scholarly journals The Measurement of External Accounts

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (132) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Gustavo Adler ◽  
Daniel Garcia-Macia ◽  
Signe Krogstrup
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Current Account ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Profit Shifting ◽  
Current Account Imbalances ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Retained Earnings ◽  
Current Account Balances

Growing international integration in trade and finance can challenge the measurement of external accounts. This paper presents a unified conceptual framework for identifying sources of mismeasurement of foreign investment income in current account balances. The framework allows to derive a precise definition of measurement distortions and an empirical strategy for estimating their importance. As an application, we empirically estimate two specific distortions related to inflation and retained earnings on portfolio equity for a broad set of countries. We find these may explain a non-trivial share of current account imbalances and that they are particularly relevant in countries with large external investment positions. We also discuss how merchanting and profit-shifting activities could lead to measurement distortions. We suggest areas for future research and underline the need to strengthen data collection efforts.

scholarly journals Demographic Changes, Saving, and Current Account in East Asia

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soyoung Kim ◽  
Jong-Wha Lee
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Current Account ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Global Capital ◽  
Current Account Imbalances ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
Saving Rates ◽  
Current Account Balances ◽  
Dependency Rate

This paper analyzes the empirical relationships among demographic changes, saving, and current account balances in East Asia. The panel Vector-Auto Regressive (VAR) model shows that an increase in the dependency rate, especially the elderly dependency rate, significantly lowers saving rates and subsequently worsens current account balances. The result implies that the future aging of the population in East Asia would have a significant impact on global capital flows and current account imbalances.

scholarly journals Unemployment and Current Account Imbalances in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (12, 20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewere F.O. Okungbowa ◽  
◽  
Adesuwa O. Erediauwa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Current Account ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Current Account Deficit ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Current Account Surplus ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Current Account Imbalances ◽  
Current Account Balances ◽  
Account Imbalances

This study explores the link that exists between unemployment and current account imbalances in Nigeria from 1980 to 2014. It adopted the ARDL bounds test approach. The result gave evidence for a long-run relationship between the variables and also revealed a significant and inverse relationship between current account surplus and unemployment. Showing that a 1% increase in current account balances in favour of export will lead to a drop in the unemployment rate by 0.117893%. This, therefore, implies that current account deficit will cause a fall in employment and in turn a rise in the unemployment rate. Consequently, current account deficit leads to wage differentials in favour of the exporting countries as against importing countries, like Nigeria, and as such triggers a high rate of unemployment. We strongly recommend diversification of the country’s export-base which may increase employment opportunities and in turn reduce the unemployment rate. Keywords: Unemployment, Employment, Current Account Balances, Balance of payment, Output growth

scholarly journals A Development Framework for a Conversational Agent to Explore Machine Learning Concepts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse Kok Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conversational Agent ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Science Community ◽  
Definition Of

This study aims to introduce a discussion platform and curriculum designed to help people understand how machines learn. Research shows how to train an agent through dialogue and understand how information is represented using visualization. This paper starts by providing a comprehensive definition of AI literacy based on existing research and integrates a wide range of different subject documents into a set of key AI literacy skills to develop a user-centered AI. This functionality and structural considerations are organized into a conceptual framework based on the literature. Contributions to this paper can be used to initiate discussion and guide future research on AI learning within the computer science community.

MMORPGs in Support of Learning

2010 ◽  
pp. 55-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bodi Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Role Playing Games ◽  
Player Game ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Education Psychology ◽  
And Linguistics

This chapter provides an overview of current massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPG) research and creates a conceptual framework for their use in support of learning. Initially, a definition of MMORPGs in education is considered in light of research to date. Here attention is paid to how MMORPGs differ from most video games in terms of types of player–game interaction, levels of player–player interaction, environments in which interaction occurs, and the ability for MMORPGs to tap into student motivation levels. Based on this definition and considering previous theoretical and empirical studies on MMORPGs from a variety of disciplines, including education, psychology, and linguistics, a conceptual framework for the use of MMORPGs in support of learning is created. Next an overview of current research trends in MMORPGs is examined, concluding with suggestions concerning future research of the use of MMORPGs in support of learning.

scholarly journals Global Imbalances: The Role of Institutions, Financial Development and FDI in the Context of Financial Crises

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Silva ◽  
Xavier Ordeñana ◽  
Paul Vera-Gilces ◽  
Alfredo Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Current Account ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Quality Of Institutions ◽  
Current Account Imbalances ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Current Account Balances

