Genealogies of Extraction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Mikkelsen ◽  
Michael Eilenberg
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Special Economic Zone ◽  
Central State ◽  
Development Zone ◽  
State Authority ◽  
Economic Zone

Taking departure from the failure of a planned but never realised special economic zone (SEZ) in the Indonesian borderland city of Tarakan, we argue that this planned SEZ would paradoxically not have been the island of sovereign exception often associated with SEZs, but rather a zone where central government would have had comparably more control than they have in the surrounding borderlands. This leads us to argue that the entire borderland surrounding Tarakan can be considered a de facto development zone in itself. Additionally, the de facto development zone is multigenerational, having been through a number of booms and busts, triggering both migrations and environmental ruination, while central state authority and interest have waxed and waned accordingly.

Large Projects in Light of Oman's Diversification Strategy: the Case of Special Economic Zone in Duqm

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Al-Muharrami ◽  
◽  
Asma Al-Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Special Economic Zone ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Development Zone ◽  
Peace Of Mind ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
Economic Zone ◽  
Economic Development Zone

The Special Economic Zone Duqm (SEZD) in Oman is the largest special economic zone in the Middle East and North Africa Region allowing it to host various big projects. To ensure that the area is fit for a wide number of business activities to meet the needs of investors, area is divided into eight main areas: the heavy-medium and light industries complex, the port, the ship dry dock, the oil refinery, the tourism area, the logistic services area, the regional airport, and the residential/commercial area. SEZD has many competitive advantages to be a logistic and marine hub for Arab countries outside Strait of Hormuz. It is a hub for advanced petrochemical industry, manufacturing industry, fish industry and aquaculture projects, logistics services, educational institutions and tourism. For those seeking peace of mind and tranquility, Duqm is an ideal destination where it combines the natural beauty of the region and the modest climate around the year. SEZD provides many incentives for investors such as: exemption from profit tax for up to 30 years and renewable for similar period, 100% freehold by foreigners, easy recruitment of manpower, and imports of raw materials into the zone are tax-free. These facilities and incentives give SEZD a competitive advantage. SEZD is an ideal example of an integrated economic development zone. Government of Oman is trying to achieve the following national objectives from establishing such economic zone: first, economic diversification; second, sustainable economic growth; third, securing job opportunities; fourth, balancing Oman’s regional development; finally, increase private sector contribution to GDP.

Southern Leviathan: The Development of Central State Authority in the Confederate States of America

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 68-136
Author(s):  
Richard Bensel
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Confederate States Of America ◽  
Central State ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Philosophical Orientation ◽  
State Authority ◽  
Social Controls ◽  
Cultural Origins

War has probably been the single most important influence on the development of central state authority in the United States. Although the state-centered mobilization of economic resources and manpower that accompanies military conflict is commonly conceded to have had this effect throughout American history, the centralizing influence of the Civil War on the southern Confederate government has not been accorded the precedent-setting importance it deserves. The consolidation of economic and social controls within the central government of the Confederacy was in fact so extensive that it calls into question standard interpretations of southern opposition to the expansion of federal power in both the antebellum and post-Reconstruction periods. Southern reluctance to expand federal power in those periods has been attributed variously to regional sympathy for laissez-faire principles, the “precapitalist” cultural origins of the plantation elite, and a general philosophical orientation hostile to state development.

Contemporary Approaches to Economic Development: The Special Economic Zone Programme

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 448-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gopinath
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
Special Economic Zone ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Indian Central ◽  
Economic Zone ◽  
Private Investors

Of considerable interest within policy and academic circles, is the emergence of India's status as a new economic powerhouse in Asia. This development can be linked to its recent advocacy of ‘effective’ local economic development policies, particularly in attempting to create ‘new economic spaces’ as a model for economic development. In this regard, in 2005, the Indian central government passed the Special Economic Zone Act: to attract foreign and domestic investment, to boost export earnings, to generate local employment and to make improvements to infrastructural services. As a result, new challenges have emerged. At one end, there is a reduced role for central government intervention in economic development as a result of shifts from an earlier central government-directed policy mechanism to this contemporary approach in SEZ policy where state governments as well as private investors are increasingly seen as important partners in economic develop-ment. On the other hand, not only have the number of sanctioned SEZs exceeded the expectations of policy makers, but also that there is now an uneven distribution of SEZ investments across the country that only a stronger central government intervention can possibly address.

