Current Evidence of Best Practice in School Bullying Interventions for OTs

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 7512515317p1
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Caguete ◽  
Whitney Ogechi Ihezue ◽  
J. Rita Park ◽  
Janet Njelesani
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Bullying Interventions

Current Evidence of Best Practice in Whole-School Bullying Intervention and Its Potential to Inform Cyberbullying Interventions

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Pearce ◽  
Donna Cross ◽  
Helen Monks ◽  
Stacey Waters ◽  
Sarah Falconer
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Bullying Prevention ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Whole School ◽  
School Based ◽  
Whole School Approach ◽  
Bullying Interventions ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractIn 2004, a set of validated guidelines for school bullying prevention and management was released by the Child Health Promotion Research Centre in Australia to guide schools' action to prevent and manage bullying behaviours. At this time little was known about cyber and other forms of covert bullying behaviours. These guidelines were updated in 2010 to include current research that provides a greater understanding of all forms of bullying behaviour. This article describes a summary of the current empirical evidence used to update these guidelines particularly related to relatively new and emergent forms of bullying, such as cyberbullying. Meta-analyses and reviews that assessed the effectiveness of school-based bullying interventions were examined to inform the relevance of the previously validated guidelines and to identify potential intervention strategies to reduce cyberbullying. This review confirmed the importance of a systematic whole-school approach to effectively prevent and manage all forms of bullying behaviours in schools (including cyberbullying) and the need to strengthen capacity supports to enable schools to put evidence into informed practice.

scholarly journals School-based interventions to address bullying

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Bullying Prevention ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
School Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
School Based Interventions ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Bullying Interventions ◽  
Meta Analyses

Following some background studies on the nature of school bullying, its prevalence, and the negative consequences it can have, this article reviews the history of anti-bullying interventions over the last 30 years. It considers several major programmes in detail, such as the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program, KiVa, Steps to Respect, and Friendly Schools. The nature and evaluation of the interventions is discussed, followed by a review of meta-analyses of the programmes effectiveness. Issues considered are the effect at different ages; components of interventions; work with peers; disciplinary methods, non-punitive and restorative approaches; challenges regarding cyberbullying; the role of parents; the role of teachers and teacher training; set menu versus à la carte approaches; sustainability of interventions and societal context. Conclusions show that interventions have had some success, with traditional bullying. However, further progress is needed in strengthening theoretical underpinnings to interventions, and in tackling cyberbullying.

An Eye on Vision: 20 Questions About Vision Screening and Eye Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kay Nottingham Chaplin ◽  
Kira Baldonado ◽  
Geoffrey E. Bradford ◽  
Susan Cotter ◽  
Bruce Moore
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
School Nurse ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Muscle Imbalance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Growing Body

Current evidence-based and best practice vision screening and eye health approaches, tools, and procedures are the result of revised national guidelines in the past 3 years and advances in research during the last 16 years. To help the busy school nurse with little time to keep up with changes in children’s vision practices and a growing body of literature, the National Center for Children’s Vision and Eye Health at Prevent Blindness is providing answers to 20 questions received most often from the field. Question topics are: (1) arranging the screening environment, (2) occluders to cover the eyes during vision screening, (3) optotype-based screening at distance, (4) optotype-based screening at near, (5) instrument-based screening, (6) muscle imbalance screening, (7) referrals, and (8) vision screening certification.

Ultrasound Devices to Treat Chronic Wounds: The Current Level of Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-349
Author(s):  
Georgios Kotronis ◽  
Prashanth R. J. Vas
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Considerable Morbidity ◽  
Significant Health

Chronic wounds cause considerable morbidity and utilize significant health care resources. In addition to addressing wound etiology and treating infection, regular debridement is a key component of wound care with a proven ability to accelerate healing. In this regard, a significant innovation in wound care has been the development of ultrasound debridement technology. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current evidence behind the technology with an emphasis on noncontact low-frequency (NCLF) ultrasound. A number of studies, especially those evaluating NCLF technology, have demonstrated the potential of ultrasound debridement to effectively remove devitalized tissue, control bioburden, alleviate pain, and expedite healing. However, most of the studies are underpowered, involve heterogeneous ulcer types, and demonstrate significant methodological limitations making comparison between studies difficult; there is a paucity of data on cost-effectiveness. Future clinical trials on ultrasound debridement technology must address the design issues prevalent in current studies, and report on clinically relevant endpoints before adoption into best-practice algorithms can be recommended.

An Eye on Vision: Five Questions About Vision Screening and Eye Health—Part 3

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 279-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kay Nottingham Chaplin ◽  
Kira Baldonado ◽  
Susan Cotter ◽  
Bruce Moore ◽  
Geoffrey E. Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Screening Guidelines ◽  
The Past ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Referral Criteria ◽  
Growing Body

Current evidence-based and best practice vision screening and eye health approaches, tools, and procedures are the result of revised national guidelines in the past 3 years and advances in research during the past 18 years. To help the busy school nurse with little time to keep up with changes in children’s vision practices and a growing body of literature, the National Center for Children’s Vision and Eye Health at Prevent Blindness is providing answers to five questions that are often received from the field. Topical areas are: (1) instrument-based screening for children ages 6 years and older, (2) stereoacuity screening and Random Dot E, (3) binocular distance visual acuity screening, (4) a 2-line difference between the eyes as part of referral criteria, and (5) state vision screening guidelines excluding evidence-based tools.

