Chapter-60 AIDS-induced Cardiac Abnormalities and Heart Failure

2014 ◽  
pp. 541-545
Author(s):  
Khwaja Alim
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Abnormalities

Definition, epidemiology, and burden of disease: HFrEF

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1745-1748
Author(s):  
Aldo Pietro Maggioni ◽  
Ovidiu Chioncel
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Cardiac Abnormalities ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure

Heart failure is the final common stage of many diseases of the heart, caused by structural and/or functional cardiac abnormalities, resulting in a reduced cardiac output. The clinical profile of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is generally more severe than that of patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. HFrEF remains a relevant problem, despite the improvements in its management achieved in the last decades, leading to large economic costs, frequent hospitalization, and high levels of mortality.

Definition, epidemiology, and burden of disease: HFrEF

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1745-1748
Author(s):  
Aldo Pietro Maggioni ◽  
Ovidiu Chioncel
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Cardiac Abnormalities ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure

Heart failure is the final common stage of many diseases of the heart, caused by structural and/or functional cardiac abnormalities, resulting in a reduced cardiac output. The clinical profile of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is generally more severe than that of patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. HFrEF remains a relevant problem, despite the improvements in its management achieved in the last decades, leading to large economic costs, frequent hospitalization, and high levels of mortality.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF 2-D ECHO FINDINGS IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE :A CASE STUDY OF 50 END STAGE RENAL DISEASE PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Ruby Patel ◽  
Deepak Baldania ◽  
Babulal Bamboria
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cardiac Abnormalities ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Esrd Patients

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide with increase in incidence and prevalence. Diabetes and hypertension are the leading cause of CKD worldwide, whereas hypertension is a cause as well as effect of CKD. CKD is a risk factor for cardiovascular events and complications which increase as CKD progress to ESRD [3]. Cardiovascular mortality is 10-20 times more common in ESRD patients on renal replacement therapy as compared to general population. One of the major structural cardiac abnormalities in CKD patients is left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and is associated with increased risk for cardiac ischemia, congestive heart failure, as well as a very strong independent predictor for cardiovascular mortality [4]. Majority patients with CKD die due to cardiovascular events before reaching ESRD due to risk factors [5]. Anemia and hypertension are most consistent with heart failure that causes 2/3rd death of all dialysis patients. ESRD patients do have myriads of structural and functional cardiac abnormalities which include LVH, depressed LV function, regional wall motion abnormality, pericardial effusion and valvular calcification.

scholarly journals Prevalence of cardiac abnormalities in sickle cell disease identified using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bawor ◽  
R Kesse-Adu ◽  
K Gardner ◽  
P Marino ◽  
J Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Cardiac Mri ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Cardiac Abnormalities ◽  
Atrial Enlargement

