scholarly journals As culturas do confinamento: um olhar da crise, a partir da realidade dos povos indígenas

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-157
Author(s):  
Antonio Hilario Aguilera Urquiza ◽  
Ana Keila Mosca Pinezi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
Indigenous Groups

O presente artigo objetivou desenvolver breve reflexão a respeito de como os povos indígenas brasileiros têm lidado com a pandemia pelo novo coronavírus e como têm sido afetados por ela. Ainda, pretendeu-se discutir o descaso do Estado brasileiro com os direitos humanos dessas populações mais vulneráveis. Em termos metodológicos, foram utilizadas pesquisas acerca do avanço do novo coronavírus entre etnias indígenas brasileiras, além de dados secundários de depoimentos em sites de ONGs e institutos especializados no assunto. A pesquisa nos mostra que a realidade da pandemia escancarou o quanto a sociedade brasileira é desigual em vários níveis e diferentes contextos, e como são tratadas deficientemente as questões de saúde de grupos vulneráveis, como os indígenas. Evidenciou, ainda, que não apenas cada comunidade tem sua maneira própria de conviver com a pandemia, mas também de que não há políticas de saúde adequadas e eficazes voltadas aos grupos vulneráveis que são os que mais sofrem perdas com esta crise sanitária e humanitária.   Confinement cultures: a look at the crisis, based on the reality of indigenous peoples This article aimed to develop a brief reflection on how different Brazilian indigenous groups deal with the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus, and how they have been affected by it. Furthermore, it intended to discuss the human rights’ neglect by the Brazilian State against those very vulnerable populations. In terms of methodology, the approach taken was based on evaluation of research data about the advancement of the new coronavirus among Brazilian indigenous ethnicities, in addition to secondary testimonial data from NGOs’ and subject matter specialized institutes’ websites. This research shows evidence of how the pandemic clearly revealed the inequalities within Brazilian society, in various levels and different contexts, and how deficiently handled health issues are among vulnerable populations, like the indigenous groups. In addition, it indicates that not only each community has its own way of dealing with the pandemic, but also that there are no adequate and effective health policies aimed at vulnerable groups, which are the ones that suffer the most from this health and humanitarian crisis. Keywords: Pandemic. Indigenous health. Human rights. Coronavirus.

scholarly journals Ensuring food security of indigenous peoples in Latin America by the UN food and agricultural organization (FAO)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-871
Author(s):  
Anita Z. Rakhman
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Right To Food ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Agricultural Organization

The activities of the United Nations in the 21st century, as in the earlier period, are undoubtedly devoted to protection and promotion of human rights. It promotes the realization of fundamental human rights through specialized agencies in various fields taking in account concerns and needs of vulnerable groups of population, in particular indigenous peoples. The World Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), in its turn, develops policies and implements strategies and programs to guarantee food security and the right to food to aboriginal people around the world, including in Latin America.

Case of the Kaliña and Lokono Peoples v. Suriname

2017 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Lucas Lixinski
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Collective Rights ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Indigenous Land Rights ◽  
Judicial Protection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Indigenous Land

On November 25, 2015, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (Court) held that the state of Suriname had violated the rights of two indigenous groups by denying recognition of their juridical personality and their entitlement to collective property and judicial protection. In Kaliña and Lokono Peoples v. Suriname, the Court also considered the impact of nature reserves on indigenous land rights, as well as the legitimacy of private titling of property that encroaches on land for which collective title has not been attained. The decision pushes the Court's previous jurisprudence significantly—and somewhat controversially—by asserting that under the American Convention on Human Rights, indigenous peoples are entitled, as collective entities, to recognition of their legal personality. In so doing, the Court challenged ordinary assumptions about the individualized character of most adjudication regarding international human rights and made the possibility of enforcing collective rights more palpable.

Discontent with AMLO to grow among indigenous Mexicans

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Native Population ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Collective Rights ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
National Human ◽  
Form Part ◽  
The Government

Subject Government-indigenous relations. Significance The National Human Rights Commission (CNDH) on April 18 urged Mexican authorities to heed the longstanding demands of indigenous groups for a Prior Consultation Law and relevant conflict resolution mechanisms that comply with international standards. The call followed news in March that President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador (AMLO) had contacted Spain’s King Felipe VI demanding an apology for abuses committed by the conquistadors towards Mexico’s native population. Such moves form part of AMLO’s stated commitment towards this sector of society. However, indigenous leaders question his willingness to heed and address their grievances. Impacts Even with new laws, indigenous opposition will create investor uncertainty, especially relating to mining, energy and transport projects. Ambitious infrastructure projects will create tensions with communities and test AMLO’s approval levels in some of his main strongholds. The EZLN will oppose the government as its stance on collective rights for indigenous peoples is unclear.

Engaging the Leviathan: National Development, Corporate Globalisation and the Endorois' Quest to Recover their Herding Grounds

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Korir Sing'Oei
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
National Development ◽  
State Power ◽  
Minority Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
Development Intervention ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
African Charter ◽  
African Commission

AbstractThis article examines in detail the recent landmark decision of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights in Centre for Minority Rights Development & Minority Rights Group (on behalf of the Endorois) v. Kenya. In particular, the article analyses the extent to which the Commission has given a new and more "African" life to indigenous peoples' human rights in the continent. While engaging in a juridical exposition of various rights germane to indigenous groups within the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, the article places this discourse in the context of globalisation whose (re)shaping of the state power has placed non-state corporations at the centre of development intervention with deleterious effects on insular groups.

scholarly journals Indigenous Communities of the Lhaka Honhat (Our Land) Association v. Argentina

2021 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 706-713
Author(s):  
Maria Antonia Tigre
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Property A ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Communal Property ◽  
First Time ◽  
Significant Milestone

