Learning grammar in eighteenth-century Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Kislova ◽  
Tatiana Kostina ◽  
Vladislav Rjéoutski
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
New Age ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Grammatical Form ◽  
Grammar Teaching ◽  
Age Of Enlightenment ◽  
Main Language

In eighteenth-century Russia, Latin was the main language of tuition in Church seminaries and the grammatical approach played a very important role. In schools for nobility, the word ‘grammar’ was hardly used for living languages. Early grammar teaching was combined with translation, dialogue memorization, reading, etc. The shift in focus towards more grammar in French and German classes had likely begun by the middle of the century, and was related to the general proliferation of the grammatical approach. A greater emphasis was placed on analysing grammatical form. These changes mark a shift away from the syncretic language learning approach of the Age of Enlightenment towards a new age characterised by the increasing separation of the aspects of language learning and the erosion of the links between them.

The role of second language in higher education: A case study of German students at a Dutch university

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidy Zijlmans ◽  
Anneke Neijt ◽  
Roeland van Hout
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Main Language

AbstractThis article reports on an investigation of the challenges and benefits of university students taking a degree course in a language other than their mother tongue. Our study was conducted from the point of view of the non-native students themselves, and our primary concern was the role of language. We investigated the academic achievement of German students studying in a Dutch-English academic environment. Dutch is the main language of instruction, and English the main language of the literature used. In search of predictors for successful learning of Dutch (our first research question), LexTALE tests were administered to determine linguistic competence in the students’ first language, German, and their second language, English. In addition, we collected data on their educational background and language learning history. None of the LexTALE scores stood out as ‘the’ predictor for success in learning Dutch; German was a slightly better predictor than English. The best predictor appeared to be the students’ general educational level, expressed in mean grades for final exams in secondary education. We then studied the role of proficiency in the foreign languages needed for academic success. Language data on L3 Dutch were gathered at the start and were compared to study results after the first six months and at the end of the first year. The level of Dutch as a second language correlated with study results, expressed in ECTS; the correlation was even higher with mean grades on exams. This indicates that language proficiency does play a role in study success.

scholarly journals Altérité et inclusion. Du corps propre au corps social en classe de langue : emprunts à la danse contemporaine

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Marie-Paule Muller-Jaecki
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Foreign Language Learning ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Contemporary Dance ◽  
Social Body ◽  
Language Class ◽  
The Creation

La classe de langue étrangère, par la transformation du corps propre qu’elle présuppose afin d’accéder à un nouveau corps social, place-t-elle l’élève en situation de handicap et génère-t-elle de la souffrance ? Est-il possible de l’éviter ? La réflexion menée part de l’observation d’expériences vécues en danse contemporaine autour de la création de performances incluant des danseurs en situation de handicap. L’analyse de la démarche pédagogique adoptée fait émerger des constantes qui contribuent à l’inclusion de chaque danseur. Elle peut être source d’inspiration pour l’enseignant afin de construire une dynamique d’apprentissage d’une langue étrangère où chaque élève se sente compétent. Otherness and inclusion. What can contemporary dance bring to the foreign language class for learners to access a new social body? The foreign language class implies a transformation of the learner’s own body in order to access a new social body. Does it thereby handicap pupils, generating suffering? Is it possible to avoid this? The following reflection starts from the observation of experiences in contemporary dance, related to the creation of performances including disabled dancers. The analysis of the pedagogy reveals constants which contribute to the inclusion of every dancer. It can inspire teachers in order to design a foreign language learning approach in which each pupil feels competent.

scholarly journals Arabic Learning Based On E-Learning Using Arabic Teacher Website In The Pandemic Era Of Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-137
Author(s):  
Nur Salsabila Binti Jasni ◽  
Ade Arip Ardiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Independent Learning ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Electronic Book ◽  
Sentence Patterns ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Theoretical Issues

This study aims to describe the Arabic Teacher's website as e-learning based Arabic language learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method. There have been many studies that discuss learning Arabic based on E-Learning. However, it is only limited to one aspect while learning Arabic using the Arabic teacher website covers various skills and theoretical issues. The results showed 1) E-Learning Arabic Teacher is a complete website designed as an advanced learning Arabic during the Covid-19 pandemic; 2) The Arabic learning approach by using the Arabic teacher E-Learning website is based on the same teaching method programmed, develop internet-based independent learning effectively using a purposeful computer so that learners can learn Arabic in a balanced way read, write, listen, and speak. 3) E-Learning Arabic Teacher provides several main menus including; Arabic languages such as reading, stories (basic, intermediate, advanced), grammar (nahwu), structures (sentence patterns), dictation (imla'), songs and games (songs and games), Questionnaires (assessment sheets) accompanied by an electronic book, MP3, and Video.

James Buchanan’s use of Anne Fisher’s A new grammar: Towards the development of an English grammar teaching method in eighteenth-century English grammar writing

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-109
Author(s):  
Vera Willems
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Standard English ◽  
Discourse Community ◽  
James Buchanan ◽  
Grammar Teaching ◽  
English Grammar ◽  
Language Norms

AbstractIn light of the question how the eighteenth-century English grammar writing tradition contributed to the development of Standard English, this article attempts to answer the question to what extent the grammarian James Buchanan made use of Anne Fisher’s grammar in writing his own. While Buchanan admitted that he consulted the works of other grammarians, he did not reveal which he used. It is argued that Buchanan drew on Fisher’s grammar for his focus on English concord, and for the inclusion of example sentences of false syntax and of exercises on bad English. However, the differences in layout and the subjects discussed in the example sentences and exercises are such that the similarities can be said to fall within the remit of acceptable eighteenth-century authorship and that they do not seem evidence of an attempt to plagiarise. On the contrary, Buchanan’s reliance on Fisher’s grammar can best be understood as a concern with the didactics of English grammar rather than with the actual language norms purported by Fisher – though some features seem inspired by her. As such, Buchanan’s use of Fisher’s grammar can be seen as an attempt to further the development of an English grammar teaching method within the discourse community of the eighteenth-century grammarians.