scholarly journals The Implementation of South Sumatera Industrial Downstreaming for Rubber Products Strategic Policy with The Establishment of Tanjung Api-Api Special Economic Zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Sari Mutiara Aisyah ◽  
M. Yustian Yusa ◽  
Nur Aslamiah Supli ◽  
OK.Mohammad Fajar Ikhsan
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Special Economic Zone ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Strategic Policy ◽  
Economic Zone

The downstreaming option to provide added value to local industries, especially developing countries in the Global Value Chain (GVC) era as a way to increase competitiveness and seizing global markets, is inevitable. This paper focus on the analysis of the developments and limitations faced in the implementation of the Strategic Policy of South Sumatra Rubber Product Downstreaming with the establishment of Tanjung Api-Api Special Economic Zone. At the regional level, the idea of developing SEZ (Special Economic Zone) aims to prepare investment institutions in improving the investment climate in Southeast Asia region and manifesting ASEAN as a single market and production base as a component of the 2015 ASEAN Economic Community. This study used an exploratory and descriptive qualitative research method, where the depth and context of the data are important. Data from this study consisted of secondary data through literature study and analysis of documents and primary data obtained from interview as well as through field research. The author concludes that the industrial downstreaming of rubber products in South Sumatra has not been maximally carried out, it was still segmented, it was not conducted linearly, both production and coordination between the central government and the locals. Tanjung Api-Api SEZ as a hub for international trade and industrialization of rubber commodities also encountered various obstacles including infrastructure (deep sea port) at this point was inadequate, certainty of fiscal incentives for companies relocating to SEZ and licensing.

scholarly journals Kebijakan Penetapan Bitung Sebagai Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK)

1969 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-169
Author(s):  
Radityo Pramoda ◽  
Tenny Apriliani
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Special Economic Zone ◽  
Regional Development Policy ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Economic Zone ◽  
Legal Security ◽  
Set Up

The Bitung Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is a regional development policy specially devised to drive economic growth based on well-set-up infrastructures, and incentives. The role of central government in supervising the policy is very important in coping with each negative impact, both economic as well as social. The sole purpose of this qualitative research is to study the implementation of the regional development policy of Bitung as a Special Economic Zone. The analysis had been carried out with a case study approach, and then descriptively elaborated, and resulted in the finding of: (1) the previous development and infrastructure blueprint at the Bitung City level have so far been in line with the SEZ; (2) the SEZ has so far been attracting industry-based investment and creating work for the labors; (3) the formulated local regulations have been considered enough in giving legal security toward investment; (4) the establishment of Bitung as an SEZ has been considered as a sound strategic policy; and (5) the readiness of Bitung as an SEZ has been deemed adequate, despite the facts that it still needed minor adjustments in a few aspects, such as: better socialization, acceleration of land relinquishment, and increasing electricity/power.Keywords: Policy, Bitung Determination, Special Economic Zone (SEZ).Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) Bitung merupakan kebijakan pengembangan wilayah dalam mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi yang didukung infrastruktur berkualitas, serta pemberian kemudahan (insentif). Fungsi pemerintah pusat mengawal KEK Bitung, sangat penting untuk mencegah timbulnya dampak negatif secara ekonomi dan sosial. Penelitian kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji implementasi pembangunan ekonomi dan penetapan kebijakan Bitung sebagai KEK. Analisis kajian dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus, yang dipaparkan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) pembangunan yang telah ada maupun pengembangan rencana infrastruktur pada kawasan Kota Bitung sudah mendukung KEK; (2) KEK Bitung telah menciptakan investasi berbasis industri dan penyerapan tenaga kerja; (3) regulasi lokal yang dibentuk sudah memberikan kepastian hukum kepada investor; (4) Penetapan KEK Bitung merupakan kebijakan strategis pemerintah yang tepat; (5) kesiapan Bitung menjadi KEK secara umum sudah memadai, tetapi masih perlu untuk melaksanakan: sosialisasi kepada masyarakat, percepatan eksekusi pembebasan lahan, dan penambahan daya listrik.Kata kunci: Kebijakan, Penetapan Bitung, Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK).

scholarly journals Berbera Port Special Economic Zone: Golden Calf or Trojan Horse?