On February 6, 2020, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (Court) declared in Lhaka Honhat Association v. Argentina that Argentina violated Indigenous groups’ rights to communal property, a healthy environment, cultural identity, food, and water. For the first time in a contentious case, the Court analyzed these rights autonomously based on Article 26 of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR) and ordered specific restitution measures, including actions to provide access to adequate food and water, and the recovery of forest resources and Indigenous culture. The decision marks a significant milestone for protecting Indigenous peoples’ rights and expanding the autonomous rights to a healthy environment, water, and food, which are now directly justiciable under the Inter-American human rights system.

scholarly journals Characterization of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from indigenous peoples of Colombia

Biomédica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (Supl. 2) ◽  
pp. 78-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darío Puerto ◽  
Lina Erazo ◽  
Angie Zabaleta ◽  
Martha I. Murcia ◽  
Claudia Llerena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
National Study ◽  
Beijing Family ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Cultural Determinants

Introduction: Tuberculosis continues to be a public health priority. Indigenous peoples are vulnerable groups with cultural determinants that increase the risk of the disease.Objective: To determine molecular epidemiology and phenotypical features and of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from indigenous people in Colombia during the period from 2009 to 2014.Materials and methods: We conducted an analytical observational study; we analyzed 234 isolates to determine their patterns of sensitivity to antituberculosis drugs and their molecular structures by spoligotyping.Results: The isolates came from 41 indigenous groups, predominantly the Wayúu (13.10%) and Emberá Chamí (11.35%). We found 102 spoligotypes distributed among seven genetic families (37.2% LAM, 15.8% Haarlem, 8.1% T, 3.4% U, 2.6% S, 2.1% X, and 0.9%, Beijing).The association analysis showed that the non-clustered isolates were related to prior treatment, relapse, orphan spoligotypes, and the Beijing family. The H family presented an association with the Arhuaco and Camëntŝá indigenous groups, the U family was associated with the Wounaan group, and the T family was associated with the Motilón Barí group.Conclusions: This is the first national study on M. tuberculosis characterization in indigenous groups. The study evidenced that diagnosis in indigenous people is late. We described 53% of orphan patterns that could be typical of the Colombian indigenous population. The high percentage of grouping by spoligotyping (62%) could indicate cases of active transmission, a situation that should be corroborated using a second genotyping marker. A new Beijing spoligotype (Beijing-like SIT 406) was identified in Colombia.

scholarly journals Core concepts of human rights and inclusion of vulnerable groups in the mental health policies of Malawi, Namibia, and Sudan

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasheem Mannan ◽  
Shahla ElTayeb ◽  
Malcolm MacLachlan ◽  
Mutamad Amin ◽  
Joanne McVeigh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Mental Health Policies

scholarly journals The Portrayal of Indigenous Health in Selected Australian Media

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J Stoneham ◽  
Jodie Goodman ◽  
Mike Daube
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Indigenous Australian ◽  
Media Portrayal ◽  
The Media ◽  
Deaths In Custody ◽  
Negative Subject

It is acknowledged that health outcomes for Australian Indigenous peoples are lower than those of non-Indigenous Australians. Research suggests negative media in relation to Indigenous Australians perpetuates racist stereotypes among the wider population and impacts on the health of Indigenous Australians. This study examined the media portrayal of Indigenous Australian public health issues in selected media over a twelve month period and found that, overwhelmingly, the articles were negative in their portrayal of Indigenous health. A total of 74 percent of the coverage of Australian Indigenous related articles were negative, 15 percent were positive, and 11 percent were neutral. The most common negative subject descriptors related to alcohol, child abuse, petrol sniffing, violence, suicide, deaths in custody, and crime.

scholarly journals POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE ATENÇÃO À SAÚDE INDÍGENA NO BRASIL: contribuição a um debate permanente

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 878
Author(s):  
Daniele Gruska Benevides Prata ◽  
João Tadeu de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Western Medicine ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Indigenous Medicine ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
The Subject

Os povos indígenas brasileiros estão entre os segmentos da população em maioria, pois são vítimas desde o período da colonização de violências das mais diversas. A Constituição Federal de 1988 trouxe a adoção de medidas protetivas aos povos indígenas e de direitos diferenciados, como a saúde. Este artigo tem o objetivo de compreender como funciona a saúde indígena e quais seus mecanismos regulatórios, com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental em publicações disponíveis no Portal da CAPES e em outras fontes. Usa os descritores “saúde indígena”, “políticas públicas de saúde indígena” e “Lei Arouca”. Seleciona publicações que tratavam do assunto desde 1999 até o ano de 2019. Um dos principais desafios, conforme esta reflexão, é aliar a medicina ocidental aos princípios das etnomedicinas, possibilitando um atendimento de qualidade para os povos.Palavras-chave: Saúde indígena. Políticas Públicas de Saúde Indígena. Medicina tradicional indígena. Direitos garantidos.PUBLIC POLICIES FOR THE ATTENDANCE OF INDIGENOUS HEALTH IN BRAZIL: contribution to a permanent debateAbstractBrazilian indigenous peoples are among the largest segments of the population, as they have been victims since the period of colonization of the most diverse types of violence. The Federal Constitution of 1988 brought the adoption of protective measures to indigenous peoples and differentiated rights, such as health. This article aims to understand how indigenous health works and what its regulatory mechanisms are, based on bibliographic and documentary research in publications available on the CAPES Portal and other sources. The descriptors “indigenous health”, “public indigenous health policies” and “Lei Arouca” were used. This article selected publications that dealt with the subject from 1999 to 2019. One of the main challenges, according to this reflection, is to combine Western medicine with the principles of ethnomedicines, enabling quality care for people.Keywords: Indigenous health. Public Indigenous Health Policies. Traditional indigenous medicine. Guaranteed Rights.

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