A Community-Driven Mobile System to Support Foreign Language Learning

2018 ◽  
pp. 95-115
Author(s):  
Manuel Palomo-Duarte ◽  
Anke Berns ◽  
Alberto Cejas ◽  
Juan Manuel Dodero ◽  
Juan Antonio Caballero-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Foreign Language Learning ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Focus On Form ◽  
Constructive Learning ◽  
Language Competencies

The acquisition of foreign language competencies has become one of the main concerns of current ICT educational policies. Mobile smart devices allow teachers to provide students with personalized learning environments in line with their needs. However, most of the available apps, especially in the area of foreign language learning, still focus on form-based learning supporting mainly one-way interaction. In this chapter, the authors designed a learning system based on a dynamic, asynchronous and constructive learning approach. The chapter illustrates how the system helped students to get involved in their learning process by creating, sharing, and assessing their own learning resources and how teachers could benefit from students' logs to retrieve indicators for assessment processes. Finally, two algorithms that guide students' learning processes are compared: the first algorithm is based on community-driven behaviour, the second one on students' individual behaviour. Results show that both algorithms provide similar outcomes.

Islam and Modernity

2016 ◽  
pp. 328-343
Author(s):  
Radwan Ziadeh
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The Past ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
Abrahamic Religions ◽  
Age Of Enlightenment ◽  
To Come ◽  
Islam And Modernity

The problem of Islam and modernity has been an important point of discussion in the Arab and Islamic world for decades, though this discussion has taken various forms, such as being called the conflict between the past and the present, or tradition and progress. This discussion has hidden within it clear contradictions when seeking compromise between the Abrahamic religions and present times throughout history. This conflict first appeared in the geographic area known as the Islamic world and looked much like the Age of Enlightenment in Europe in the eighteenth century. However, the true meaning of the conflict revolved around the capacity of Islam as a religion to be compatible with modernity and its philosophy, precepts, politics, and historical facts. This means that Islam was obliged to come into agreement with modernity, which became like the soul and language of the present.

A New Age of Projects

2019 ◽  
pp. 197-228
Author(s):  
Owen Stanwood
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Age ◽  
Religious Toleration ◽  
Age Of Enlightenment

The final chapter examines a new push to create Huguenot colonies in the era of the Seven Years’ War. The drama began back in France, where Protestants and others started a campaign for religious toleration. One plank in this campaign was for Huguenots to threaten to leave, and they began to negotiate with the British to do just that, envisioning colonies in places like Nova Scotia, Florida, and Minorca. The realization of the plan came through the efforts of Jean-Louis Gibert, a Protestant minister who became the founder of New Bordeaux in South Carolina. This colonial vision represented a renewal of themes from the first years of the Refuge. It was driven by desires to make silk and wine as well as the push for religious toleration in France. Thus the Huguenots adapted their old program to an age of Enlightenment.

scholarly journals Teacher cognition in language teaching: A review of research on what language teachers think, know, believe, and do

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Borg
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Classroom Practice ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Teacher Cognition ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Grammar Teaching ◽  
Mental Constructs ◽  
Selection Of

This paper reviews a selection of research from the field of foreign and second language teaching into what is referred to here as teacher cognition – what teachers think, know, and believe and the relationships of these mental constructs to what teachers do in the language teaching classroom. Within a framework suggested by more general mainstream educational research on teacher cognition, language teacher cognition is here discussed with reference to three main themes: (1) cognition and prior language learning experience, (2) cognition and teacher education, and (3) cognition and classroom practice. In addition, the findings of studies into two specific curricular areas in language teaching which have been examined by teacher cognition – grammar teaching and literacy – are discussed. This review indicates that, while the study of teacher cognition has established itself on the research agenda in the field of language teaching and provided valuable insight into the mental lives of language teachers, a clear sense of unity is lacking in the work and there are several major issues in language teaching which have yet to be explored from the perspective of teacher cognition.

Haydn's Creation and Enlightenment Theology

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 25-44
Author(s):  
Mark Berry
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
High Culture ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Age Of Enlightenment ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Austrian Tradition

Haydn's two great oratorios, The Creation and The Seasons (Die Schöpfung and Die Jahreszeiten) stand as monuments—on either side of the year 1800—to the Enlightenment and to the Austrian Enlightenment in particular. This is not to claim that they have no connection with what would often be considered more “progressive”—broadly speaking, romantic—tendencies. However, like Haydn himself, they are works that, if a choice must be made, one would place firmly in the eighteenth century, “long” or otherwise. The age of musical classicism was far from dead by 1800, likewise the “Age of Enlightenment.” It is quite true that one witnesses in both the emergence of distinct national, even “nationalist,” tendencies. Yet these intimately connected “ages” remain essentially cosmopolitan, especially in the sphere of intellectual history and “high” culture. Haydn's oratorios not only draw on Austrian tradition; equally important, they are also shaped by broader influence, especially the earlier English Enlightenment, in which the texts of both works have their origins. The following essay considers the theology of The Creation with reference to this background and, to a certain extent, also attempts the reverse, namely, to consider the Austrian Enlightenment in the light of a work more central to its concerns than might have been expected.

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