scholarly journals De la teoría y la aplicación lingüística a la construcción de la dignidad y los derechos humanos

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-171
Author(s):  
Ana María Rodino
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
World Languages ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
Educational Linguistics ◽  
Dialectical Reasoning ◽  
Rights Discourse ◽  
Human Rights Discourse

La ciencia lingüística no dejó una marca particular, fácilmente identificable en el constructo de dignidad humana consagrado en la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos. Su contribución fue más bien indirecta, inspiradora y principista, pero significativa porque hizo un doble aporte. Primero, se sumó a otras fuentes que respaldaron el discurso de los derechos humanos en la idea de dignidad como rasgo distintivo de los seres humanos. Segundo, contribuyó al razonamiento dialéctico que ese discurso construyó entre semejanza y diferencias para articular las dimensiones de la persona: miembro de la especie, integrante de una sociedad, e individuo autónomo. Sobre lo primero, la Lingüística y la Sociolingüística ofrecieron conocimientos científicos sobre las particularidades de la especie humana que hacen a sus miembros seres dignos de reconocimiento y protección. Enfatizaron nuestra unidad como especie singular (homo loquens, hombre que habla) a la vez que distinguieron nuestras diferencias como individuos y grupos sociales hablantes de distintas lenguas. Así, el estudio científico del lenguaje y las lenguas permitió conocer mejor a sus hablantes, sus facultades y creaciones, y a caracterizarlos como individuos libres, iguales y también cooperativos, en cuanto constructores de sociedades. Sobre lo segundo, estas disciplinas ejemplificaron un discurso elaborado que reconoció nuestra semejanza esencial como familia humana –la facultad del lenguaje— en oposición y a la vez en complementación con nuestras diferencias evidentes como sociedades e individuos hablantes –las distintas lenguas naturales del planeta y las distintas variedades de cada lengua natural—. Articularon los dos reconocimientos en un discurso dialéctico e integrador, que no negó las tensiones entre ellos, pero tampoco las presentó como irresolubles. Las explicó y propuso políticas superadoras, sociales y educativas. De tal forma impulsaron su desarrollo como ciencias y también el discurso de los derechos humanos.     From Linguistic Theory and ApplicationTowards the Construction of Dignity and Human Rights Linguistic science did not leave a particular, easily detectable mark in the human dignity construct acknowledged by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Its contribution was mainly indirect, inspirational, and of principle but significant since it made a double contribution. First, it added to other sources supporting the human rights discourse in the notion of dignity as a distinctive feature of human beings.  Second, it contributed to the dialectical reasoning the human rights discourse developed between similarity and differences in order to articulate the various dimensions of a person: member of the human species, participant of a society, and autonomous individual.   About the first, Linguistics and Sociolinguistics put forward scientific knowledge about the particularities of the human species that make its members creatures deserving recognition and protection. They emphasized our unity as a singular species (homo loquens, speaking man) while at the same time distinguished our differences as individuals and social groups speaking different languages. Therefore, the scientific study of language and natural languages allowed a better understanding of their speakers, their faculties and creations, and their portrayal as individuals who are free, equal and also cooperative as society builders.  About the second, these scientific disciplines displayed a complex discourse recognizing our essential similarity as members of the human family –the faculty of language— in contrast with our visible differences as societies and speakers –the different world languages, and the different varieties within each language. Both recognitions were articulated in an including and dialectic discourse, which neither denied the tensions between them nor presented them as unsolvable. Such a discourse explained the tensions while proposing comprehensive social and educational policies to deal with them. In such a way these sciences further their  development, and the development of the human rights discourse. Keywords: Linguistics. Sociolinguistics. Educational Linguistics. Dignity. Human Rights. Pandemic

scholarly journals Tolerance – a Culturally Dependent Concept?

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trond Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
Japanese Culture ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Social Rules ◽  
Moral Environment ◽  
Rights Discourse ◽  
Human Rights Discourse

This article presents research on Japanese interpretations of the first article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a point of departure for discussing how the Japanese cultural contexts present an alternative understanding of tolerance to the Western liberal. According to Rainer Forst, tolerance is a normatively dependent concept (Forst 2010). This implies that the specific cultural values or the ‘normative context’ and environment become relevant. Since the praxis of tolerance always takes place in a specific cultural and moral environment, the cultural context influences how tolerance is carried out in practice as well as the norms defining its limits. Japanese informants held that cultural norms and values in Japan differ somewhat from those in the West. They perceived the human rights discourse as culturally dependent and culturally marked and clearly considered the first article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to be a product of Western thought. It states that ‘All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in the spirit of brotherhood’ (United Nations 1948). While the role of tolerance in Western political philosophy seems to be attached to liberal values of autonomy and freedom, the Confucian-influenced environment in Japan places more emphasis on inter-dependency, cultivation, and learning social rules and proper-place-occupation as bases for moral conduct and deserving of respect. According to the Japanese informants, people are not ‘born with rights’ or ‘born free and equal’. Maintaining harmony, consensus, and proper behaviour according to relationships and hierarchy creates a different kind of setting for tolerance. The inter-dependent perspectives of Japanese culture may restrain freedom and can thus be expected to limit toleration of divergent views or behaviour. The culture-specific perception of human nature with an ‘inter-dependent construal of self’, counts as a context for tolerance. Also, it could be argued that Japanese religion is less doctrinal and absolute, and particularistic morality prevails. In the Japanese setting, the coexistence of competing truth systems seems to be more easily tolerated. This may broaden the room for tolerance. The cultural values defining ‘the good’ vary, implying that culture counts when the limits for tolerance are drawn. What is valued is culturally dependent, thus directing what is tolerated.        

