scholarly journals Gomphonella olivacea (Bacillariophyceae) – a new phylogenetic position for a well-known taxon, its typification, new species and combinations

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regine Jahn ◽  
Wolf-Henning Kusber ◽  
Oliver Skibbe ◽  
Jonas Zimmermann ◽  
Anh Tu Van ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Lake Balaton ◽  
The Family ◽  
Clonal Cultures ◽  
German Waters ◽  
Scanning Electron

Background and aims – Within the project “German Barcode of Life – Diatoms” common diatoms of German waters were routinely isolated and cultivated. In order to understand the taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Gomphonema, one of the most common taxa of Central Europe, known currently either under the name Gomphonema olivaceum in Europe or Gomphoneis olivacea in America, was studied. Methods – Twenty unialgal strains were established from five different water bodies in Germany and one from Lake Balaton, Hungary, which supplied molecular data (18S V4 and rbcL) besides morphometric and ultrastructural data. In addition, on eight populations from different water bodies including the type from Denmark, morphometric and micromorphological studies by light and scanning electron microscopy were performed. Key results – Molecular and micromorphological data show that the target taxon neither belongs to Gomphonema Ehrenb. nor to Gomphoneis Cleve. By reinstating the genus name Gomphonella Rabenh., the nomenclatural and taxonomic enigma of this taxon is solved, and with the presentation of the type by Hornemann the authorship of the epithet is clarified. Molecular data for the unialgal strains and several environmental clones show that there is more diversity in the Gomphonella olivacea clade than can be identified morphologically. In addition, the establishment of the new species Gomphonella coxiae and Gomphonella acsiae is supported. The molecular data classified Gomphonella species as belonging to the Cymbellales but not to the Gomphonemataceae. In addition, molecular data put Gomphoneis tegelensis R.Jahn & N.Abarca also into Gomphonella. In order to make the genera Gomphoneis and Gomphonema monophyletic, their astigmate members are transferred to Gomphonella. Conclusions – The results clarify that the gomphonemoid outline is not restricted to the family Gomphonemataceae but seem to be distributed across the entire order Cymbellales. This is shown in this paper for the revived genus Gomphonella, which contains the astigmate group of Gomphoneis and Gomphonema besides the longly disputed G. olivacea. Only a polyphasic approach, combining molecular and micromorphological data for taxonomy, nomenclatural evaluation, and observations from clonal cultures can reveal the full intricacies of evolutionary relations.

Unexpected rDNA divergence between two morphologically minimalistic nematodes with description of a new species (Tylenchomorpha: Tylenchidae)

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaikai Qiao ◽  
Mengxin Bai ◽  
Qiu Wang ◽  
Xiangyu Hou ◽  
Jingwei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Long Branch Attraction ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Phenotypic Convergence

Summary Species of the family Tylenchidae are encountered in large numbers in soils. The genus Labrys was recently described characterised by a remarkable lip pattern that differs from all other known Tylenchidae genera. Here we describe a curious new species, Labrys fujianensis sp. n., that morphologically fits the genus Labrys but which is genetically divergent. The phylogeny was inferred based on 18S and 28S rDNA and light and scanning electron microscopy were used to extract detailed morphologies. The phylogenetic position of this species and its phenotypic convergence are discussed. The possibility of a long-branch attraction artefact was inspected both by removal of variable nucleotide sites and monophyletic testing of topologies. The results confirmed the divergent positioning of the presented species and it is demonstrated that the genetic diversity in Tylenchidae may be much higher than expected due to morphological homoplasy.

scholarly journals Three new species of Pleurothallis (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) in subsection Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae from northern South America

Lankesteriana ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Wilson ◽  
Luis Baquero ◽  
Katharine Dupree ◽  
Marco M. Jiménez ◽  
Cheryl M. LeBlanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northern South America ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Scanning Electron

The history of the taxonomy of Pleurothallis R.Br. subsection Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae and recent descriptions in that group are summarized. The phylogenetic position of the group based on preliminary molecular data and the appropriateness of the proposed genera Acronia C.Presl. and Zosterophyllanthos Szlach. & Marg. for this group are discussed. Three new species from northern South America are described: Pleurothallis rubrifolia from southeastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru; Pleurothallis nangaritzae from southeastern Ecuador; and Pleurothallis castanea. Labellar micromorphology examined by scanning electron microscopy for P. rubrifolia and P. nangaritzae is discussed in relation to taxonomy and possible pollinator interactions.

A new species of Malenchus (Nematoda: Tylenchomorpha) with an updated phylogeny of the Tylenchidae

Nematology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 815-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Qing ◽  
Tiago J. Pereira ◽  
Dieter Slos ◽  
Marjolein Couvreur ◽  
Wim Bert
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
New Species ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Alignment Method ◽  
The Family ◽  
Branch Support ◽  
Tree Topologies ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Scanning Electron

Summary The family Tylenchidae is one of most abundant and diverse nematode groups found in soil habitats. In this study, a new species named Malenchus cylindricus sp. n. is described based on light and scanning electron microscopy and molecular data. The new species is characterised by elongate-cylindrical vulva-anus body shape and a narrow annulation. We updated the phylogeny of Tylenchidae by including molecular data for the rare genera Miculenchus and Tenunemellus and by improving the morphological characterisation of the genus Lelenchus. Additionally, we compared the effect of alignment methods on the tree topologies and branch support values. The results suggest that the position of subfamily Ecphyadophorinae within Tylenchidae needs to be further revised. Phylogenies inferred from different sequence-based alignments were relatively more similar (i.e., tree topology and branch support) to one another than to secondary structure-aided methods. Finally, conflicting branch support values can be reconciled by properly selecting the alignment method.

