A Concept-Oriented Analysis of Form-Function and Function-Form Mappings for the L2 Production of Spanish Direct Object Pronouns

2014 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Object ◽  
Function Form ◽  
Form Function ◽  
L2 Production ◽  
And Function ◽  
Object Pronouns

scholarly journals An integrative method for testing form–function linkages and reconstructed evolutionary pathways of masticatory specialization

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (107) ◽  
pp. 20150184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Jack Tseng ◽  
John J. Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Integrate Form ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Form Function ◽  
Evolutionary Pathways ◽  
And Function

Morphology serves as a ubiquitous proxy in macroevolutionary studies to identify potential adaptive processes and patterns. Inferences of functional significance of phenotypes or their evolution are overwhelmingly based on data from living taxa. Yet, correspondence between form and function has been tested in only a few model species, and those linkages are highly complex. The lack of explicit methodologies to integrate form and function analyses within a deep-time and phylogenetic context weakens inferences of adaptive morphological evolution, by invoking but not testing form–function linkages. Here, we provide a novel approach to test mechanical properties at reconstructed ancestral nodes/taxa and the strength and direction of evolutionary pathways in feeding biomechanics, in a case study of carnivorous mammals. Using biomechanical profile comparisons that provide functional signals for the separation of feeding morphologies, we demonstrate, using experimental optimization criteria on estimation of strength and direction of functional changes on a phylogeny, that convergence in mechanical properties and degree of evolutionary optimization can be decoupled. This integrative approach is broadly applicable to other clades, by using quantitative data and model-based tests to evaluate interpretations of function from morphology and functional explanations for observed macroevolutionary pathways.

Dialects of Written Arabic: Syntactic differences in the treatment of object pronouns in Egyptian and Levantine newspapers

Arabica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wilmsen
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Free Object ◽  
Regional Newspapers ◽  
Syntactic Differences ◽  
Syntactic Difference ◽  
Object Pronouns

AbstractDespite the notion that written Arabic is invariable across the Arab world, a few researchers, using large corpora to discover patterns of usage, have demonstrated regional differences in Arabic writing. While most such research has focussed upon the lexicon, this corpus-based study examines a syntactic difference between Egyptian and Levantine writing: the treatment of object pronouns. A search of an entire year of writing in regional newspapers found that Levantine writers tend to use the free object pronoun iyyā-, placing the direct object after the indirect, about twice as often as Egyptian writers do, who for their part prefer to place the direct object before the indirect. A proposed reason for this is that the free object pronoun is used to mark the direct object in spoken Levantine vernaculars but not in Egyptian. This seems to indicate that local spoken vernaculars exert a fundamental influence on writing.

Clitics as input to the acquisition of verbal transitivity in French

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-133
Author(s):  
Ana Teresa Pérez-Leroux ◽  
Mihaela Pirvulescu ◽  
Yves Roberge ◽  
Nelleke Strik
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Verb Learning ◽  
Object Position ◽  
Direct Objects ◽  
Object Pronouns

Abstract We investigate the effect of French clitic construction on verb learning. In French, object pronouns precede the verb, and the canonical direct object position remains empty. We test whether children treat such contexts as input for transitivity (since a direct object is morphologically identified) or optional transitivity (due to the empty direct object position). Forty-eight monolingual French preschoolers heard verb input with clitics and noun phrases as direct objects, in two input conditions: obligatory transitivity, and mixed optional transitivity. Results show that children are sensitive to the input, but produce more sentences with null implicit objects in the clitic conditions. This provides evidence that specific properties of a language (e.g. clitic constructions), affect the acquisition of verbal classes.

