De groei van deeltijdwerk: vraag en aanbod

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Euwals ◽  
Maurice Hogerbrugge ◽  
Adri den Ouden
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
High Part ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Increasing Demand

The growth of part-time employment: supply and demand The growth of part-time employment: supply and demand The Dutch labour market shows a high part-time employment rate, and the rate continues to grow at a pace faster than in other OECD countries. The increase in labour force participation of women plays an important role. The contribution of men to part-time employment is growing but stays behind that of women. The shift between sectors of industry, from manufacturing to services, contributes to the growth of part-time employment. We discuss several reasons for firms to hire part-time employees. We investigate the importance of factors of supply and demand by means of a regression analysis at the sectoral level of industry. We find that the increasing demand for flexible labour contributes to the growth of part-time employment.

The Australian labour market in 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Birch ◽  
Alison Preston
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Labour Force Participation Rate ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Part Time

1 This article provides an overview of the key features of the labour market in 2019, with historical data providing insight into recent trends. In 2019, the female labour force participation rate reached an all-time high of 61.3%, 10 percentage points lower than the male rate. Disaggregated analysis shows this growth stems from rising participation amongst older women. This, in turn, is underpinned by a growth in feminised sectors of the labour market, notably the Health Care and Social Assistance sector. Since 2000 this sector has contributed 22.6% to total employment growth and at 2019 accounted for 13.5% of the Australian workforce. There has also been a growth in part-time and casual employment over recent years, with the latter now accounting for 25% of all employees. These are concerning developments, with estimates showing that 58.6% of casuals are not guaranteed a minimum number of hours of work in their job. The article notes that wages growth remains below that required to stimulate employment growth, and that a continued focus on conventional labour market indicators has the potential to lead to misguided policy formulation.

scholarly journals Labour Markets and Wages in Australia in 2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese Jefferson ◽  
Alison Preston
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Labour Market Activity ◽  
Full Time Employment

The global financial crisis (GFC) of 2008 made it clear that traditional indicators of labour market activity such as headline unemployment, labour force participation and earnings in full-time employment can only partially explain the health of the labour market. In this article we argue the need for a nuanced approach that takes into fuller consideration issues related to hours of work and part-time earnings. Selected industry sectors show stark differences in labour market outcomes when these issues are examined.

scholarly journals Special working arrangements to allow for care responsibilities in Australia: availability, usage and barriers

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeromey Temple ◽  
Briony Dow ◽  
Marian Baird
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Background Population ◽  
Barriers To Employment ◽  
Informal Carers ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Market Pressures ◽  
Special Working

Background  Population ageing is projected to reduce labour force growth and aggregate labour force participation, whilst increasing demand for informal carers. Increasing the labour force participation of Australians who face barriers to employment (including carers) is part of the solution to labour market pressures occurring due to demographic change and may improve the financial wellbeing of carers. Aims  To examine the availability, usage and barriers to accessing Special Working Arrangements (SWA) to provide care while employed in Australia. Data and methods  The 2015 ABS Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers was used to measure the prevalence of the availability, usage and barriers to SWA to care stratified by carer status and gender. Results  About 94% of workers reported access to at least one type of SWA (n=25,094). Of this group, about 22% have used SWA to care in the last 6 months. The proportions using SWA to care were highest among primary carers (64%) followed by other carers (43%) and non-carers (19%). Of those who have used SWA, about 15% wanted to use additional SWA to care in the previous 6 months, but faced barriers in doing so, with higher proportions of primary carers (24.6%) and other carers (21.8%) reporting barriers. The main barriers faced by employed carers included insufficient paid leave and/or work commitments. Conclusions  A range of paid and unpaid arrangements are necessary for carers to combine paid work with their caregiving responsibilities. Labour market legislation and workplace policies should be strengthened to reduce barriers to take up of SWA.

Vrouwen op de arbeidsmarkt: een succesvolle worsteling

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneke van Doorne-Huiskes ◽  
Joop Schippers
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Dutch Society ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Relevant Factors

Labour force participation of women: a successful struggle Labour force participation of women: a successful struggle This article describes developments in the labour force participation of women in the Netherlands. The proportion of working women has increased significantly over the last decades, although marital status and level of schooling remain relevant factors in predicting participation. Sex segregation at the labour market is still substantial. The pattern of women working part-time is strongly embedded in Dutch culture and in its institutional settings. This at least partly explains why the number of women in positions at the top is still low. Other relevant explanations in this respect are processes of stereotyping and framing. Opportunities for combining work and care are rather modest in Dutch society, which implies and explains the relative traditional division of tasks between women and men. In its turn, this leads to the phenomenon of only half of the women being economically independent. A system of allowances for low-paid breadwinners discourages the labour force participation of lower-skilled women. Reconsidering this issue in social policy seems adequate. Furthermore, an extension of work/care provisions is needed in order to finalise the process of emancipation of Dutch women.

scholarly journals The State of the New Zealand Labour Market

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Paterson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation Rate ◽  
Demand Growth

