scholarly journals Economic Implications for Stationary Trade Under the Influence of SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Thomas Stoyke ◽  
Uwe Radtke
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
German Economy ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Brick And Mortar

An impact analysis against the backdrop of the Covid-19 pandemic on brick-and-mortar retail and consequences for stationary trade, with a focus on Germany. The Covid-19 pandemic has put tremendous pressure on the retail sector. Across the entire breadth of the market, significant declines in sales have already been observed, particularly in the assortments relevant to city centers, as a result of the 1st lockdown in March and April 2020 and the subsequent restrictions (accessibility of stores, masking requirements, spacing, etc.). However, delayed effects as well as the effects of the 2nd lockdown imposed from mid-December 2020 in conjunction with the Christmas and spring business in 2021, which will be cancelled to a large extent for the stationary trade, will further exacerbate the situation in the german economy (stock market). This article sheds light on the current economic starting point, carries out a scientific, but also in particular practice-oriented, literature research of renowned business enterprises, and is intended to offer future trends and action implications from the crisis.

scholarly journals Identification of Existing Challenges and Future Trends for the Utilization of Ammonia-Water Absorption–Compression Heat Pumps at High Temperature Operation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4635
Author(s):  
Marcel Ulrich Ahrens ◽  
Maximilian Loth ◽  
Ignat Tolstorebrov ◽  
Armin Hafner ◽  
Stephan Kabelac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Ammonia Water ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
High Temperature Operation

Decarbonization of the industrial sector is one of the most important keys to reducing global warming. Energy demands and associated emissions in the industrial sector are continuously increasing. The utilization of high temperature heat pumps (HTHPs) operating with natural fluids presents an environmentally friendly solution with great potential to increase energy efficiency and reduce emissions in industrial processes. Ammonia-water absorption–compression heat pumps (ACHPs) combine the technologies of an absorption and vapor compression heat pump using a zeotropic mixture of ammonia and water as working fluid. The given characteristics, such as the ability to achieve high sink temperatures with comparably large temperature lifts and high coefficient of performance (COP) make the ACHP interesting for utilization in various industrial high temperature applications. This work reviews the state of technology and identifies existing challenges based on conducted experimental investigations. In this context, 23 references with capacities ranging from 1.4 kW to 4500 kW are evaluated, achieving sink outlet temperatures from 45 °C to 115 °C and COPs from 1.4 to 11.3. Existing challenges are identified for the compressor concerning discharge temperature and lubrication, for the absorber and desorber design for operation and liquid–vapor mixing and distribution and the choice of solution pump. Recent developments and promising solutions are then highlighted and presented in a comprehensive overview. Finally, future trends for further studies are discussed. The purpose of this study is to serve as a starting point for further research by connecting theoretical approaches, possible solutions and experimental results as a resource for further developments of ammonia-water ACHP systems at high temperature operation.

Establishing national mental health and well‐being indicators for Scotland

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Health Profile ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
National Mental Health ◽  
Health And Well Being

The growing interest in the mental health and well‐being of populations raises questions about traditional measures of public mental health, which have largely focused on levels of psychiatric morbidity. This paper describes work in progress to identify a set of national mental health and well‐being indicators for Scotland that could be used to establish a summary mental health profile, as a starting point for monitoring future trends. The process in taking this work forward involves identifying a desirable set of indicators, scoping the data that are currently collected nationally in Scotland, identifying additional data needs, and ensuring existing data collection systems include mental health and well‐being. It is expected that an indicator set for adults will have been identified by 2007. The paper presents some of the conceptual and practical challenges involved in defining and measuring positive mental health and is presented here as a contribution to ongoing debates in this field.

