common reactive angiomatous proliferation of skin and mucous membranes.2,3 LCH (Mills et al. 1980 ) represents an essential, underlying lesion of pyogenic granuloma (PG).4,5 Based on the available literature and case reports, several clinical and histological differences were seen between PG and LCH, yet there is no clear distinction between the two and still remains a topic of debate. The peak prevalence of LCH is in paediatric population and young adults, with a female predilection. Although LCH is one of the most common soft tissue tumours of head and neck accounting for almost 6 % of all cases, there is a striking predilection for lesions on the gingiva. The occurrence of intraoral haemangiomas at sites such as lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, and palate are extremely rare. LCH is a tumour-like growth of the oral cavity or skin that is considered to be non-neoplastic in nature. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of lobular capillary haemangioma in a paediatric patient and describe the successful treatment of this case.

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