scholarly journals Hydrogen diffusion and trapping in laser additively manufactured ultra-high strength AerMet100 steel

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3812 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian-zhe Ran ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
Hai-bo Tang ◽  
Hua-ming Wang ◽  
Raymond Santucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Hydrogen Diffusion ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Trap States ◽  
Hydrogen Trapping ◽  
Tempered Martensite ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Martensite Microstructure ◽  
Effective Hydrogen ◽  
Similar Yield

Hydrogen trapping and the permeation behavior of laser additively manufactured (LAM) AerMet100 steel with an as-deposited specimen (AD) and after three types of heat-treated specimens (BM, TBMM, and TM) was investigated. At least three types of different hydrogen traps were identified in each microstructure of LAM AerMet100 steel, including both reversible and irreversible H traps. For as-deposited microstructure, the main reversible H trap states are related to the precipitation of M3C carbides associated with a detrapping activation energy (Ed) of 17.3±0.2 kJ/mol. After heat treatment, the dominant reversible hydrogen trap states in the tempered martensite microstructure have a different Ed value of 19.3±0.5 kJ/mol, which is attributed to the precipitation of highly coherent M2C carbides. In comparison with the reported Ed value of ~21.4 kJ/mol for main reversible hydrogen traps in wrought AerMet100 steel, the less Ed value in LAM AerMet100 steel is closely related to the composition change of M2C carbides. In all of the H pre-charged samples, the diffusible and total H concentration of the TM specimen and the TBMM specimen are about 3-4 times higher than that of the AD specimen and the BM specimen. The TM specimen with tempered martensite microstructure has the highest diffusible and total H concentration due to its high density of dominantly reversible H traps. The effective hydrogen diffusion coefficient (Deff) of LAM AerMet100 steel is on the order of 10-9 cm2/s, and decreases with increasing density of dominantly reversible H traps brought about by heat treatment. Furthermore, compared with wrought AerMet100 steel of a similar yield strength (~1750 MPa), the LAM AerMet100 steel has a comparable Deff of about 2.8×10-9 cm2/s.

Effect of a Complex Heat Treatment on the Structure of 300M Steel

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 312-313
Author(s):  
R. Padmanabhan ◽  
W. E. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Metal Carbides ◽  
Austenite Grain Size ◽  
300M Steel ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Strain Fracture ◽  
Prior Austenite Grain Size ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Final Tempering ◽  
Similar Yield

Intermediate high temperature tempering prior to subsequent reaustenitization has been shown to double the plane strain fracture toughness as compared to conventionally heat treated UHSLA steels, at similar yield strength levels. The precipitation (during tempering) of metal carbides and their subsequent partial redissolution and refinement (during reaustenitization), in addition to the reduction in the prior austenite grain size during the cycling operation have all been suggested to contribute to the observed improvement in the mechanical properties. In this investigation, 300M steel was initially austenitized at 1143°K and then subjected to intermediate tempering at 923°K for 1 hr. before reaustenitizing at 1123°K for a short time and final tempering at 583°K. The changes in the microstructure responsible for the improvement in the properties have been studied and compared with conventionally heat treated steel. Fig. 1 shows interlath films of retained austenite produced during conventionally heat treatment.

Comparison of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured and Conventional Maraging Steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 405 ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Ludmila Kučerová ◽  
Andrea Jandová ◽  
Ivana Zetková
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Maraging Steel ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Hardness Measurement ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Good Material ◽  
Iron Nickel

Maraging steel is an iron-nickel steel alloy, which achieves very good material properties like high toughness, hardness, good weldability, high strength and dimensional stability during heat treatment. In this work, maraging steel 18Ni-300 was manufactured by selective laser melting. It is a method of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, which produces prototypes and functional parts. Sample of additively manufactured and conventional steel with the same chemical composition were tested after in three different states – heat treated (as-built/as-received), solution annealed and precipitation hardened. Resulting microstructures were analysed by light and scanning electron microscopy and mechanical properties were obtained by hardness measurement and tensile test. Cellular martensitic microstructures were observed in additively manufactured samples and conventional maraging steel consisted of lath martensitic microstructures. Very similar mechanical properties were obtained for both steels after the application of the same heat treatment. Ultimate tensile strengths reached 839 – 900 MPa for samples without heat treatment and heat treated by solution annealing, the samples after precipitation hardening had tensile strengths of 1577 – 1711 MPa.