The Economic Background of the Dual State

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst Fraenkel
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
German Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
National Socialists ◽  
German System ◽  
Historical Necessity

This chapter analyzes the German economy in the late 1930s and explores the extent to which it was capitalist. The chapter begins by stating that it is essential to discuss certain economic aspects of the German system under the National-Socialists in order to understand some fundamental problems of that time. Only against an economic background can we understand why it was that the state in Germany was neither completely “prerogative” nor completely “normative” but rather “dual.” The kind and the degree of historical “necessity” involved in the emergence of the dual state in Germany needs to be analyzed and understood. For it is in the dual state that the starting point toward a solution of the much debated problem could hopefully be found. The chapter asks: was the German economic system capitalistic or non-capitalistic?

scholarly journals Blockchain in FinTech: A Mapping Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Fernandez-Vazquez ◽  
Rafael Rosillo ◽  
David De La Fuente ◽  
Paolo Priore
Keyword(s):  
Core Collection ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Mapping Study ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Scientific Database ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Deep Focus

Blockchain is currently one of the most important topics in both the academia and industry world, mainly due to the possible effects that the continuing application of this new technology could have. The adoption of this technology by FinTech companies constitutes the next step towards the expansion of blockchain and its sustainability. The paper conducts a mapping study on the research topics, limitations, gaps and future trends of blockchain in FinTech companies. A total of 49 papers from a scientific database (Web of Science Core Collection) have been analyzed. The results show a deep focus in challenges such as security, scalability, legal and regulatory, privacy or latency, with proposed solutions still to be far from being effective. A vast majority of the research is focused into finance and banking sector, obviating other industries that could play a crucial role in the further expansion of blockchain. This study can contribute to researchers as a starting point for their investigation, as well as a source for recommendations on future investigation directions regarding blockchain in the FinTech sector.

scholarly journals USING SATELLITE DATA FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS IN ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE CASE OF MONGOLIA

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B8 ◽  
pp. 805-811
Author(s):  
A. Tungalag ◽  
R. Tsolmon ◽  
L. Ochirkhuyag ◽  
J. Oyunjargal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Solow Model ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Starting Point

The Mongolian economy is based on the primary and secondary economic sectors of agriculture and industry. In addition, minerals and mining become a key sector of its economy. The main mining resources are gold, copper, coal, fluorspar and steel. However, the environment and green economy is one of the big problems among most of the countries and especially for countries like Mongolia where the mining is major part of economy; it is a number one problem. The research of the work tested how environmental elements effect to current Mongolian economic growth, which is growing economy because of mining sector. <br><br> The study of economic growth but the starting point for any study of economic growth is the neoclassical growth model emphasizing the role of capital accumulation. The growth is analysed either in terms of models with exogenous saving rates (the Solow-Swan model), or models where consumption and hence savings are determined by optimizing individuals. These are the so-called optimal growth or Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans. The study extends the Solow model and the Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans model, including environmental elements which are satellite data determine to degraded land and vegetation value from 1995 to 2013. In contrast, we can see the degraded land area increases from 1995 (4856&thinsp;m<sup>2</sup>) to 2013 (10478&thinsp;m<sup>2</sup>) and vegetation value decrease at same time. <br><br> A description of the methodology of the study conducted follows together with the data collected and econometric estimations and calibration with environmental elements.

scholarly journals Principles of pharmacoeconomic analysis: the case of pharmacist-led interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 2302
Author(s):  
Fernanda S. Tonin ◽  
Ignacio Aznar-Lou ◽  
Vasco M. Pontinha ◽  
Roberto Pontarolo ◽  
Fernando Fernandez-Llimos
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Pharmacoeconomic Analysis ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life Year ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Health Technologies