A new species of Epithemia Kützing (Bacillariophyceae, Rhopalodiales) from the Mula river, Western Ghats, India, with comments on the phylogenetic position of Rhopalodia and Epithemia

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 489 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-181
Author(s):  
ANBUKKARASU VIGNESHWARAN ◽  
YAN LIU ◽  
JOHN PATRICK KOCIOLEK ◽  
BALASUBRAMANIAN KARTHICK
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
New Species ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Outline Shape ◽  
Specific Position ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Scanning Electron

A new species, Epithemia agharkarii sp. nov., is described from the Mula River, Western Ghats, India. The new species is described based on light and scanning electron microscopy; it is characterized by having lanceolate to slightly elliptical valves with rounded apices and being 16–38 μm long and 12.5–17.5 μm wide. Based on morphology, especially the atypical position of the raphe, it is similar to E. reicheltii. The new species is differentiated from the latter by the valve outline, shape of the apices, specific position of the raphe and breadth. We discuss the possible phylogenetic position of these two taxa and recent proposals related to the classification of Rhopalodia and Epithemia.

Nematodes from the Gulf of California. Part 1. The genera Ceramonema Cobb, 1920, Pselionema Cobb in Cobb, 1933 and Pterygonema Gerlach, 1954 (Nematoda: Ceramonematidae)

Nematology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Mundo-Ocampo ◽  
Irma Tandingan De Ley ◽  
Axayácatl Rocha-Olivares ◽  
James Baldwin ◽  
Oleksandr Holovachov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
New Species ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Morphology And Morphometry ◽  
One New Species ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe morphology and morphometry of nematodes of six species of the family Ceramonematidae is described using light and scanning electron microscopy. In this paper, we describe two new species and redescribe two known species of Ceramonema and one new species each of Pselionema and Pterygonema. Ceramonema altogolfi sp. n. is characterised by the 0.8-1.3 mm long body, 187-247 body annules, weakly developed zygapophyses, presence of intracuticular vacuoles, sexual dimorphism in amphid shape, presence of vaginal sclerotisation, complex gubernaculum and relatively uniform anal and cloacal annules, whilst C. inguinispina sp. n. has a 0.8-1.1 mm long body, 135-191 body annules, weakly developed zygapophyses, presence of intracuticular vacuoles, sexual dimorphism in amphid shape, absence of vaginal sclerotisation, thorn-shaped precloacal projection, plate-like gubernaculum and double cloacal annule. Pselionema psednum sp. n. is distinguished by 1.4-1.7 mm long body, 251-292 body annules, weakly developed zygapophyses, absence of intracuticular vacuoles, sexual dimorphism in amphid shape and Pterygonema mexicanum sp. n. is characterised by having amphids lacking a central thorn-like projection and pharynx with a distinct posterior glandular bulb. Populations of Ceramonema rectum and Ceramonema cf. yunfengi are also described. The male cloacal region of the species examined appears to be a rich potential source of taxonomic characters that have as yet received insufficient attention for this family.

scholarly journals Hantzschia subandina Frenguelli (Bacillariophyceae): Morphology, status and typification, as well as the description of a new species of Nitzschia

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Kociolek ◽  
Amelia A. Vouilloud
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
New Species ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Ventral Side ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Original Material ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Apical Axis

Backgrounds and aims: Hantzschia Grunow is a genus characterized by having valves asymmetric to the apical axis, markedly dorsiventral, with an eccentric raphe on the ventral side supported by fibulae and ‘hantzschioid’ symmetry of the frustules. In 1942 J. Frenguelli published the flora of diatoms of Neuquén province (Argentina), work in which he erected Hantzschia subandina as a new species for science. This work investigates the identity and taxonomic status of this taxon.  M&M: Original material of Hantzschia subandina of the Frenguelli Collection was analysed with light and scanning electron microscopy. Results: Observations on the material suggested two different species were included in the concept of this species assigned originally to the genus Hantzschia. Furthermore, neither of the two species present are assignable to the genus Hantzschia. Nitzschia subandina (Frenguelli) comb. nov. has a large central nodule and a slight asymmetry about the apical axis; it also produces frustules with nitzschioid and hantzschioid symmetry. We designate a lectotype for this taxon. In addition, another diatom in the same material with slight asymmetry about the apical axis has distinctive ornamentation on the mantle of the valve and produces nitzschioid and hantzschioid frustules. For this taxon we tentatively assign it to the non-monophyletic genus Nitzschia, describing it as N. araucana sp. nov. We discuss the possible phylogenetic position of this new taxon, and suggest that the genus Nitzschia is “the next Navicula” ready to be further subdivided into distinct genera.

