Dynamics of the incidence of the relapses in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

BACKGROUND. Among countries of Europe in Ukraine the incidence and mortality rate from tuberculosis (TB), including the incidence of the relapses in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (RPT), remain high. Absence of the national program of fight from TB, lack of financing of anti-TB measures, unsatisfactory statistical information confirm the necessity of study of situation from relapses in patients with RPT and development of measures on their warning. OBJECTIVE. To estimate the features of dynamics of the incidence of RPT in the last few years and consisting of epidemic situation of TB in a country. MATERIALS AND METHODS. An analysis of official statistical reports of anti-TB establishments of administrative territories of Ukraine, information of SI “Center of Public Health of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine” and SI “Center of Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine” in the last few years. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. By the features of dynamics of the incidence of RPT in the last few years in a country are high the incidence in patients with RPT with sputum positive smears with comparison in the incidence in patients with RPT with sputum negative smears; decline of index on 46,0 %; high part of RPT with sputum positive smears among patients with TB sputum positive smears (the TB new cases + relapses); diminishing of amount of cases of TB which the diagnosis of multidrug-resistant TB is confirmed, from them growth of percent of patients with extended resistant of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The signs of epidemic situation are: decline of the TB incidence of lights (the new cases + relapses); high percent of patients sputum positive smears; high TB incidence among children by age 15-17; diminishing of the TB mortality rate and his prevalence; absence of changes of index prevalence of TB among children by age 0-17 and 0-14. CONCLUSIONS. The analysis of statistical data testifies to the presence of failings in an exposure and treatment of patients with the relapses of TB, on the necessity of introduction of complex anti-TB measures for warning of relapses within the framework of the national program of fight from TB.

APPOINTMENT OF DOCTOR FOR MEDICAL PREVENTION AND ITS STAFFING

The Federal Law of November 21, 2011 № 323-FL «About the basis of the protection of public health in the Russian Federation» defined the priority of prevention in the field of health protection (Article 12). However, a number of problems in staffing of the system of medical prevention remain. Aim: to investigate the dynamics of the number of posts for doctors for medical prevention (positions, occupied positions, individuals), as well as their staffing level and combination rate for the period from 2014 until 2017 in the Russian Federation and its regions. based on the data of the Federal Statistic (form № 30), the article presents a statistic analysis of the number of posts for doctors for medical prevention for the period from 2014 until 2017 in the Russian Federation and its regions. The provision of population with doctors for medical prevention in Russia in the period from 2014 to 2017 significantly increased from 0.031 to 0.049 per 10,000 adults (by 58.1%), but at the same time it continues to be extremely low: 10.2 times less than the standard of provision with these doctors in only offices/departments of medical prevention, excluding healthcare centers and centers of medical prevention. There is a low staffing level for doctors for medical prevention in the Russian Federation, which decreased even more over the study period: from 73.2% to 64.0% (by 12.5%). This is explained both by an increase in the staff positions of these doctors in the country from 1031 to 1526 (by 48.0%), while the number of occupied posts increased only by 29.50% (from 754.25 to 976.75), and by a simultaneous decrease in the part-time combination rate from 2.1 to 1.7 (19.0%), which continues to be high. The low staffing level (64.0%) and the high part-time combination rate of doctors for medical prevention (1.7) along with low provision of the population with these doctors — 0.049 per 10,000 adults, what is more, then 10 times lower than the standard, indicate a shortage of individuals for doctors for medical prevention — the main workers in the occupied positions and their replacement by doctors — co-workers of other specialties. This largely takes place due to the absence of the specialty «medical prevention», which necessity of the introduction needs to be discussed by the medical community.