Brief Note: Human rights and social work

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 667-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Skegg
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
Grey Area ◽  
Rights Discourse ◽  
Human Rights Discourse

Some social commentators are divided over whether human rights discourse is a powerful and valuable tool or just another form of western imposition. While navigating the grey area between respecting cultural diversity and upholding human rights is not easy, it can be done. Furthermore, it is important that it is. French Les opinions des commentateurs sociaux sur le discours des droits de la personne sont partagées: s'agit-il d'un outil valable et puissant ou d'une autre contrainte occidentale? Bien qu'il ne soit pas facile de tenir une position dans la zone grise se situant entre la diversité culturelle et le respect des droits de la personne, il est possible de le faire. En fait, il est important de le faire. Spanish Los comentaristas sociales están divididos sobre si el discurso de los derechos humanos es un instrumento poderoso e importante o simplemente otra forma más de imposición occidental. Navegar el área gris entre el respeto a la diversidad cultural y la defensa de los derechos humanos no es fácil, sin embargo es hacedero. Y mucho importa que así sea.

Geopoetics, Geopolitics, and Violence: (Un)Mapping Daniel Alarcón’sLost City Radio

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 186-201
Author(s):  
Tamara L. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Lost City ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
Rights Discourse ◽  
Human Rights Discourse ◽  
Violent Conflicts

Daniel Alarcón’s 2007 novel Lost City Radio positions post-civil-conflict Peru in relation to episodes of violence from across the globe by deploying two opposing cartographic impulses. First, the unnamed fictional nation of the novel shares historical, topographical, and sociopolitical traits with modern Peru. At the same time, the text refuses tidy association with Peru, principally by folding violent conflicts from a host of geopolitical spaces into the fictional nation via journalistic ekphrasis. This results in a unique geopoetics that serves to catalyze the localized reality of postconflict Peru as a means of interrogating the efficacy of human rights discourse in the neoliberal era on a global scale and bringing into focus the current inequity of responses to the global refugee crisis.En la novela Lost City Radio (2007) de Daniel Alarcón, el Perú de la posguerra se representa en relación con episodios de violencia de diversos países a través de dos impulsos cartográficos contradictorios. La nación ficticia (sin nombre) comparte rasgos históricos, topográficos y sociopolíticos con el Perú contemporáneo. A la vez, la novela no permite asociación simple con el Perú al incorporar conflictos violentos en diversos espacios geopolíticos a través de la écfrasis periodística. El resultado es una geopoética única que sirve para catalizar la realidad local del Perú de la posguerra con fin de interrogar la eficacia del discurso de los derechos humanos en la época neoliberal a escala global y puntualizar la crisis global de refugiados.

scholarly journals Antes de que anochezca. Derechos humanos y clases medias en Argentina antes y en los inicios del golpe de Estado de 1976

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastián Carassai
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
Coup D'etat ◽  
Social Conscience ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
Rights Discourse ◽  
Human Rights Discourse

RESUMEN: En este trabajo se analiza el tema de los derechos humanos en Argentina antes y durante el comienzo del golpe de Estado de 1976 (1970-1977). Se argumenta que la inexistencia de una conciencia social sobre tales derechos en la primera mitad de la década y el temprano y extendido consenso en torno a lo que más tarde se llamará «teoría de los dos demonios» son dos elementos fundamentales a la hora de explicar la actitud de las clases medias no radicalizadas políticamente ante el surgimiento del discurso de los derechos humanos en Argentina. ABSTRACT: This study explores the issue of human rights in Argentina in the period before and at the beginning of the 1976 coup d’état (1970-1977). It claims that the absence of a social conscience about human rights in the first part of the decade and the early and huge consensus about what later would be called «the two demons theory» are two essential elements to explain the attitude of the middle classes not involved in political struggle toward the emergence of a human rights discourse in Argentina.

scholarly journals Identity and dignity within the human rights discourse: An anthropological and praxis approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Louw
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Imago Dei ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Rights Discourse ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Practical Theological ◽  
Human Rights Discourse

