scholarly journals Quantitative Literacy: A Tool for Survival

Numeracy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gizem Karaali
Keyword(s):  
Decision Maker ◽  
Habits Of Mind ◽  
Quantitative Literacy ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Final Answer ◽  
Changing World

In the context of a global pandemic, the need for quantitative literacy has become more urgent. QL and QL-adjacent habits of mind, such as awareness of the limitations of data and modeling, are vital tools of survival that can help people understand today's fast-changing world and make decisions about next actions, in particular in relation to the ongoing protests supporting the #BlackLivesMatter movement. QL does not provide a final answer to most human questions, but it can be an invaluable guide for each individual decision maker.

scholarly journals The Good Decision-Maker or Protecting the System

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-185
Author(s):  
Laura Affolter
Keyword(s):  
Decision Maker ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Good Decision ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Active Search ◽  
The Common

AbstractThis chapter explores how “digging deep”, which stands for the active “search for” inconsistencies in asylum seekers’ narratives in asylum interviews, becomes the morally correct thing for decision-makers to do. Building on Eckert (The Bureaucratic Production of Difference. transcript, Bielefeld, pp. 7–26, 2020) I challenge the depiction of bureaucracies as anethical and amoral. Ethics I understand not in a normative, but rather in an empirical sense, as the common good the administration is oriented towards. The chapter brings to light how particularly through fairness—both as a procedural norm and ethical value—digging deep is established as a routine, professionally necessary and desirable practice, which is connected to decision-makers’ role as “protectors of the system”. I argue that digging deep actively generates the “liars” and “false refugees” it sets out to “uncover”, thereby reinforcing the perception that, indeed, there “are” many false refugees which, again, strengthens the office’s and individual decision-makers’ endeavours to identify and exclude them from asylum.

scholarly journals Group Decision Support System Using The Analytic Network Process and Borda Methods for Selecting

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Beta Yudha Mahindarta ◽  
Retantyo Wardoyo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Support System ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Group Decision Support System ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Selection Of

The amount of land for the current location of housing development has resulted in developers choosing the location of housing development regardless of the condition of the land, infrastructure, socio-economic. To overcome this problem a computer system is needed in the form of a GDSS that can assist in the selection of Housing Development Locations.This study aims to implement a GDSS with ANP and Borda methods to determine the selection of the right and fast housing development location. GDSS is needed because there are 3 Individual Decision Makers, DM-1  assessing based on Land Conditions, DM-2 assessing Infrastructure-based, DM-3 assess the Socio-Economic and Decision Maker based groups to make the final decision. The ANP method is used to weight the criteria from each alternative location, to the alternative ranking of housing construction locations for each individual Decision Maker. The Borda method is used to combine the results of ranking carried out by the Group Decision Maker so that it gets the final ranking as a determinant of the Location of Housing Development.The final result of this research is a decision support system that can help developers to get a priority recommendation according to the needs of the developer.

Effects of Group and Relationship on Perceptions of Stability

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Foster ◽  
Svenn Lindskold
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Introductory Psychology ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Equal Status

Introductory psychology students, 52 men and 52 women, made estimates of the consistency of a decision-maker in 24 hypothetical social influence situations. The decision-maker was either a group or an individual, and the petitioner who was attempting to influence a change in decisions was in either a weak or equal status relationship with the decision-maker. As hypothesized, subjects predicted that group decision-makers would be less likely to change than would individual decision-makers. Subjects also predicted greater consistency on the part of the decision-maker when the petitioner was weak than when he was equal in status with the decision-maker. There were interaction effects of sex of subject and sex of characters on stability predictions.

DETERMINING AGGREGATE CRITERIA WEIGHTS FROM CRITERIA RANKINGS BY A GROUP OF DECISION MAKERS

2008 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 769-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
HESHAM K. ALFARES ◽  
SALIH O. DUFFUAA
Keyword(s):  
Decision Maker ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Simple Function ◽  
Decision Criteria ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Criteria Weights ◽  
Empirical Methodology ◽  
Individual Rank

In this paper, we present an empirical methodology to determine aggregate numerical criteria weights from group ordinal ranks of multiple decision criteria. Assuming that such ordinal ranks are obtained from several decision makers, aggregation procedures are proposed to combine individual rank inputs into group criteria weights. In this process, we use previous empirical results for an individual decision maker, in which a simple function provides the weight for each criterion as a function of its rank and the total number of criteria. Using a set of experiments, weight aggregation procedures are proposed and empirically compared for two cases: (i) when all the decision makers rank the same set of criteria, and (ii) when they rank different subsets of criteria. The proposed methodology can be used to determine relative weights for any set of criteria, given only criteria ranks provided by several decision makers.

Practical Knowledge

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Kosslyn
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
Habits Of Mind ◽  
Cognitive Tool ◽  
Effective Interactions ◽  
Changing World

A common critique of universities is that they do not adequately prepare most students for life after graduation. In response to this critique, Minerva has focused its curriculum on “practical knowledge.” Practical knowledge consists of skills and information that one can use to achieve one’s own goals; practical knowledge allows one to adapt to a changing world, succeeding at jobs that may not even exist yet. To provide students with a broad and powerful “cognitive tool kit” to help them achieve their goals, we identified four core competencies, namely critical thinking, creative thinking, effective communication and effective interactions. Each of these competencies has distinct aspects, which in turn are carried out by collections of “habits of mind” and “foundational concepts.” This chapter reviews the rationale for this approach and provides detailed examples of a set of well-defined learning objectives.

What Counts as the Same?

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-32
Author(s):  
Adam B. Seligman ◽  
Robert P. Weller
Keyword(s):  
Decision Maker ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
The Individual

This chapter begins by exploring the multiple forms and analytic purchases carried by memory, mimesis, and metaphor. It asks what we mean when we say that people share a culture. Rather than beginning with the assumption of the unity of culture or the priority of the individual decision maker, we focus on how people come to perceive things as shared. This is just one facet of our basic underlying question: What counts as the same? What lets two people, or two million people, feel that they have the same culture, or for that matter the same class, gender, race, religion, or any other category? This is not actually a question of how much we actually share but how and when we come to perceive that we share; not what is the same, but what counts as the same.

Torture and the Problem of Dirty Hands

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Meisels
Keyword(s):  
Decision Maker ◽  
Moral Justification ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Dirty Hands ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Contemporary Debate ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Consequentialist Theory ◽  
Moral Theories ◽  
The Individual

This paper looks at the contemporary debate over investigative torture in liberal democracies besieged by terrorism, from the viewpoint of the state leader, politician, judge or individual interrogator, called upon to make life-and-death decisions. It steers away from the classic debate between utilitarians and Kantians regarding moral justification, and, following Michael Walzer presents the issue as a specific case of "the problem of dirty hands in politics". Contra Walzer, the paper suggests, among other things, that the notion of dirty hands functions not only within moral theories that include absolute prohibitions but also within consequentialist theory, and that it is therefore far wider, practically illuminating and more applicable than Walzer originally assumed. Later it addresses Alan Dershowitz’s controversial suggestion requiring judicial "torture warrants", and argues that this too should be viewed in light of the notion of dirty hands rather than within the conventional debate over justifications. Finally, it suggests that, while torture may be morally unjustifiable on anything but purely consequentialist grounds, circumstances may offer the individual decision maker an excuse, rather than a justification, for resorting to torture under very restricted conditions.

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