scholarly journals Assessment of Alteration in Capnometry Monitoring during Intravenous Sedation with Midazolam for Oral Surgical Procedures

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1025-1028
Author(s):  
Madhavi Singh ◽  
Kavitha G ◽  
Pallavi K Kakade ◽  
Mahesh Ahire ◽  
Melvin Augustine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Depression ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Intravenous Sedation ◽  
Oral Surgical Procedures ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Oral Surgical Procedure ◽  
End Tidal

ABSTRACT Introduction Capnography is routinely used for monitoring of patients subjected to sedation for different surgical procedures. There is still paucity of data highlighting the capnographic assessment of patients on midazolam sedation undergoing oral surgical procedures. Hence, we planned the present study to assess the alterations occurring in the end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) values monitored during intravenous (IV) sedation with midazolam during various oral surgical procedures. Materials and methods The present study included assessment of alteration in ETCO2 values occurring during oral surgical procedure. After meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 40 participants were included in the present study. Pulse oximeter with capnograph (EmcoMeditek Pvt., Ltd., India) device was used for assessment of respiratory rate (RR) and ETCO2 values. The mean of 12 readings over a period of 1 minute before the starting of first infusion was referred to as baseline time. By evaluating the first four readings at an interval of 15 seconds during the 1st minute of infusion, we obtained the 1 minute average reading. All the data were compiled and recorded and assessed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results A total of 40 participants were included, out of which, 20 were males and 20 were females. At the baseline time, mean value of ETCO2 was 31 mm Hg, while mean value of oxygen saturation (SpO2) was 36%. Out of total 40 participants, 15 showed the presence of respiratory depression. Out of these 15 participants, ETCO2 changes from baseline were observed in 13 participants. Conclusion No oxygen should be delivered, unless until required, to the healthy participants undergoing dental sedation procedures, for marinating the sensitivity of pulse oximetry during assessment of respiratory depression. Clinical significance In patients undergoing sedation procedures, various monitoring techniques should be employed as respiratory depression is a commonly encountered risk factor. How to cite this article G Kavitha, Kakade PK, Singh M, Ahire M, Augustine M, Jain KD. Assessment of Alteration in Capnometry Monitoring during Intravenous Sedation with Midazolam for Oral Surgical Procedures. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(11):1025-1028.

Hierarchy of the Sciences and Terminological Sharing of Laws among the Sciences

1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-746
Author(s):  
Jon E. Roeckelein
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mean

A variable called index of terminological sharing that measures the extent to which one science shares lawful concepts from another science was used to assess hypotheses concerning the concept of an hierarchy of sciences and psychology's terminological relationship with other sciences. (1) The values of the index will be relatively small for the natural sciences (physics, chemistry, biology) as compared to the relatively large values for the social sciences (anthropology, sociology), and (2) the index's value for psychology will be closer to the mean value of the social sciences than to that of the natural sciences. Analysis showed only a 17% agreement between the present data and the relative ordering of the sciences assumed by the hierarchy. Hypothesis 1 was confirmed, but not Hypothesis 2. Index values for psychology were closer to those of the natural sciences than to those of the social sciences. Psychology appears to have a relatively high terminological independence concerning citation of shared lawful concepts in textbooks as compared to other sciences, but also psychology shows a large and disproportionate use of eponyms in references to shared lawful concepts. It was suggested that new quantitative-comparative measures, in addition to the present index, be developed to understand further psychology's relationships with other sciences.

Abstract 19572: Elevated PETCO2 During Cardiac Resuscitation Without Return of Spontaneous Circulation

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Hypes ◽  
Dan Spaite ◽  
Tyler Vadeboncoeur ◽  
Ryan A Murphy ◽  
Chengcheng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Rhythm ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Cpr Quality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
End Tidal

Background: Quantitative End-Tidal CO2 (PETCO2) measurement during cardiac arrest is recommended for monitoring the CPR quality to detect ROSC. While low ETC02 can reflect suboptimal CPR quality and increases in ETC02 are often associated with ROSC the significance of high values of PETCO2 without ROSC remain unclear. Objectives: To describe the population of OHCA victims with high PETCO2 (>50 mm Hg) during ongoing resuscitation including demographics, rhythm characteristics, occurrence of ROSC, the later occurrence of field termination of resuscitation and the presumed etiology. Methods: An observational analysis of adult OHCAs with available PETCO2 data occurring between Oct 2010 and Nov 2014 at two sites involved in the Save Hearts in Arizona Registry and Education (SHARE) quality improvement program. CPR and PETCO2 data were recorded using ZOLL E and X Series EMS monitors. PETCO2 is reported as the mean value for each minute. The cardiac rhythm and the presence of ROSC were determined for each minute using EMS provider reports, vital signs, ECG, and accelerometer data. The first recorded minute of PETCO2 and minutes with ROSC were excluded. Results: Study population included 654 OHCAs with PETCO2 data, 96 cases (58% male, age median 65 (IQR 54-75)) with at least 1 min of high PETCO2 in the absence of ROSC were identified. Of these, 31 (32%) had ROSC at least once during their resuscitation. Cases were of presumed cardiac etiology in 81 (84%), while 12% and 4% had presumed respiratory and other etiologies, respectively. A total of 322 minutes of PETCO2 >50 mm Hg in the absence of ROSC were identified. The mean PETC02 value was 67 (IQR 54-75). Of these 296 minutes (92%) occurred during PEA. Despite high PETCO2, resuscitation was terminated in the field in 21 (22%) patients. Only one subject survived to hospital discharge. Conclusions: In this observational study, high PETCO2 was frequently found during resuscitation without ROSC and PEA was the most common cardiac rhythm. Further study is warranted to determine the significance and possible reasons for this finding.

