Tilting the Axis of Global Play: From East/West to South/North

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Schleiner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global South ◽  
Game Studies ◽  
Cultural Paradigms ◽  
Gaming Culture ◽  
Game Industry ◽  
East West

‘Tilting the Axis of Global Play’ presents an historical review of East vs. West tensions between the United States and Japan, drawing past game studies literature. I posit that an East/West framework, although rightly recognizing national and regional cultural differences in the emergence of the game industry, has limits that a South/North perspective better addresses transnationally. Like other industries, the game industry leverages globalization to exploit Southern labor in the fabrication of game consoles and other game hardware. And predominant Northern cultural paradigms are disseminated globally in the fictional scenarios of highly produced Triple A games. Despite this disequilibrium, I make the case that in the global South, players and other gaming culture participants contribute meaningfully to transnational gaming culture.

The Power of Mutual Understanding

Gateway State ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 79-115
Author(s):  
Sarah Miller-Davenport
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Peace Corps ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Educational Exchange ◽  
Intercultural Communications ◽  
The Military ◽  
East West

This chapter investigates how the idealistic imaginings of America's newest state were institutionalized through an effort to establish Hawaiʻi as a center for global educational exchange. Hawaiʻi statehood arrived at a moment when the United States was increasingly going beyond its borders to draw foreign peoples into its orbit. The East-West Center and the Peace Corps both enlisted Hawaiʻi in this effort by designating it as an ideal site for fostering mutual understanding, as a place where foreigners could be trained in American economic and cultural practices and where foreign ways could be demystified for Americans. These efforts would in turn win over people from the decolonizing world, whose racial and cultural differences were seen as obstacles to be conquered in the service of modernization. The ideas on intercultural communications developed at the East-West Center and the Peace Corps would eventually be taken up more broadly, notably by the military in its campaign to secure the allegiance of South Vietnamese peasants.

A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE ACCOUNTING TREATMENT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Nix ◽  
David E. Nix
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
Accounting Rules

This study reviews the literature and the practice of accounting for research and development (R&D) costs from the first reference in 1917 to the current treatment. The conceptual treatment of R&D is compared to current financial accounting rules and explanation of the evolution of the current rules is presented. The economic and social consequences of the current rules which require R&D costs to be expressed are examined. The paper explores possible alternative treatment of R&D costs. As a contrast to U.S. practice, the accounting treatment of R&D costs in other countries is discussed. Given the findings of this paper, a strong case can be made for changing the way that R&D costs are accounted for in the United States.

Trust, but Verify

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Arms Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
East West

This book uses trust—with its emotional and predictive aspects—to explore international relations in the second half of the Cold War, beginning with the late 1960s. The détente of the 1970s led to the development of some limited trust between the United States and the Soviet Union, which lessened international tensions and enabled advances in areas such as arms control. However, it also created uncertainty in other areas, especially on the part of smaller states that depended on their alliance leaders for protection. The chapters in this volume look at how the “emotional” side of the conflict affected the dynamics of various Cold War relations: between the superpowers, within the two ideological blocs, and inside individual countries on the margins of the East–West confrontation.

Mechanisms Contributing to the Warming Hole and the Consequent U.S. East–West Differential of Heat Extremes

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 6394-6408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald A. Meehl ◽  
Julie M. Arblaster ◽  
Grant Branstator
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Convective Heating ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Climate System Model ◽  
East West

Abstract A linear trend calculated for observed annual mean surface air temperatures over the United States for the second-half of the twentieth century shows a slight cooling over the southeastern part of the country, the so-called warming hole, while temperatures over the rest of the country rose significantly. This east–west gradient of average temperature change has contributed to the observed pattern of changes of record temperatures as given by the ratio of daily record high temperatures to record low temperatures with a comparable east–west gradient. Ensemble averages of twentieth-century climate simulations in the Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3), show a slight west–east warming gradient but no warming hole. A warming hole appears in only several ensemble members in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) multimodel dataset and in one ensemble member of simulated twentieth-century climate in CCSM3. In this model the warming hole is produced mostly from internal decadal time-scale variability originating mainly from the equatorial central Pacific associated with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). Analyses of a long control run of the coupled model, and specified convective heating anomaly experiments in the atmosphere-only version of the model, trace the forcing of the warming hole to positive convective heating anomalies in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean near the date line. Cold-air advection into the southeastern United States in winter, and low-level moisture convergence in that region in summer, contribute most to the warming hole in those seasons. Projections show a disappearance of the warming hole, but ongoing greater surface temperature increases in the western United States compared to the eastern United States.

Conclusion: Sincerity Dreams

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Rutten
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Cultural Paradigms ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Inclusive Analysis

This conclusion reflects on today's dreams of renewing or revitalizing sincerity and rejects the notion that they are outdated or do not deserve any of our attention. It cites the work of several scholars to show that sincerity is anything but obsolete in twenty-first-century popular culture. Indeed, today's strivings to renew sincerity have not been neglected by scholars such as R. Jay Magill Jr., Epstein, and Yurchak. The rhetoric on new sincerity has been addressed in thoughtful analyses of contemporary culture that have helped the author in crafting a comprehensive and geographically inclusive analysis of present-day sincerity rhetoric. In post-Communist Russia, debates on a shift to late or post-postmodern cultural paradigms are thriving with at least as much fervor as—and possibly more than—in Western Europe or the United States. This conclusion discusses the newly gained insights which the author's sincerity study offers.

scholarly journals Where have all the susceptible gonococci gone? A historical review of changes in MIC distribution over the past 75 years

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Kenyon ◽  
Jolein Laumen ◽  
Dorien Van Den Bossche ◽  
Christophe Van Dijck
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Consumption ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Loss Of Susceptibility