The theological discourse mostly focuses on the moral and ethical framework for human rights and human dignity. In order to give theological justification to the value and dignity of human beings, most theologians point to the imago Dei as theological starting point for the design of an anthropology on human dignity. Within the paradigmatic framework of democracy, human dignity and human rights have become interchangeable concepts. This article aimed to focus not on ethics but on aesthetics: man as homo aestheticus, as well as the praxis question regarding the quality of human dignity within the network of human relationships. It was argued that human dignity is more fundamental than human rights. Dignity as an anthropological construct should not reside in the first place in the imago Dei and its relationship to Christology and incarnation theology. Human dignity, human rights and human identity are embedded in the basic human quest for meaning (teleology). As such, human dignity should, in a practical theological approach to anthropology, be dealt with from the aesthetic perspective of charisma, thus the option for inhabitational theology. As an anthropological category, human dignity should be viewed from the perspective of pneumatology within the networking framework of a �spiritual humanism�. In this regard, the theology of the Dutch theologian A.A. van Ruler, and especially his seminal 1968 work Ik geloof, should be revisited by a pneumatic anthropology within the parameters of practical theology.

scholarly journals THE (UN)PROTECTING AND (DIS)EMPOWERING POTENTIAL OF THE LAW AND HUMAN RIGHTS DISCOURSE WITHIN SOCIAL JUSTICE AND LAND CLAIMS

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (27) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Liliana Sanchez-Mejia
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Land Claims ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
The Law ◽  
Rights Discourse ◽  
Human Rights Discourse

<p>Este artículo explora los efectos potenciales del uso de los derechos humanos en la formulación de reclamos de cambio social. El discurso de los derechos humanos ofrece una concepción de justicia social fundamentada en dignidad e igualdad. Por lo tanto, invocar los derechos humanos puede apoyar reclamos de justicia social y de protección del derecho a la tierra. En la realidad, los efectos del uso de los derechos humanos implica no sólo beneficios, sino también dilemas y riesgos para las movilizaciones sociales y políticas. Este artículo sostiene que el derecho y los derechos humanos no parecen una estrategia ideal para lograr el cambio social y la protección del derecho a la tierra. Sin embargo, en algunos contextos, este discurso contribuye a empoderar a las personas o grupos tradicionalmente excluidos, haciendo visibles situaciones injustas y ofreciendo una realidad alternativa fundamentada en igualdad o dignidad. Al menos este discurso puede convertirse en un símbolo que inspira la movilización social.</p>

scholarly journals Cuando los niños se vuelven migrantes: Niñez detenida en México y dislocación del discurso de derechos humanos

Norteamérica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Ortega Velázquez
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
Rights Discourse ◽  
Human Rights Discourse

This article aims to argument the dislocation of the human rights discourse in relation to migrant children detained in Mexico. For those purposes, first the dislocation of the human rights discourse for migrant persons will be theoretically studied. Second, the construction of the human rights discourse of migrant children through three premises will be analyzed: 1) children are subjects of law and require that States adopt special measures for their protection due to their age; 2) all children, all rights; and 3) children detention can only be used as a last resource and absolutely outstanding measure. Third, normative and practical dislocation of the human rights discourse of migrant children in Mexico will be approached. And fourth, three possible alternatives –legal, practical and political– for the articulation of the human rights discourse for migrant children will be proposed so that it can be used to protect them and claim their rights.

Housing as a Basic Human Right: A Reflection on South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mziwandile Sobantu ◽  
Nqobile Zulu ◽  
Ntandoyenkosi Maphosa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Rights Discourse ◽  
Human Rights Discourse

This paper reflects on human rights in the post-apartheid South Africa housing context from a social development lens. The Constitution guarantees access to adequate housing as a basic human right, a prerequisite for the optimum development of individuals, families and communities. Without the other related socio-economic rights, the provision of access to housing is limited in its service delivery. We argue that housing rights are inseparable from the broader human rights discourse and social development endeavours underway in the country. While government has made much progress through the Reconstruction and Development Programme, the reality of informal settlements and backyard shacks continues to undermine the human rights prospects of the urban poor. Forced evictions undermine some poor citizens’ human rights leading courts to play an active role in enforcing housing and human rights through establishing a jurisprudence that invariably advances a social development agenda. The authors argue that the post-1994 government needs to galvanise the citizenship of the urban poor through development-oriented housing delivery.

The Internationalization Of Human Rights And The Importance Of Normative Dialogues Between International And National Courts

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Mariane Morato Stival ◽  
Marcos André Ribeiro ◽  
Daniel Gonçalves Mendes da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
National Courts ◽  
European Court ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
Rights Discourse ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Human Rights Discourse

This article intends to analyze in the context of the complexity of the process of internationalization of human rights, the definitions and tensions between cultural universalism and relativism, the essence of human rights discourse, its basic norms and an analysis of the normative dialogues in case decisions involving violations of human rights in international tribunals such as the European Court of Human Rights, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and national courts. The well-established dialogue between courts can bring convergences closer together and remove differences of opinion on human rights protection. A new dynamic can occur through a complementarity of one court with respect to the other, even with the different characteristics between the legal orders.

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