Cleft Sentences: Form, Function, and Translation

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Information Structure ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Semantic Transparency ◽  
Semantic Equivalence ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Form Function ◽  
Sentence Construction ◽  
Ultimate Cause ◽  
And Function

Although cleft sentences are possible constructions in both English and German, they are far more frequent in English texts. Durrell (2002: 479) observes in his Hammer's German Grammar and Usage that “with the exception of the type Er war es, der mich davon abhielt […], cleft sentence constructions sound unnatural in German and should be avoided.” The article discusses the form and function of cleft sentences in the context of other focusing devices. It shows that, although German and English cleft sentences have the same information structure, their stylistic value is very different. Using a short translation, Durrell's observation is confirmed: in translating cleft sentences into German, semantic equivalence is often sacrificed for stylistic appropriateness. Although structural features of both languages are the ultimate cause of the contrast, they cannot explain choices in each individual case. The article argues that structural typology should be complemented with a typology of parole: the respective frequencies of cleft sentences in both languages reflect neatly into the more verbal style, more hierarchical sentence construction and, in certain respects, greater semantic transparency of English texts (by comparison with their German counterparts).*

scholarly journals BENTUK DAN FUNGSI TARI GATHOLOCO KELOMPOK SENI CIPTO BUDOYO KABUPATEN TEMANGGUNG

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenni Wulandari ◽  
Sri Rochana Widyastutieningrum
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Function Theory ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Form Function ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Form Theory ◽  
And Function

AbstrakTari Gatholoco adalah tari kelompok berjenis tradisi rakyat dalam sebuah kelompok seni di Desa Kembangsari. Tari Gatholoco belum diketahui siapa penciptanya dan digarap oleh Badrun tahun 1965 kemudian digarap oleh Tono tahun 1980. Tari Gatholoco menarik karena pola lantai membentuk formasi huruf (terbalik dari arah depan) yang menyusun sebuah kata Temanggung. Juga terdapat gerak penghubung antar gerak satu ke gerak berikutnya dan gerak penghubung untuk perpindahan pola lantai dengan senggakan “sukseskan pembangunan”. Tari Gatholoco memiliki fungsi sosial dalam masyarakat Desa Kembangsari. Penelitian ini menggunakan landasan teori bentuk oleh Suzanne K. Langer dan Sri Rochana Widyastutieningrum dan teori fungsi oleh Raymond Firth. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, merupakan metode penelitian yang menekankan pada telaah mendalam suatu fenomena yang terjadi dengan melakukan wawancara, dokumentasi, pengamatan langsung, pengamatan tidak langsung, dan studi pustaka. Presentasi yang disajikan berupa data dan visual. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat diperoleh gambaran yang berkaitan dengan bentuk sajian dan fungsi sosial tari Gatholoco yang hingga kini masih hidup dan berkembang di kalangan masyarakat Desa Kembangsari. Bentuk sajian tari Gatholoco terdapat gerak yang menggambarkan aktivitas masyarakat sehari hari. Fungsi sosial tari Gatholoco yaitu sebagai sarana kepuasan batin, sarana bersantai dan hiburan, sarana ungkapan jati diri, sarana integratif dan pemersatu, dan sarana pendidikan amat positif di kehidupan masyarakat Desa Kembangsari.Kata kunci: Gatholoco, Bentuk, FungsiAbstractGatholoco Dance is a group dance of the folk-type tradition in an art group in Kembangsari Village. Not yet known who the creator of Gatholoco dance it was cultivated by Badrun in 1965 then tilled by Tono in 1980. Gatholoco dance is very interesting, because pattern floor as like alfabet (upside down from the front) which composes the word means like Temanggung. That dance also relational between one of the movement to the next movement, and then the relational connecting the other movement of the pattern floor it is mean that “successful development”. Gatholoco dance has a sociocultural function in the Kembangsari Village. This research uses the foundation of form theory by Suzanne K. Langer and Sri Rochana Widyastutieningrum and function theory by Raymond Firth. This research uses qualitative method, is a research method that emphasizes in depth study of a phenomenon that occurs by conducting interviews, documentation, direct observation, indirect observation, and literature study. Presentation is presented in the form of data and visual. The results of this study can be obtained a picture relating to the form of course and social function of Gatholoco dance which until now is still alive and growing among the people of Kembangsari Village. There is a movement that describes the daily activities of society in the form of Gatholoco dance course. The social function of Gatholoco dance is as a mean of inner satisfaction, means of relaxation and entertainment, means of expression of identity, integrative means and unifier, means of educational, means of healing, symbolic means of meaning and power, and means of integration in chaotic times are very positive in the life of the community of Kembangsari Village.Keywords: Gatholoco, Form, Function.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Function-Form in The Expression of Architectural Creation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy Trisno ◽  
Fermanto Lianto
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Function Form ◽  
Material Technology ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Concept Of Function ◽  
Single Method ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