Optimization of the CIP system enzyme stage for effluent reduction

Milk is one of the main foods and possesses considerable nutritional richness. In this sense, the consumption of industrialized food products has increased significantly and with this it is important to know and improve the processes of hygiene of the industry. Clean in Place (CIP) is a useful technology for cleaning equipment and pipes because it avoids dismantling and is made up of several steps, such as cleaning with alkaline detergent, rinsing, applying acid, rinse, sanitize and rinse. The objective of this work was to evaluate the water consumption and the consequent generation of effluent in the alkaline detergent rinsing stage using constant flow and pulsed flow rates and also to propose an optimal configuration of the pulsed flow to minimize the consumption of water and effluent generated. The tests were conducted in a CIP system prototype and executed based on a central composite planning (CCP) changing the variables amplitude, period and duration of the high part. The response surface technique was used to evaluate the effects of each variable on water consumption. It was verified that there is an optimum condition for the operation of the rinse in pulsed form with amplitude 1.5 L / min, period 138 seconds and duration of the high part of 53 seconds. In addition, it has been found that the rinse with pulsed flow produces an economy of approximately 14.52% in relation to the constant flow operation.

Preclinical Pain Research

Regrettably, the list of unique analgesic tools has expanded very slowly during the past few decades. Many very promising drugs have failed once tested in clinical populations, and the associated costs of these translational failures have been extremely high. Part of this problem can be traced to the ways we select and use preclinical tools and perhaps to the way we report our findings. We are beginning to reevaluate our selection of animal models and the methods we use to measure pain-related responses in these animals. In addition, many journals now require a clear statement of the experimental hypothesis, the details of the experimental methods, a description of the statistical approach to analyzing the data, and the disclosure of conflicts of interest. These new practices pose challenges to laboratory-based research groups. However, a more rigorous approach to preclinical investigations may be necessary for the successful development of new analgesics.

A Compact 2 Degree of Freedom Wrist for Robot-Actuated Surgery and Other Applications

A new, compact 2 degree-of-freedom wrist mechanism suitable for robotically controlled surgical operations is presented. Current commercially available robotically controlled instruments achieve high dexterity defined by three degrees of freedom and relatively confined swept volume at just under 1 cm in diameter. Current smaller diameter instruments result in high part count and large swept volumes (less dexterity). A mesoscale rolling contact wrist mechanism is proposed as an alternative. The crossed cylinders wrist integrates two half-cylinders whose longitudinal axes are offset by 90°. The surfaces of the half cylinders have been populated with gearing that enables the two halves to roll in two directions while preventing slip. The manufacturing of the parts is demonstrated as feasible by a the layered assembly of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) structures, which can produce parts that are difficult to replicate with traditional manufacturing methods. The resulting wrist has only 2 parts and a small swept volume.

Asociación nodriza-protegida, diámetro y altura de cactáceas en relación a la altitud, en la quebrada huaje de la ciudad de puno, Perú