Abstract Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) affects thousands of individuals in the United Kingdom causing significant morbidity and mortality. Modern therapies have been successful in increasing life expectancy, however these patients have an increased risk of cardiovascular complications and the extent to which sickle cell disease affects cardiac function is not well understood. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard imaging modality for evaluating myocardial function. It is known that sickle cell patients can present with pulmonary hypertension, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, and atrial enlargement however the prevalence of other cardiac abnormalities has not been sufficiently investigated with cardiac MRI. In addition, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) updated their definition of Heart Failure in 2016 and therefore will need to be re-assessed in this population. Purpose To evaluate the prevalence of cardiac abnormalities in the sickle cell population using cardiac MRI and based on the recently updated diagnostic criteria. Methods We conducted a retrospective review including all patients with sickle cell disease at a large tertiary hospital in London, United Kingdom who had been referred for cardiac MRI between 2011 and 2019. Data was collected data on various measures of cardiac function including: left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular hypertrophy, left and right atrial enlargement, regional wall motion abnormalities, valvular disease, myocardial scarring, and cardiac iron load. Results 82 patients and 123 cardiac MRI scans were reviewed in this study. 68% of patients were female and the average age at time of scan was 37 years. The average left ventricular ejection fraction was 57% (n=82). Cardiac abnormalities were identified in 60% of patients. The most common cardiac abnormalities reported were: valvular regurgitation (46%; n=28), left atrial enlargement (28%; n=19), right atrial enlargement (16%; n=11), left ventricular hypertrophy (11%; n=8), regional wall motion abnormalities (10%; n=7), and myocardial scar with late gadolinium enhancement (9%; n=7). 28% of the patients were diagnosed with Heart Failure; 11% of the patients satisfied the diagnostic criteria for HFpEF (Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, n=9), 10% with HFrEF (Heart Failure with reduced ejection fraction, n=8), and 7% with HFmrEF (Heart Failure with mid-range ejection fraction, n=6). Conclusion Sickle cell disease affects cardiac function in the majority of patients resulting in numerous cardiac abnormalities. We have described the overall extent of these effects using data from cardiac MRI scans, which has not been commonly used thus far. This has implications for both the diagnosis and subsequent management of cardiac abnormalities in this population, and it can be used to further investigate and guide the development of targeted treatments for these patients. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) During Induction In ACUTE Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) Patients

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 3898-3898
Author(s):  
Arati Rani Chand ◽  
Josh Simmons ◽  
Farrukh Awan ◽  
Anand P. Jillella ◽  
Ravindra B. Kolhe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Advisory Board ◽  
Remission Induction ◽  
Induction Phase ◽  
Cardiac Abnormalities ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Cardiac Stunning

Abstract Background APL is a highly curable malignancy with cure rates of greater than 90% in most co-operative group trials. Population-based studies show that the survival is only about 65-70% with up to 30% early deaths. The most common reasons of early deaths are bleeding, differentiation syndrome (DS) and infection. Differentiation syndrome is very peculiar to this disease and potentially fatal unless recognized early. The wide variety of clinical presentations associated with DS might lead to delay in diagnosis in some patients which may lead to poorer outcomes. European Leukemia Net recommendations suggest that congestive heart failure (CHF) is one of the presenting features of DS and most of the reports on cardiac abnormalities focus on pericardial effusion. Cardiac stunning is only briefly reported in the literature. Cardiac stunning might be a result of cytokine storm attributable to tumor lysis in addition to being part of the DS. Here we report the incidence of CHF in patients undergoing induction for APL. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review on patients diagnosed with APL who received induction between December 1, 2004 and July 31, 2013 at Georgia Regents University and also patients who were referred to us from surrounding treatment centers with whom we co-manage these patients. Baseline and follow up ejection fractions (EF) were recorded by echocardiogram or nuclear medicine scan. We evaluated patients who had a drop in EF during the induction period. Results 41 consecutive patients with APL with normal ejection fraction at diagnosis were evaluated. 1 patient refused treatment and was excluded. 38/40 patients received idarubicin and ATRA remission induction and 2 patients received Arsenic and ATRA. There were seven deaths during induction phase of treatment In the surviving patients, 10 patients had a repeat ECHO during the first 30 days of induction phase for suspected cardiomyopathy. 5 patients (15.1% of surviving patients) demonstrated a decrease in EF and all five were in the anthracycline group. The age range of patients with drop in EF was 30-75 years. Absolute drop in EF was between 10- 35%. Only one patient had mild elevation in troponins while others had no elevation. 3 out of the 5 patients had significant DS. Of the surviving patients, 4 out of 5 patients recovered their EF completely with one patient recovering partially to 45-50% (from 20-25%). Conclusions Anthracyclines, along with ATRA, are still the mainstay of treatment for this curable malignancy. Although the incidence of cardiac abnormalities is described with repeated courses of anthracyclines, a single dose of anthracyclines can also play a role in cardiac injury. The highly inflammatory state present during the early treatment of APL might also play a role in cardiac injury resulting in higher number of patients with decreased EFs. DS clinical presentation most commonly involves dyspnea and edema, which are also symptoms of heart failure. Prompt cardiac evaluation should be undertaken to rule out congestive heart failure as an early start to therapy will lead to improved outcomes. Disclosures: Awan: Lymphoma Research Foundation: Research Funding; Spectrum Pharmaceuticals Inc.: Speakers Bureau. Jillella:Lymphoma Leukemia society: Research Funding. Kota:Teva: Speakers Bureau; Ariad: Advisory board, Advisory board Other.