<div>In the Postmodern era there are diverse forms of architecture, which is also related to. structural and material technology that is developing so rapidly. The method used is the analysis of architectural theories to find the relationship between Function‐Form, whether: </div><div>1) The concept of Form follows Function; </div><div>2) The concept of Function follows Form; </div><div>3) The concept of Form and Function runs together. </div><div><br></div><div>The relation between the concept of Function and Form will result in the meaning of the architectural work itself. The conclusion is: in architectural design there is no exact rule whether the Function must follow the Form, or Form must follow the Function, or Function and Form run side by side, but the relationships between Function and Form merge into a single method towards the expression of architectural Form, so that this Function‐Form relationship will be interpreted by the observer towards the expression of the architectural creation itself. The findings in this study are to give architectural designers freedom regarding the relationship between Function‐Form. However, the most important thing from this relationship is that the meaning must be reflected in the expression of the form that corresponds to the relationship to be achieved. The benefit of this research is that architectural students can know more deeply the relationship between the Function‐Form that will be used in the design, and also for architect practitioners in designing the building.</div>

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF SPATIAL HIERARCHY AND FUNCTION ON THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE MAIN BUILDING OF CIREBON’S KEJAKSAN RAILWAY STATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 229-248
Author(s):  
Nasya Nabilla Aninditya
Keyword(s):  
Function Form ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Main Building ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Spatial Function ◽  
Spatial Hierarchy ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
Main Station ◽  
And Function

Abstract - The Cirebon region was once one of the centers for sugar plantations on Java. In the middle of the 19th century the town of Cirebon developed an urban area revolving around the food industry whose main products were sugar and ice. To facilitate the distribution of sugar in large quantities, the State Railway Service built the Cirebon Railway Station in the Kejaksan town district. This was designed and built by a Dutch architect named P.A.J. Mooijen in 1911, in the typical “Indies” style that was in the middle phase of its development. This research study aims to explore the influence of function and hierarchy on its architectural form, namely the main station building on Jalan Siliwangi in the Kejaksan district. The research steps consist of deconstructing and classifying the building, employing Thijs Eversen’s theory concerning Archetypes in Architecture, and an examination of function, form, space and ordering principles as described by Francis D.K. Ching. The result of this interpretation is subsequently linked to various indicators that point toward the Indies style of architecture, as proposed by Hardinoto. The final step consists of showing the connection between spatial function and hierarchy found in the building form. The conclusion indicates that spatial function and hierarchy have indeed had a direct impact on the architectural form examined. This is discernible in the building mass that shows a formal hierarchy in the middle, which is in keeping with the hierarchy of building space. The typical Dutch East Indies building concept featuring the use of symmetrical space, a monumental shape due to the hierarchy in the middle section, and the use of supporting walls can all be found in the main building of this railway station.Keywords: Function, Form, Space, Spatial Hierarchy, Dutch East Indies Style of Architecture

scholarly journals Search for the Relation of Form and Function Using the ForFun Database

2018 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Marie Mikulová ◽  
Eduard Bejček ◽  
Eva Hajičová ◽  
Jarmila Panevová
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
International Workshop ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Form Function ◽  
Theoretical Linguistics ◽  
And Function ◽  
Annotated Corpora ◽  
Function Relation

Abstract The aim of the contribution is to introduce a database of linguistic forms and their functions built with the use of the multi-layer annotated corpora of Czech, the Prague Dependency Treebanks. The purpose of the Prague Database of Forms and Functions (ForFun) is to help the linguists to study the form-function relation, which we assume to be one of the principal tasks of both theoretical linguistics and natural language processing. We demonstrate possibilities of the exploitation of the ForFun database. This article is largely based on a paper presented at the 16th International Workshop on Treebanks and Linguistic Theories in Prague (Bejček et al., 2017).

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