This paper examines the role of the quality of institutions, financial development and FDI on current account imbalances, which narrowed during the Global Financial Crisis. In doing so, we utilize (i) a sample of 49 advanced and emerging economies during 1984–2014; (ii) a novel three-clustered indices of institutional quality and (iii) two measures of financial development, the share of FDI and a measure of financial crisis in addition to standard determinants of the current account. We find that the better the quality of institutions and the greater the financial development, the larger are current account deficits; meanwhile, FDI contributes to boost current account balances. Moreover, financial crisis episodes tend to improve current account balances, particularly for countries that are highly open to trade and to receive FDI, as in the case of advanced economies and East Asian countries.

scholarly journals Developing a Conversational Agent to Explore Machine Learning Concepts

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Ayse Kok Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conversational Agent ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Science Community ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
User Centered

This study aims to introduce a discussion platform and curriculum designed to help people understand how machines learn. Research shows how to train an agent through dialogue and understand how information is represented using visualization. This paper starts by providing a comprehensive definition of AI literacy based on existing research and integrates a wide range of different subject documents into a set of key AI literacy skills to develop a user-centered AI. This functionality and structural considerations are organized into a conceptual framework based on the literature. Contributions to this paper can be used to initiate discussion and guide future research on AI learning within the computer science community.

scholarly journals A Development Framework for a Conversational Agent to Explore Machine Learning Concepts

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ayse Kok Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conversational Agent ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Science Community ◽  
Definition Of

This study aims to introduce a discussion platform and curriculum designed to help people understand how machines learn. Research shows how to train an agent through dialogue and understand how information is represented using visualization. This paper starts by providing a comprehensive definition of AI literacy based on existing research and integrates a wide range of different subject documents into a set of key AI literacy skills to develop a user-centered AI. This functionality and structural considerations are organized into a conceptual framework based on the literature. Contributions to this paper can be used to initiate discussion and guide future research on AI learning within the computer science community.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Meta-Study of a Decade of the Holistic Ecological Approach to Talent Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 24-39
Author(s):  
Niels B. Feddersen ◽  
Robert Morris ◽  
Noora Ronkainen ◽  
Stig Arve Sæther ◽  
Martin Littlewood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Talent Development ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Collection Strategies

The Holistic-Ecological Approach (HEA) was introduced in 2010, and it is now important to provide a critical review after a decade of research elaborating on the framework. The purpose of this study was to critically assess the methodological and theoretical trends in research using the HEA in the study of athletic talent development environments (ATDE). We used a qualitative meta-study to review twelve studies published from 2010 to the first quarter of 2021. Our meta-theory analysis found that future studies should consider the use of Bronfenbrenner’s work on development and address previous critiques on its use since it can limit the potential of the HEA re-search. In the meta-methods, we found that all studies used multiple and varied data collection strategies (e.g., interviews, observations, organisational documents). We also found a high degree of transparency and rigour exemplified by using multiple validity strategies. Method weaknesses were an underrepresentation of neutral or negative cases. The meta-data analysis showed that most ATDEs were classified as successful or unsuccessful ahead of data collection, suggesting potential confirmation bias. We also found that all ATDEs had competing findings, which suggests a need for exploring negative or ambiguous findings. Future research could benefit from clarifying the use of underlying theoretical assumptions; contrasting findings with neutral cases, outliers, and negative cases to clarify the definition of successful ATDEs; and expanding on the methodological approach.

Mapping the domain of the fragmented field of internal branding

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathima Zahara Saleem ◽  
Oriol Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Employer Branding ◽  
Internal Branding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Communities ◽  
General Management ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to build a comprehensive conceptual framework of internal branding, to demarcate this field from employer branding and to develop an updated definition of internal branding that incorporates the findings of the literature review and emerging views in branding. Design/methodology/approach – This research conducts a systematic review of the internal branding and employer branding literature following previously established procedures. Findings – The major findings of this research are that internal branding comprises five key components within a supportive corporate culture, namely, brand ideologies, brand leadership, brand-centred human resource management (HRM), internal brand communication and internal brand communities; and that internal branding is related yet distinct from employer branding in its discipline, focus, components, outcomes and the role of the brand. The paper concludes with a comprehensive definition of internal branding derived from the conceptual framework and recent trends in branding, in addition to directed suggestions for future research in the field. Research limitations/implications – This research highlights areas for future research within internal branding, including the need for further research on internal brand communities and how brands can “internally brand” brand partners. Practical implications – The research highlights the company-wide and brand partner-wide effort required in internal branding, in addition to the necessity of a supportive corporate culture. Originality/value – This is the first review of internal branding and employer branding that aims to differentiate between the constructs and build a conceptual framework of internal branding, by drawing from the fields of HRM, marketing, branding and general management.

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