Spatial and Temporal Changes of Nitrogen Balance and its Environmental Impact of Eastern Liao River29

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Juan Zhao ◽  
Jian Min Bian ◽  
Zhen Zhen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Changes ◽  
Animal Excreta ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Inputs And Outputs

The nitrogen (N) balance is studied the spatial and temporal changes of N inputs and outputs in eastern Liao River watershed. Using the social economic and the related hydrological data from 2001 to 2010, the N inputs are quantified from the aspects of fertilizer use, human and animal excreta, atmospheric deposition and biological nitrogen fixation, and the N outputs from the aspects of denitrification, ammonium volatilization, crop harvest. Results indicates that the mean annual N inputs vary from 185.01 ×106kga-1 to 200.68×106kga-1, with a mean value of 192.02×106 kga-1. Diffuse sources shows that chemical N fertilizer constitutes the largest source of total N inputs, accounting for about 50.23%. The mean annual N outputs range from 132.10×106kga-1 to 170.38×106kga-1, and agricultural N output is the maximum output. The large gap between N inputs and outputs results in the high N surplus of 132.10×106 kga-1~170.38×106kga-1, which results in the transfer of N from the terrestrial system to the aquatic system and increasing the risk of water eutrophication.

Study on Social Risk Appraise of Construction Project in China — A Case from Guangzhou

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 2916-2924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Chen ◽  
Kai Ze Wu ◽  
Jian Hui Tan ◽  
Ming Fei Li
Keyword(s):  
Construction Project ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Reference Groups ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Proper Solutions

Aimed to the social risk appraise of construction project, the qualitative and quantitative analysis, as well as the theory and empirical research methodologies are used in this paper, and taking a Demolition and Relocation Project of Guangzhou as the Study Case. Based on questionnaire investigation and depth interview to the samples of reference groups in this project, the potential social risk and the real appeals of the reference groups are described systematically and objectively in this paper. In the mean time, the SPSS software is used to analyses the statistical data. Finally, focused on above analysis, the relevant suggestions to prevent the social risk are proposed. Appraising conclusion shows that most sensitive people, within the scope of demolition, agree on the quasi decision-making matters on the construction project, and at least, they are not opposed to it. However, there are several practical issues to which we need to pay close attentions and to require proper solutions. Before these issues are solved, suspending the demolition is suggested.

scholarly journals Patterns of Scrotal Sonographic Findings in Suspected Subfertile Males in Enugu, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Emeka Kevin Mgbe Emeka Kevin Mgbe ◽  
Enyeribe Chuks Ajare ◽  
Philip Okere
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Modality ◽  
P Value ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Subfertility ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nigeria Teaching Hospital ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Radiation Medicine

Introduction: There are varied scrotal findings in subfertile males of which ultrasonography is a readily available, non-ionizing and reproducible imaging modality of choice for proper assessment. Aim: To identify the patterns of scrotal ultrasonographic findings in suspected subfertile males in Enugu.  Study Design: A comparative cross sectional prospective study.  Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiation Medicine University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu, between July 2019 and February 2020.  Methodology: 130 adult males comprising 65 suspected subfertile males and 65 normal adult males were recruited for this study. Ultrasound scanning was done on research participants using 5.0-7.5 MHz linear transducer on a mobile “ALOKA” ultrasound machine. The obtained data were coded, validated, and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS software, version 24, percentage, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t test. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.  Results: A total of 130 subjects were scanned. The mean age was 41.2years. The mean testicular volume was 10.01±4.09 cm3. There was a wide variety of findings in the assessed subfertile males ranging from normal to inhomogeneous testicular echotexture and varicocoele. Varicocoele was the commonest finding accounting for 50% of other findings, followed by hydrocoele (22%), then 10% had inhomogeneous echotexture while microlithiasis, undescended testis as well as epididymal cyst all had 6%.  Conclusion: Ultrasonographic evaluation of testis is invaluable in the assessment of patterns of findings in male subfertility. Varicocoele was the commonest sonologic finding among the suspected subfertile males. This is reassuring as varicocoele is readily treatable cause of subfertility compared to complex multifactorial causes of female subfertility.