Morphological and molecular characterisation of a new awl nematode, Dolichodorus mediterraneus sp. n. (Nematoda: Dolichodoridae), from Spain

Nematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Landa ◽  
Gracia Liébanas ◽  
Pablo Castillo ◽  
Raquel Murillo Navarro ◽  
Domingo Jiménez Guirado
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
New Species ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
First Record ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Quercus Suber ◽  
The Body ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractA new species of awl nematode, Dolichodorus mediterraneus sp. n., is described from southern Spain. The new species is described and illustrated by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy studies from specimens collected in a sandy soil around roots of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) from Hato Raton, Aznalcázar (Seville), southern Spain. Dolichodorus mediterraneus sp. n. is characterised by a prominent, rounded, lip region, which is offset from the body and has four to six very fine annuli; lateral fields areolated with three lines, ending posterior to anus level; tail 72-122 μm long, abruptly tapering to an acuminate, often spicate, terminus; tail projection 51-79 μ m long; spicules ventrally arcuate, 33-42 μm long; gubernaculum slightly ventrally curved, 14-22 μm long. Scanning electron microscopy observations showed a similar en face pattern to other Dolichodorus spp. Molecular data from the ribosomal large subunit D2-D3 expansion segment of 28S rDNA from paratypes yielded a single fragment of approximately 800 bp. This is the first record of the genus Dolichodorus in Spain and only the second in Europe. A key to species is provided.

It is marine: distinguishing a new species of Catatropis (Digenea: Notocotylidae) from its freshwater twin

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anna Gonchar ◽  
Kirill V. Galaktionov
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Common Eiders ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species ◽  
European Seas

Abstract The morphology of sexual adults is the cornerstone of digenean systematics. In addition, life cycle data have always been significant. The integration of these approaches, supplemented with molecular data, has allowed us to detect a new species that many researchers may have previously seen, but not recognized. Sexual adults from common eiders that we found in northern European seas were extremely similar to other notocotylids, but the discovery of their intermediate host, a marine snail, revealed the true nature of this material. Here we describe sexual adults, rediae and cercariae of Catatropis onobae sp. nov. We discuss how ‘Catatropis verrucosa’ should be regarded, justify designation of the new species C. onobae for our material and explain why it can be considered a cryptic species. The phylogenetic position of C. onobae within Notocotylidae, along with other evidence, highlights the challenges for the taxonomy of the family, for which two major genera appear to be polyphyletic and life cycle data likely undervalued.

scholarly journals Ecotone shifts in southern Madagascar: first barcoding data and six new species of the endemic millipede genus Riotintobolus (Spirobolida, Pachybolidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 953 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Thomas Wesener
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
New Species ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Littoral Forest ◽  
Genetic Barcoding ◽  
Scanning Electron

Six new species of the Spirobolida millipede genus Riotintobolus Wesener, 2009, are described from the spiny forest in southern Madagascar utilising genetic barcoding, drawings and scanning electron microscopy: Riotintobolus tsimelahysp. nov., R. mangatsiakasp. nov., R. lavanonosp. nov., R. bovinussp. nov., R. antafokysp. nov. and R. makayisp. nov. One other Riotintobolus population from the spiny forest might represent an additional species based on genetic data, but it cannot be described as no male specimens were collected. At present, the genus Riotintobolus Wesener, 2009 has eight species from the spiny forest and two species from the littoral rainforest. A determination key to all ten species of the genus is provided. Molecular data reveal that the two critically endangered species from the humid littoral rainforest are not closely related to one another, but have their closest relative in the dry spiny forest ecosystem. Riotintobolus mandenensis Wesener, 2009, only known from the southern littoral rainforest of Mandena is related to R. tsimelahysp. nov. from the nearby spiny forest at Tsimelahy with a p-distance of 11%, while R. minutus Wesener, 2009 from the littoral forest of Sainte Luce is more distant to all other Riotintobolus species, but more closely related to R. bovinussp. nov. from the southwestern forest of the Makay.

scholarly journals A new species of Polydiscia (Acari, Prostigmata, Tanaupodidae) with reference to its host: a new species of Deuterosminthurus (Collembola, Symphypleona, Bourletiellidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ENRIQUE BAQUERO ◽  
MARIA LOURDES MORAZA ◽  
RAFAEL JORDANA
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
New Species ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
The Family ◽  
Parasitic Mites ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Scanning Electron

During the sampling campaign to describe the Iberian fauna of Collembola, an undescribed species of the family Bourletiellidae living on Genista hispanica L. was found with parasitic mites. The attached parasitic mites were identified as the larval instar of a new species of Polydiscia, a prostigmatid mite of the family Tanaupodidae Thor, 1935. The genus was previously cited in Austria. The Collembola, Deuterosminthurus bisetosus sp. nov, which was found in distant localities on the Iberian Peninsula, and Polydiscia deuterosminthurus sp. nov., are both here described. Both species were found together on Genista for three consecutive years. The abundant material obtained has allowed us to study both species with SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), and show characteristics in greater detail than has been possible with light microscopy.

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