<p align="center"><strong>RESUMEN</strong></p><p>El estudio se realizó durante los meses de mayo a julio del 2014, con 5 muestreos en total, siendo en la estación otoño que en esta zona se caracteriza por la ausencia de lluvias y descenso en la temperatura, estos factores hacen que los cactus modifiquen su morfología haciendo variar su diámetro y altura, los objetivos fueron: (a) Determinar la asociación nodriza-protegida de las especies encontradas y (b) Determinar la relación de la altitud con la altura y el diámetro de las cactáceas de la quebrada Huaje, se aplicó el método indirecto de búsqueda intensiva para hallar cada cactus oculto entre la espesura de <em>Stipa ichu</em> planta dominante en el área de estudio, se encontraron especies de <em>Cumulopuntia</em> <em>boliviana</em> 752indv., <em>Echinopsis</em> <em>maximiliana</em> 293indv., <em>Cumulopuntia</em> sp. 153indv. y <em>Austrocylindropuntia</em> <em>subulata</em> 25indv., la planta nodriza con mayor porcentaje fue la <em>Stipa ichu</em> 46% <em>Senecio</em> sp. 12% <em>Grindelia</em> <em>boliviana</em> 9 %, <em>Poa</em> sp. 0,005 %, se observó que en lugares rocosos y suelo arenoso se desarrollan las cactáceas, esta curiosa asociación representa un 33%, se tomaron medidas de la altura y diámetro de cada cactus encontrado realizando una prueba regresión lineal para determinar la influencia de la altitud sobre la altura del cactus dio como resultado R2=0,159, de igual forma la influencia de la altitud sobre el diámetro del cactus dio como resultado R2=0,003; se determina cierta dependencia de las plantas nodriza se concluye que la altitud (3834-3951 msnm) influye negativamente en el crecimiento de los cactus (talla, diámetro) sin embargo se encontraron más individuos en la parte alta de la quebrada.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>The study was carried out during the months of May to July of the 2014, with 5 samplings in total, being in the station autumn that is characterized by the absence of rains and descent in the temperature in this area, these factors makes that the cactus modifies its morphology making vary its diameter and height, the objectives were: (to) to Determine the nurse-protected association of the opposing species and (b) to Determine the relationship of the altitude with the height and the diameter of the cactáceas of the gulch Huaje, the indirect method of intensive search was applied to find each hidden cactus among the thickness of <em>Stipa ichu</em> it plants dominant in the study area, they were species of <em>Cumulopuntia boliviana</em> 752indv., <em>Echinopsis maximiliana</em> 293indv., <em>Cumulopuntia sp.</em> 153indv. and <em>Austrocylindropuntia subulata</em> 25indv., the plant nurse with more percentage was <em>Stipa ichu</em> 46% <em>Senecio sp</em>. 12% <em>Grindelia boliviana</em> 9%, <em>Poa sp.</em> 0,005%, it was observed that in rocky places and sandy floor the cactáceas is developed, this curious association represents 33%, they took measures of the height and diameter of each opposing cactus carrying out a test lineal regression to determine the influence of the altitude on the height of the cactus it is gave R2=0 as a result ,159, of equal it forms the influence of the altitude on the diameter of the cactus it is gave R2=0 as a result ,003; certain dependence of the plants nurse you is determined it concludes that the altitude (3834-3951 msnm) influences negatively however in the growth of the cactus (it carves, diameter) more individuals they were in the high part of the gulch.</p><p> </p>

“Big, Medium, Little”: Reaching Energy Proportionality with Heterogeneous Computing Scheduler

Energy savings are among the most important topics concerning Cloud and HPC infrastructures nowadays. Servers consume a large amount of energy, even when their computing power is not fully utilized. These static costs represent quite a concern, mostly because many datacenter managers are over-provisioning their infrastructures compared to the actual needs. This results in a high part of wasted power consumption. In this paper, we proposed the BML (“Big, Medium, Little”) infrastructure, composed of heterogeneous architectures, and a scheduling framework dealing with energy proportionality. We introduce heterogeneous power processors inside datacenters as a way to reduce energy consumption when processing variable workloads. Our framework brings an intelligent utilization of the infrastructure by dynamically executing applications on the architecture that suits their needs, while minimizing energy consumption. In this paper we focus on distributed stateless web servers scenario and we analyze the energy savings achieved through energy proportionality.

Application of gravity and airborne magnetics to structural-magnetic mapping of the metamorphic massive Isla de la Juventud

In an attempt to contribute to the structural mapping of metamorphic massif Isla de la Juventud, with emphasis to acidic magmatism, gravitational-magnetometer data of the territory by means the processing technology Oasis Montaj are used. According to their findings, the presumed postmetamorphic granitic bodies of low density and magnetic susceptibility are located mainly in the central and southwestern part of the massif. On the flanks of Antiform Río Los Indios are mapped rocks of the high part of Cañada Formation, also with low density. The granitic bodies apparently were introduced through the system of longitudinal (synmetamorphic) and transverse (postmetamorphic) faults at the end of the multifolding and metamorphism process of the sequences of the massif, taking a dominant role the zones of longitudinal deep fractures of sublatitudinal direction in the central and southern part of the massif. Late regional dome structure is understand now within the meaning of morfoanticlinal uprising in the region, resulting from the exhumation of metamorphic massif. Does this mean that cracking generated during the evolution of this structure is not affected by acidic magmatism and in consequence for its specific metallogeny of rare and precious metals.