Microstructure and Mechanism of Three Spheroidizing Treatment for the Carbide of GCr15 Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Cai Zhang ◽  
Xiao Lan Yi ◽  
Qun Qun Yuan ◽  
Long Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Final Heat Treatment ◽  
Tempered Martensite ◽  
Final Heat ◽  
Gcr15 Steel ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Spheroidizing Annealing

Three groups of GCr15 steel were heat-treated respectively by conventional spheroidizing annealing, circulation spheroidizing annealing, 1050°C for 30min oil cooling quenching + 700°C tempering. The final heat treatment of these GCr15 steel was 840°C oil cooling quenching + 150°C tempering. The microstructure of the heat-treated GCr15 were observed and the mechanism of three spheroidizing treatment were discussed in this paper. The results showed that: There is obvious difference among the three groups carbide of GCr15 for the mechanism of three spheroidizing treatments is different. The GCr15 has 1050°C for 30min oil cooling quenching + 700°C tempering showed the best result of carbide spheroidizing. The microstructure of GCr15 after 840°C oil cooling quenching + 150 °C tempering was tempered martensite and carbide which is fine, round and widely distributed.

Strain Enhanced High Strength Cu–Ag–Zr Conductors

2009 ◽  
Vol 633-634 ◽  
pp. 707-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Lyubimova ◽  
Jens Freudenberger ◽  
Alexandere Gaganov ◽  
Hansjörg Klauss ◽  
Ludwig Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Homogeneous Material ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Zr Alloys

Recovery, recrystallisation and grain growth processes as well as the formation of a solid solution and the phase separation of a homogeneous material into a heterogeneous one are observed for Cu-Ag-Zr alloys heat-treated at different temperatures by means of mechanical, electrical and microstructural analyses. Heat treatments are shown to be an effective tool to enhance the strain to failure. If applied between several deformation steps the heat treatment causes an increase of both strain and strength limits.

Casting and Heat Treatment of Turbocharger Impellers Thixocast from Alloy 201

2012 ◽  
Vol 192-193 ◽  
pp. 556-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhu ◽  
Stephen Midson ◽  
Chang Wei Ming ◽  
Helen V. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treatment Condition ◽  
Hot Tearing ◽  
Alloy Casting ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Optimum Heat ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Optimum Heat Treatment

Commercial semi-solid cast impellers are produced from Al-Si-Cu alloys heat treated to the T6 temper. The study described in this paper involved the identification of casting and heat treatment parameters to produce semi-solid processed turbocharger impellers from a silicon-free, higher strength 201 alloy. Casting parameters were identified which minimized hot tearing in the alloy 201 impellers. A series of heat treatment studies were performed to determine optimum heat treatment parameters. The T71 temper was identified as the preferred heat treatment condition to produce high strength as well as superior elongation. The results from mechanical property measurements conducted on the T71 heat treated impellers are reported. Optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also used to characterize the microstructure of alloy 201 impellers before and after heat treatment, and representative microstructures are presented.

Microstructure and Mechanical Propertiesof Ti/Cu-Cr/S20C and Ti/Cu-Ag/S20C Clad Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 376 ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Su Ha ◽  
Sun Ig Hong
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Strain Hardening ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Strengthening Mechanism ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Strength And Ductility

In this study Cu-Ag or Cu-Cr layer was sandwiched by Ti and Fe plates and the three layers of Ti/Cu-8Ag/S20C were clad by High Pressure Torsioning(HPT). The effect of post-HPT heat treatment on the interfacial reaction products and the mechanical performance in Ti/Cu-Ag/S20C and Ti/Cu-Cr/S20C clad material were studied. Cu4Ti3 and Cu4Ti Intremetallic compound layers were observed at the Ti/Cu-Ag and Ti/Cu-Cr interfaces in the clad heat-treated at 500°C where as no intermetallic compounds were observed at the Cu-Ag/S20C and Cu-Cr/S20C interfaces. The strength of as-HPTed Ti/Cu-8Ag/S20C is much higher than that of Ti/Cu-1Cr/S20C. The strengthening mechanism of Cu-Ag deformed severely is the interface and strain hardening in which dislocations are deposited at the Cu/Ag interfaces and can contribute to the strengthening of the clad composite just after HPT processing, rendering the high strength just after processing. In both clad composites, the strength and ductility increased after heat treatment at 350°C, which are likely caused by the enhanced bonding at the interfaces.