scholarly journals A High Cattle-Grazing Density Alters Circadian Rhythmicity of Temperature, Heart Rate, and Activity as Measured by Implantable Bio-Loggers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Palacios ◽  
Javier Plaza ◽  
José-Alfonso Abecia
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Circadian Rhythmicity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Grazing Area ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Animal Grazing

Six cows managed under extensive grazing conditions were used to study the effect of moving the animals to a higher grazing density on the circadian rhythms of temperature (T), heart rate (HR), and activity (ACT), which were recorded by implantable bio-loggers. Cows were maintained at a density of 1.5 livestock units per hectare (LSUs/ha; low density, LD) until they were moved to a grazing area at 128 LSUs/ha (high density, HD). Animals were implanted subcutaneously with a T, HR, and ACT bio-logger, which was programmed to record data at 5-min intervals. For each animal, cosinor rhythmometry (the study of circadian rhythms by fitting a sine wave to a time series) was applied to the data recorded over 5 days in LD and HD. Mean Midline Estimating Statistic of Rhythm (MESOR; the average value around which the variable oscillates), amplitude (difference between the peak and the mean value of a wave), and acrophase (timing of peak activity) were calculated and evaluated statistically. Differences between mean day and nighttime values, and mean LD and HD values were calculated. Cows presented cosinor curves that fit a 24-h rhythm (p < 0.001) in T, HR, and ACT at both densities. MESOR (T: 37.98 vs. 38.02°C; HR: 69.12 vs. 65.91 bpm; ACT: 49.39 vs. 40.41 mg, for LD and HD, respectively) and amplitude (T: 0.28 vs. 0.28°C; HR: 4.12 vs. 3.14 bpm; ACT: 18.14 vs. 11.28 mg, respectively) did not differ significantly between the two densities; however, significant (p < 0.05) differences between densities occurred in the acrophase of the three variables; specifically, the T acrophase was 2 h later at HD (22:45 h) than LD (20:45 h), and HR (LD: 19:51; HD: 16:49 h) and ACT acrophases 3 and 2 h earlier at HD than LD (LD: 14:47; HD: 12:49 h), respectively. T and ACT differed significantly (p < 0.01) between daytime (mean ± SE; 37.92 ± 0.19°C, 40.39 ± 4.74 mg) and nighttime (38.14 ± 0.17°C, 29.93 ± 5.66 mg). In conclusion, our study suggests that a high animal grazing density might exacerbate the social competence for valuable resources for animals, resulting in shifting the circadian rhythmicity of temperature, heart rate, and activity of the cows, advancing or delaying their acrophases.

scholarly journals Hubungan Antara Tingkat Religiusitas Orang Tua dengan Religiusitas Siswa

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-62
Author(s):  
Alfin Maskur
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Relationship Of

Children are individuals who determine the future and quality of the nation, so it is important to consider the development of the child, namely physical development, psychiatric and spirituality. A strong base of planting through the guidance and religious education, the role of family began to weaken because of the social, political and cultural changes that occurred. The family has lost its function in student emotion development especially in the adolescent phase. The purpose of this research is to test the relationship of parents ' religiality to the level of religiality of students of XI MAN Prambon class. Using the quantitative approach of the results of this research is as follows: (1) The level of religiality of parents of class XI MAN Prambon is categorized as excellent based on the mean value of 130, 718 which is guided by the absolute score criteria ; (2) The level of religiality of students of the class XI MAN Prambon is categorized very well based on the mean value of 127,971 which is guided by the absolute score criteria; (3) There is a significant relationship with the level of parents ' religiality and the level of religiality of class students of XI MAN Prambon with the correlation value of product moment of 0765 that is greater than the value of R table and the value of Sig under 0.05 is 0.000.

scholarly journals Comparing Benzodiazepines-morphine-induced Respiratory Depression by Analyzing Respiratory Pattern in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-859
Author(s):  
Abbas Alimoradian ◽  
◽  
Saeed Pazhoohan ◽  
Omid Mirzabeygi ◽  
Kiana Naderinia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Depression ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Whole Body Plethysmography