Abstract Background Does the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae include the erasure of highly susceptible strains or does it merely involve a stretching of the MIC distribution? If it was the former this would be important to know as it would increase the probability that the loss of susceptibility is irreversible.Methods We conducted a historical analysis based on a literature review of changes of N. gonorrhoeae MIC distribution over the past 75 years for 3 antimicrobials (benzylpenicillin, ceftriaxone and azithromycin) in five countries (Denmark, Japan, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States).Results Changes in MIC distribution were most marked for benzylpenicillin and showed evidence of a right shifting of MIC distribution that was associated with a reduction/elimination of susceptible strains in all countries. In the case of ceftriaxone and azithromycin, where only more recent data was available, right shifting was also found in all countries but the extent of right shifting varied and the evidence for the elimination of susceptible strains was more mixed.Conclusions The finding of right shifting of MIC distribution combined with reduction/elimination of susceptible strains is concerning since it suggests that this shifting may not be reversible. Since excess antimicrobial consumption is likely to be responsible for this right shifting, this insight provides additional impetus to promote antimicrobial stewardship.

scholarly journals The emotion-valuation constellation: multiple emotions are governed by a common grammar of social valuation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Sznycer ◽  
Aaron Lukaszewski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Emotions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Valuation ◽  
Common Architecture ◽  
Substantial Degree

Social emotions are hypothesized to be adaptations designed by selection to solve adaptiveproblems pertaining to social valuation—the disposition to attend to, associate with, and aid atarget individual based on her probable contributions to the fitness of the valuer. To steerbetween effectiveness and economy, social emotions need to activate in precise proportion to the local evaluations of the various acts and characteristics that dictate the social value of self and others. Supporting this hypothesis, experiments conducted in the United States and India indicate that five different social emotions all track a common set of valuations. The extent to which people value each of 25 positive characteristics in others predicts the intensities of: pride (if you had those characteristics), anger (if someone failed to acknowledge that you have thosecharacteristics), gratitude (if someone convinced others that you have those characteristics), guilt (if you harmed someone who has those characteristics), and sadness (if someone died who had those characteristics). The five emotions track local valuations (mean r = +.72) and even foreign valuations (mean r = +.70). In addition, cultural differences in emotion are patterned: They follow cultural differences in valuation. These findings suggest that multiple social emotions are governed (in part) by a common architecture of social valuation, that the valuation architecture operates with a substantial degree of universality in its content, and that a unified theoretical framework may explain cross-cultural invariances and cultural differences in emotion.

scholarly journals Introduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-327
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Pierce ◽  
María Amelia Viteri ◽  
Diego Falconí Trávez ◽  
Salvador Vidal-Ortiz ◽  
Lourdes Martínez-Echazábal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Working Group ◽  
American Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Gender And Sexuality Studies ◽  
Hemispheric American Studies

Abstract This special issue questions translation and its politics of (in)visibilizing certain bodies and geographies, and sheds light on queer and cuir histories that have confronted the imperial gaze, or that remain untranslatable. Part of a larger scholarly and activist project of the Feminist and Cuir/Queer Américas Working Group, the special issue situates the relationships across linguistic and cultural differences as central to a hemispheric queer/cuir dialogue. We have assembled contributions with activists, scholars, and artists working through queer and cuir studies, gender and sexuality studies, intersectional feminisms, decolonial approaches, migration studies, and hemispheric American studies. Published across three journals, GLQ in the United States, Periódicus in Brazil, and El lugar sin límites in Argentina, this special issue homes in on the production, circulation, and transformation of knowledge, and on how knowledge production relates to cultural, disciplinary, or market-based logics.

scholarly journals As Tranças de Ifemelu: a Migração e o Entre-lugar no Livro Americanah

2020 ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
CLARA CARDOSO FERREIRA COSTA
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Black Woman ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States

Em Americanah (ADICHIE, 2014), conhecemos Ifemelu, que se descobre nigeriana, imigrante, negra, escritora e mulher, assim que chega aos Estados Unidos e se depara com a necessidade de afirmar e encarar todas as identidades que, previamente, não precisou afirmar. Quinze anos depois, prepara-se para retornar à terra natal, receosa de ser vista como “americanah” (como os nigerianos chamam aqueles que retornam à Nigéria com trejeitos e sotaques estadunidenses). Nesse artigo, analisamos a migração, suas consequências nas identidades dos que se deslocam, as dificuldades no convívio com as diferenças culturais e conceitos como hibridismo e entre-lugar (BHABHA, 1998), a partir da história de Ifemelu. Portanto, faremos uma análise do livro e do desenvolvimento de suas personagens a partir da seguinte trança de conceitos: identidade, cultura, deslocamento, hibridismo e entre-lugar.Palavras-chave: Americanah. Entre-lugar. Migração.Ifemelu’s Braids: Migration and In-between in the Book Americanah ABSTRACTIn Americanah (ADICHIE, 2014), we meet Ifemelu, who discovers herself as a Nigerian, an immigrant, a black woman, a writer and a woman, as soon as she arrives at the United States of America and encounters all of the identities that she did not have to claim previously. Fifteen years later, she prepares herself to go back to her homeland, afraid to be seen as “americanah” (Nigerians use this term to call those who come back to Nigeria with American grimaces and accents). In this article, we analyze migration, its consequences in the identities of those who move, the difficulties they encounter while coexist among cultural differences and concepts as hybridism and in-between (BHABHA, 1998), after Ifemelu’s story. Therefore, we will analyze the book and its characters’ development after the following braid of concepts: identity, culture, displacement, hybridism and in-between.Keywords: Americanah. In-between. Migration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document