scholarly journals Heat Treatment Effect on Lath Martensite

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Enikő Réka Fábián ◽  
Áron Kótai
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Lath Martensite ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Steels ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Ice Water ◽  
Martensite Microstructure

Abstract During our investigation lath martensite was produced in low carbon steels by austenitization at 1200 °C/20 min, and the cooling of samples in ice water. The samples were tempered at a range of temperatures. The tempering effects on microstructure and on mechanical proprieties were investigated. Some samples with lath martensite microstructure were cold rolled and heat treated at different temperatures. Recrystallization was observed after heat treatment at 600-700 °C.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Embrittlement and Diffusion in High Strength Low Alloyed Steels with Different Microstructures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Cabrini ◽  
Sergio Lorenzi ◽  
Diego Pesenti Bucella ◽  
Tommaso Pastore
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Hydrogen Diffusion ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Tempered Martensite ◽  
Hsla Steels ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Embrittlement Resistance ◽  
Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance

<span lang="EN-US">The paper deals with the effect of microstructure on the hydrogen diffusion in traditional ferritic-pearlitic HSLA steels and new high strength steels, with tempered martensite microstructures or banded ferritic-bainitic-martensitic microstructures. Diffusivity was correlated to the hydrogen embrittlement resistance of steels, evaluated by means of slow strain rate tests.</span>

Characterization of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AA2219-O and T6 Friction Stir Welds

2019 ◽  
Vol 969 ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Venkateswarlu ◽  
Muralimohan Cheepu ◽  
P. Nageswara Rao ◽  
S. Senthil Kumaran ◽  
Narayanan Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Microhardness Distribution ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Aluminum Alloy 2219 ◽  
Failure Location

In the present study, aluminum alloy 2219 of two different heat treatment states were selected and welded using the friction stir welding process to evaluate the effect substrate on the joint properties. The microstructural observations have exhibited the difference in their characteristics between two heat treatment conditions of 2219-O and T6 conditions. The tensile strength of the AA2219-T6 joints much higher than the AA2219-O joints. Consequently, the microhardness distribution across the different zones varying with two different heat treated conditions. The failure locations and fracture surface features are revealed the significant differences among these two heat treated conditions with the change in their failure location and the fracture morphologies. The optimal welding conditions were analyzed to determine the high strength of the welds with excellent metallurgical properties of the welds.

Investigation of the joinability of the high-strength aluminum alloy AA7075 in shear-clinching processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072110679
Author(s):  
S Wiesenmayer ◽  
M Merklein
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
High Strength Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Strength Alloy ◽  
Heating Up

Shear-clinching has proven to be a suitable technology for joining of high-strength materials. However, the mechanical properties of the upper joining partner are limited due to the high strains, which occur during the process. Therefore, shear-clinching of the high-strength aluminum alloy AA7075 in the T6 temper is not possible. Yet, the mechanical properties of hardenable alloys of the 7000 series can be influenced by a heat treatment. Thus, within the scope of this work, the joinability of the high-strength alloy AA7075 in shear-clinching processes in dependance of its temper is investigated. The as fabricated state F, the artificially aged T6 temper, a paint baked state and the naturally aged T4 temper are compared to the fully solution annealed W temper as well as to a retrogression heat-treated state. For retrogression heat treatment, a laser is used as heat source, heating up the alloy for a short term in order to only partially dissolve precipitations. The resulting mechanical properties are determined with uniaxial tensile tests. Moreover, the influence of the mechanical properties of AA7075 on the shear-clinching process, the joint formation and the resulting joint strength is analyzed.

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