Tubo-ovarian abscess: Exploring optimal treatment options based on current evidence

2020 ◽  
pp. 228402652096064
Author(s):  
Fani Gkrozou ◽  
Orestis Tsonis ◽  
Aggelos Daniilidis ◽  
I Navrozoglou ◽  
Minas Paschopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Laparoscopic Approach ◽  
Pelvic Mass ◽  
Pelvic Abscess ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Optimal Approach ◽  
Ovarian Abscess

Purpose: Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) and pelvic abscess are characterized by an inflammatory pelvic mass. In the majority of cases, this condition involves the ovaries, the fallopian tubes and/or any other adjacent tissue. TOA is considered a severe complication of PID and can cause severe sepsis. The main risk factors for women’s health are the size of the abscess, the initial amount of white blood cells (WBC), patients’ age as well as, any co-existing comorbidities. Methods: This study provides a review of the current literature regarding the management of TOA and the different criteria used in order to establish the optimal therapeutic approach or to predict outcome by individualizing cases. Four major search engines, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, PubMed and EMBASE, up to February 2020 were explored, focusing in epidemiology and risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Results: Our review suggests that there are no clear guidelines for best practice, in case of TOA, but it appears that intravenous antibiotics combined with interventional radiology have good results for TOA <5 cm. When TOA is >5 cm, laparoscopic approach is indicated. Further studies are needed in order to evaluate the best treatment for women with TOA. Conclusions: More prospective studies on large-series of patients are in need, in order to determine a clear pathway and to suggest specific criteria, which can guide clinicians to choose optimal approach in a timely manner.

scholarly journals Nutrition in the neurocritical care unit

2015 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 88-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swagata Tripathy
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Critically Ill Patient ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Reparative Process ◽  
Special Patient Population

AbstractThe aim of intensive care is to support the physiology of the body till the treatment or the reparative process of the body kicks in to the rescue. Maintaining an adequate nutrition during this period is of vital importance to counteract the catabolic effect of the critical disease process. The guidelines for nutritional care in the neuro intensive care unit (ICU) are sparse. This article collates the current evidence and best practice recommendations as applicable to the critically ill patient in the neuro ICU. The use of screening tests to identify patients at a risk of malnutrition and related complications is presently recommended for all patients with an emphasis on early initiation of caloric support. Over-aggressive feeding in an attempt to revert the catabolic effects of critical illness have not proven beneficial, just as the attempts to improve patient outcomes by altering the routes of nutrition administration. Special patient population such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, subarachnoid haemorrhage or spinal cord injury may have varying nutritional requirements; individualised approach in the neurocritical ICU with the help of the intensivist, nutritionist and pharmacology team may be of benefit.

Management of patients on oral anticoagulants in dental practice

Dental Update ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 912-922
Author(s):  
Shrina Nathwani
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Oral Surgical Procedures ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
The Uk

The UK has an increasingly ageing population and, inevitably, the prevalence of anticoagulation among dental patients will grow. This same group of patients are retaining their natural teeth longer and will potentially require dental treatment and oral surgical procedures and so, general dental practitioners will need to be aware of the implications of anticoagulant drugs. Equally, to comply with requirements set by the General Dental Council's ‘Standards for the Dental Team’ it is imperative to ensure that, as clinicians, we put patients' interests first, and provide quality care based on current evidence. CPD/Clinical Relevance: It is important that dentists have knowledge and expertise to consult and treat medically compromised patients for patient safety and to adhere to best practice guidelines.

scholarly journals Bullying Behaviour in Schools: Towards Better Understandings and Practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mark Cleary
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
School Community ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Effective School ◽  
School Based ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Communication Difficulties ◽  
Bullying Interventions ◽  
The Impact

<p>This study of school bullying provides an overview of the development of international anti-bullying initiatives, an in-depth analysis of the state of antibullying approaches in New Zealand and a description of the impact of such approaches on the behaviour in one secondary school community. Its findings endorse the use of effective, school-based, anti-bullying interventions, in particular, those developed in Scandinavia and Britain during the last twenty years. The efforts to combat bullying in New Zealand are reviewed. While some New Zealand programmes are found to be effective, the anti-bullying initiatives of the Ministry of Education and the Education Review Office are found wanting, as is their failure to respond effectively to the growing public concern over bullying. A number of anti-bullying interventions undertaken within one school community are evaluated. While generally found to reduce bullying, the limitations of these interventions became evident when one class group was viewed in greater depth in a study which discovered an entrenched bullying ‘culture’ and provided insights into the bullying dynamic. The communication difficulties experienced when a small number of powerful individuals capture the dynamics of power and abuse, and in effect establish the relationship style for the whole group, are then highlighted. As a result of the understandings gained through this classroom-based study, a number of conclusions are developed about the importance of the role played by leaders, both teacher and pupil.</p>

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