scholarly journals MLP Based Tan-Sigmoid Activation Function for Cardiac Activity Monitoring

2019 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Hashim Fakroul Ridzuan ◽  
Adnan Ja'afar ◽  
Ahmad Khairol Amali ◽  
Ahmad Jamil Syahrull Hi-Fi Syam ◽  
Januar Yulni
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Family History ◽  
Multilayer Perceptron ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Activation Function ◽  
Training Algorithms ◽  
Heart Activity ◽  
Cardiac Abnormalities ◽  
Mlp Network ◽  
Sigmoid Activation Function

Cardiac abnormalities can occur to everyone, irrespective of race, age or gender. However, family history gives a clear signal of the probable probability of heart failure in the heart. Cardiac abnormalities rarely show early symptoms, thereby contributing to sudden deaths in patients. In general, heartbeat is an irregular electric boost or heart activity. In this paper, an early monitoring system for detecting cardiac abnormalities was conducted using the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) network. The cardiac abnormalities dataset is taken from the MIT-BIH database used to train the MLP network by using multiple training algorithms with Tan-Sigmoid as an activation function.

Mitochondria in Cardiomyopathy: Alterations in Size, Number and Internal Structures

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 126-127
Author(s):  
George Hug ◽  
William K. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Left Ventricular Outflow ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Myocardial Fibers ◽  
Muscle Biopsies ◽  
Needle Liver Biopsy

A white boy six months of age was hospitalized with respiratory distress and congestive heart failure. Control of the heart failure was achieved but marked cardiomegaly, moderate hepatomegaly, and minimal muscular weakness persisted.At birth a chest x-ray had been taken because of rapid breathing and jaundice and showed the heart to be of normal size. Clinical studies included: EKG which showed biventricular hypertrophy, needle liver biopsy which showed toxic hepatitis, and cardiac catheterization which showed no obstruction to left ventricular outflow. Liver and muscle biopsies revealed no biochemical or histological evidence of type II glycogexiosis (Pompe's disease). At thoracotomy, 14 milligrams of left ventricular muscle were removed. Total phosphorylase activity in the biopsy specimen was normal by biochemical analysis as was the degree of phosphorylase activation. By light microscopy, vacuoles and fine granules were seen in practically all myocardial fibers. The fibers were not hypertrophic. The endocardium was not thickened excluding endocardial fibroelastosis. Based on these findings, the diagnosis of idiopathic non-obstructive cardiomyopathy was made.

Localization of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the normal and failing human atrial myocardium

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 786-787
Author(s):  
Chi-Ming Wei ◽  
Margarita Bracamonte ◽  
Shi-Wen Jiang ◽  
Richard C. Daly ◽  
Christopher G.A. McGregor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Cardiac Tissues ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
End Stage Heart Failure ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent endothelium-derived relaxing factor which also may modulate cardiomyocyte inotropism and growth via increasing cGMP. While endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) isoforms have been detected in non-human mammalian tissues, expression and localization of eNOS in the normal and failing human myocardium are poorly defined. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate eNOS in human cardiac tissues in the presence and absence of congestive heart failure (CHF).Normal and failing atrial tissue were obtained from six cardiac donors and six end-stage heart failure patients undergoing primary cardiac transplantation. ENOS protein expression and localization was investigated utilizing Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining with the polyclonal rabbit antibody to eNOS (Transduction Laboratories, Lexington, Kentucky).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document