Background and Aim: Opioid and benzodiazepine family drugs are concurrently used in various patients. Considering the respiratory depressant effects of both classes, in this study, we investigated the effect of coadministration of morphine and several widely used benzodiazepines in the clinic on the rate of respiratory depression in rats. Methods & Materials: Seventy adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 10 groups; morphine, midazolam, diazepam, lorazepam, alprazolam, morphine-midazolam, morphine-diazepam, morphine-lorazepam, and morphine-alprazolam. Respiration signal was recorded using whole-body plethysmography 15 minutes after the intraperitoneal injection of the drugs. The respiratory pattern was examined using several parameters; the mean value of inter-breath interval and the respiratory rate, as well as the coefficient of variation and sample entropy analysis of inter-breath interval. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1397.327). Results: Analyzing respiratory data revealed that injecting the anxiolytic dose of alprazolam, and the combination of morphine-alprazolam and morphine-midazolam, altered the respiratory pattern. Such changes were associated with a decrease in the number of breaths and an increase in the inter-breath interval in the explored test animals, compared with the controls. The obtained data also indicated that morphine-midazolam injection increased the variability of the breathing pattern; such an alternation was associated with increased irregularity and decreased coefficient of variation of the inter-breath interval. Conclusion: The present research results suggested that the short-term injection of morphine-midazolam changes the respiratory pattern more severely than morphine combined with other benzodiazepines.

scholarly journals Thunderbeat versus bipolar diathermy in surgical outcome of tonsillectomy

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Bikash Lal Shrestha ◽  
Samir Karmacharya ◽  
Pradeep Rajbhandari
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Surgical Outcome ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Bipolar Diathermy ◽  
Operative Blood Loss ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spss Software

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures performed worldwide by otorhinolaryngologists for the different indications. There are different studies in literature comparing bipolar diathermy with either harmonic scalpel or cold dissection but the thunderbeat is still not used in tonsillectomy. The thunderbeat device which is the integration of ultrasonic and advanced bipolar energies used exclusively in laparoscopic surgery but still not used in tonsillectomy. So, the main aim of this study is to compare the thunderbeat device with bipolar diathermy in surgical outcome of tonsillectomy</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was the prospective study performed in total 25 patients. The patients included in the study underwent tonsillectomy on one side using thunderbeat device and on the other side using bipolar diathermy. The intra-operative blood loss, operative time and post-operative pain were taken for analysis in both the surgical procedures. <span lang="EN-IN">All the data were analyzed with the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) software version 20. </span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Among the twenty five patients, the age groups range from 19-36 years with mean age 25.36±5.62 years. Out of 25 patients, 7 were male and 18 were female. The comparison of operation time and intra-operative blood loss between thunderbeat and bipolar diathermy showed statistically significant differences. <span lang="EN-IN">The comparison of pain score showed statistically significant result with better pain results in bipolar diathermy</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The thunderbeat uses in tonsillectomies is less time consuming and decrease intra-operative blood loss. But, the post-operative pain is more as compared to bipolar diathermy. Though, it is safe and effective in performing tonsillectomy but its cost is the main drawback for its regular use. </span></p>

scholarly journals AWAKENING CHARACTERISTICS AND RECOVERY OF COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING SHORT SURGICAL PROCEDURES: COMPARISON BETWEEN DESFLURANE AND PROPOFOL

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
FERNAZ BASHA ◽  
PARTHASARATHY S ◽  
ANTONY JOHN CHARLES S ◽  
RAVISHANKAR M ◽  
HEMANTH KUMAR VR
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Early Discharge ◽  
The Awakening ◽  
Hemodynamic Variables ◽  
Inhalational Agent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
State Examination

Objectives: Early awakening and recovery of the cognitive function improves post-operative outcome and early discharge of the patients. Desflurane and Propofol offer rapid emergence from anesthesia. We compared the awakening and recovery of cognitive function between these two agents. Methods: A total of 50 patients aged 30–60 years belonging to ASA 1 and 2 were studied. In both the groups baseline, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was recorded and were induced with Target controlled infusion (TCI) of Propofol to achieve plasma site concentration (Cp) of 6 mcg/ml. Group P continued with TCI Propofol Cp 3 mcg ml-1 and in group D, TCI was stopped and started Desflurane 6% end tidal concentration followed by Desflurane 3%. Hemodynamic variables were noted and after stopping the agent, time to eye open, squeeze hands, removal of laryngeal mask airway, state name, and modified Aldrete score were noted. MMSE score was recorded 1, 6, and 24 h postoperatively. Results: Awakening time was significantly shorter in duration in Desflurane group compared to Propofol. The mean time to eye open in the Propofol group was 10.41±2:31 min and Desflurane group was 06.21±01.42 min (***p=0.000). There was an increase in the mean MMSE score postoperatively at 6 h and 24 h interval when compared to the baseline within the groups. However, there was no difference in recovery of cognitive function between the two groups. Conclusion: The use of inhalational agent Desflurane provided shorter awakening time than intravenous Propofol in short surgical procedures but the recovery of cognitive function was comparable. There were no significant side effects.

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