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Abdulkadir Noor ◽  
Fuangfa Amponstira ◽  
John Walsh
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
African Country ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Special Economic Zone ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Golden Calf ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Economic Zone ◽  
Real Forms

The African country of Somalia has been designated a ‘failed state’ because of its persistent warfare, the presence of terrorist groups and the collapse of the central government. There is no effective rule of law and little protection of the private sector. The only real forms of income for the country are international assistance and remittances received from overseas Somalis. One possible means of increasing economic activity is to build a special economic zone in connection with Berbera Port, which has historically been an important trading centre linking East Africa and West Asia. Dubai’s DP World signed a contract to provide just such a development, but that agreement has subsequently been repudiated as a result of diplomatic issues. Meanwhile, China is seeking to extend its engagement in the region. Investment from either of these two sources would be problematic but it seems there are no other options available. Is it possible for Somalia to pursue a policy of economic development under current conditions without ceding sovereignty of its territory and its economic activities? Would it matter if this did happen? This case would be useful for students taking courses in international business or the political economy of international business.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Pengaturan Kelembagaan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Muh Ali Masnun ◽  
Eny Sulistyowati ◽  
Mahendra Wardhana
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Special Economic Zone ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Economic Zone ◽  
The Government ◽  
Prescriptive Analysis

This study aims to analyze / evaluate the institutional arrangements for SEZs in Indonesia, particularly the formulation of the composition of the Dewan Kawasan and the provisions for determining strategic steps for problems experienced by SEZs. The research method used is normative research supported by primary and secondary legal materials with prescriptive analysis. The results showed that the institutional arrangements for the Special Economic Zone for the composition of the Dewan Kawasan are still blurred (in terms of quality and quantity) and need interpretation. The meaning of the representative of the Government means that power is the authority of the Central Government. The Government Representative in the determination to be part of the Dewan Kawasan needs to regard to the main activities that are developed, so that the management of SEZs can be managed professionally and able to achieve the mandate of the constitution to advance public welfare. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis/mengevaluasi pengaturan kelembagaan KEK di Indonesia, khususnya formulasi komposisi Dewan Kawasan dan ketentuan penetapan langkah strategis atas permasalahan yang dialami sebuah KEK. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian normatif dengan ditunjang dengan bahan hukum primer dan sekunder dengan analisis preskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan kelembagaaan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus untuk komposisi Dewan Kawasan masih kabur (dari sisi kualitas maupun kuantitas) dan perlu penafsiran. Makna wakil Pemerintah berarti adalah kekuasaan yang menjadi kewenangan Pemerintah Pusat. Wakil Pemerintah dalam penentuan menjadi bagian dari Dewan Kawasan perlu memperhatikan kegiatan utama yang dikembangkan, sehingga pengelolaan KEK dapat dikelola secara professional dan mampu mencapai amanah konstitusi untuk memajukan kesejahteraan umum.

Southern Leviathan: The Development of Central State Authority in the Confederate States of America

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 68-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bensel
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Confederate States Of America ◽  
Central State ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Philosophical Orientation ◽  
State Authority ◽  
Social Controls ◽  
Cultural Origins

War has probably been the single most important influence on the development of central state authority in the United States. Although the state-centered mobilization of economic resources and manpower that accompanies military conflict is commonly conceded to have had this effect throughout American history, the centralizing influence of the Civil War on the southern Confederate government has not been accorded the precedent-setting importance it deserves. The consolidation of economic and social controls within the central government of the Confederacy was in fact so extensive that it calls into question standard interpretations of southern opposition to the expansion of federal power in both the antebellum and post-Reconstruction periods. Southern reluctance to expand federal power in those periods has been attributed variously to regional sympathy for laissez-faire principles, the “precapitalist” cultural origins of the plantation elite, and a general philosophical orientation hostile to state development.

PENELITIAN ASPEK PERKOTAAN DUMAI DAN BITUNG DAN KEMUNGKINANNYA SEBAGAI LOKASI KAWASAN EKONOMI KHUSUS DI INDONESIA

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
CB Herman Edyanto
Keyword(s):  
Programming Model ◽  
National Income ◽  
Special Economic Zone ◽  
Good Prospect ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Job Opportunity ◽  
Economic Zone ◽  
The Government

Special Economic Zone has been introduced as a new approach in Indonesia for regional development purposes on the basic of economic activities concentration. Some countries have run such project as part of national income and thus opening new job opportunity for the local people. A concept for its development need to be established since it also affects to the government’s expenditure. This is a chance for the government to open mind in creating new investment from other countries to Indonesia. Two cities have been chosen as cases of study namely Bitung – north Sulawesi Province and Dumai – Riau Province. The first is known as fish processing industry city whereas the second one is known as CPO processing industry city. This study has proved that Dumai has a good prospect as a special economic zone based on the application of Powersim dynamic programming model for its analysis.

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