In the past years, several factors such as evidence-based healthcare culture, quality-linked incentives, and patient-centered actions, associated with an important increase of financial constraints and pressures on healthcare budgets, resulted in a growing interest by policy-makers in enlarging pharmacists’ roles in care. Numerous studies have demonstrated positive therapeutic outcomes associated with pharmaceutical services in a wide array of diseases. Yet, the evidence of the economic impact of the pharmacist in decreasing total health expenditures, unnecessary care, and societal costs relies on well-performed, reliable, and transparent economic evaluations, which are scarce. Pharmacoeconomics is a branch of health economics that usually focuses on balancing the costs and benefits of an intervention towards the use of limited resources, aiming at maximizing value to patients, healthcare payers and society through data driven decision making. These decisions can be guide by a health technology assessment (HTA) process that inform governmental players about medical, social, and economic implications of development, diffusion, and use of health technologies – including clinical pharmacy interventions. This paper aims to provide an overview of the important concepts in costing in healthcare, including studies classification according to the type of analysis method (e.g. budget-impact analysis, cost-minimization analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis), types of costs (e.g. direct, indirect and intangible costs) and outcomes (e.g. events prevented, quality adjusted life year - QALY, disability adjusted life year - DALY). Other key components of an economic evaluation such as the models’ perspective, time horizon, modelling approaches (e.g. decision trees or simulation models as the Markov model) and sensitivity analysis are also briefly covered. Finally, we discuss the methodological issues for the identification, measurement and valuation of costs and benefits of pharmacy services, and suggest some recommendations for future studies, including the use of Value of Assessment Frameworks.

scholarly journals USING SATELLITE DATA FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS IN ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE CASE OF MONGOLIA

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B8 ◽  
pp. 805-811
Author(s):  
A. Tungalag ◽  
R. Tsolmon ◽  
L. Ochirkhuyag ◽  
J. Oyunjargal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Solow Model ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Starting Point

The Mongolian economy is based on the primary and secondary economic sectors of agriculture and industry. In addition, minerals and mining become a key sector of its economy. The main mining resources are gold, copper, coal, fluorspar and steel. However, the environment and green economy is one of the big problems among most of the countries and especially for countries like Mongolia where the mining is major part of economy; it is a number one problem. The research of the work tested how environmental elements effect to current Mongolian economic growth, which is growing economy because of mining sector. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; The study of economic growth but the starting point for any study of economic growth is the neoclassical growth model emphasizing the role of capital accumulation. The growth is analysed either in terms of models with exogenous saving rates (the Solow-Swan model), or models where consumption and hence savings are determined by optimizing individuals. These are the so-called optimal growth or Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans. The study extends the Solow model and the Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans model, including environmental elements which are satellite data determine to degraded land and vegetation value from 1995 to 2013. In contrast, we can see the degraded land area increases from 1995 (4856&thinsp;m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) to 2013 (10478&thinsp;m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) and vegetation value decrease at same time. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; A description of the methodology of the study conducted follows together with the data collected and econometric estimations and calibration with environmental elements.

scholarly journals Long and Short-term Volatility Comovements in the East Asian Stock

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Jin Yong Yang ◽  
Sang-Heon Lee ◽  
In-Sung Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Volatility Clustering ◽  
Volatility Model ◽  
Starting Point

This study analyzed volatility comovement and contagion in the stock markets of four countries (China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan) in East Asia, which are closely connected with each other geographically and economically in terms of short-term and long-term perspectives. The volatility of stock returns has complex properties of not only volatility clustering, but also long memory, regime change, and substantial outliers. This study reviewed the volatility comovement and contagion in a stock market from long-term and short-term perspectives with the Bivariate Markov Switching Multifractal (BMSM) volatility model that is known for explaining such characteristics well, in spite of using small number of parameters. The empirical analysis results are as follows: China has no significant correlation with the other three countries. Therefore, China stock market is regarded as isolated or segmented market. The influence of the financial crisis on East Asian countries varies depending on the country. Regardless of the starting point of the crisis, Korea and Taiwan are shown to be vulnerable to external impact, compared to China and Japan. From the perspective of the nature of crisis, financial crisis that occurred in 1997 in East Asia and South Europe in 2011 were identified as local shocks as they had an impact on only a few countries, while the global crisis in 2008 was identified as global shock because it caused significant short-term and/or mid and long-term volatility of all countries.

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