This paper will review recent developments in the New Zealand labour market and trace the passage of these indicators through the global financial crisis to the outlook for the coming 3 years. The paper is based on the Ministry’s Quarterly Labour Market report and Short-term Employment Forecasts. The paper describes a strong labour market.  Indicators of labour demand growth have moderated from the elevated levels recorded earlier in 2014, but remain solid. Construction is a significant source of employment demand across the entire country, and not just Canterbury. Migration-led population growth and near-record labour force participation rates are expanding labour supply. Women in general are showing increased involvement in the labour market: the female labour force participation rate returned to its record high of 63.7 per cent (equal to that recorded in March 2014), and the female employment rate (59.7 per cent) is at its highest rate since December 2008. Single mothers in particular have seen a sharp increase in their employment rate, which has reached its highest level since the series began in 1986. High participation is likely slowing the fall in the unemployment rate, which nevertheless hit its lowest level since March 2009. Wage growth remains subdued over the September quarter, but this comes against the backdrop of low inflation.

scholarly journals Employment Outcomes of Ethnic Minorities in Spain: Towards Increasing Economic Incorporation among Immigrants and the Second Generation?

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariña Fernández-Reino ◽  
Jonas Radl ◽  
María Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Labour Market Situation ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Part Time

This article examines the labour market outcomes of immigrants in Spain, a country that has become a migration destination only since the end of the 1990s. Differentiating between first and second generation of immigrant descent, we compare the labour market involvement of the main ethnic groups with the majority group. One particular focus is to understand which minorities have been hit the hardest by the Great Recession. To this end, we use data from the European Union Labour Force Survey for the years 2008 and 2014, and more specifically the two ad-hoc modules on the labour market situation of migrants. Analysing men and women separately, we run a set of multivariate logistic regression models to control for compositional differences. In this way, we examine ethnic gaps not only in labour force participation but also in the degree of underutilisation of human capital, measured as workers’ level of over-education as well as the incidence of involuntary part-time employment. Our results show that while most origin groups do not show significantly lower employment participation than the majority group, the employment quality of immigrants in terms of involuntary part-time work and over-education is substantially worse, especially since the crisis.

Why Is Female Labour Force Participation So Low in India?

Urbanisation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S40-S57
Author(s):  
Deepaboli Chatterjee ◽  
Neelanjan Sircar
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Female Labour Force Participation ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Urban Employment ◽  
Agricultural Employment ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Impact

In this article, we analyse the reasons for low female labour force participation (FLFP) across approximately 14,000 households in the Indian urban clusters of Dhanbad, Indore, Patna and Varanasi. We argue that expectations placed upon women to carry out household duties generate incentives for them to largely seek part-time work near their homes, due to what we term as flexibility and proximity of work. While this characterises most agricultural employment, this is not true of urban employment. Using this framework, we argue that requirements to travel large distances for most jobs put prohibitive costs on women entering the labour market. To empirically test our claims, we conduct a survey experiment on the female respondents who are currently unemployed in our sample to elicit labour market preferences. Our results are striking—women are 12 to 23 percentage points less likely to express a preference for a suitable job if they have to travel one hour to work. The magnitude of these effects is far greater than the impact of the primary wage earner of the household losing their job or other family members assisting the woman in household duties. We conclude the article by discussing the implications for policy.

Tertiary Educated Muslim Women's Work Decision

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Peck Leong Tan ◽  
Muhammad Adidinizar Zia Ahmad Kusair ◽  
Norlida Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Flexible Working ◽  
Family Friendly ◽  
The Family ◽  
Labour Participation

The participation of women in the labour force has been steadily rising over the years, especially with tremendous human capital investment in educating more women at tertiary levels. However, the tertiary educated women labour participation remains low, particularly among Muslim women. Therefore, this paper explores how tertiary educated Muslim women make their decision to work. This study surveyed 139 tertiary educated women and found their decisions to work are affected by their families’ needs and/or responsibilities, and may not be due to their lives’ goals and dreams. The majority of them work for the sake of money and hence will work if offered jobs meet their expectations in term of salary and position. Furthermore, they will leave the workforce if they need to fulfil their responsibilities at home. Therefore, to retain or to encourage more women especially those with high qualifications to be in the labour market, stakeholders must provide family-friendly jobs and suitable work environment such as flexible working arrangements. More importantly, stakeholders must be able to convince the family members of tertiary educated women to release them to the labour market.   

A Choice-Theoretical Labour-Market Model: Empirical Tests at the Mesolevel

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1085-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Baumann ◽  
M M Fischer ◽  
U Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Regional Labour Markets ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
Supply Model

This paper contains an analysis of a multiregional labour-supply model for Austria. In the approach suggested here attempts are made to combine the advantages of random-utility-based discrete choice theory and partial reduced-form estimation. Two recursive submodels, the labour-force participation submodel, and the commuting and employment submodel, are developed. Three different types of model specifications at the mesolevel are used to analyse the consequences of choosing a spatial framework of overlapping regional labour markets upon the model parameters, to investigate the usefulness of the model approach in relation to different regionalisation variants, and to carry out a sensitivity analysis with respect to the effects of the model parameters used to delineate the labour-market regions.

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