De mobilisatie van de nègres blancs d’Amérique : Een geschiedenis van symboliek en schaamte als legitimatie van revolutionair geweld in Québec (1963-1973)

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-346
Author(s):  
Lisa Koks
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Revolutionary Violence ◽  
Political Symbolism ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

Abstract The mobilization of the nègres blancs d’Amérique. Shame and political symbolism as a legitimization for revolutionary violence in Québec (1963-1973)In research on liberation movements, or other social movements, academics tend to look at rational and material motivations ‐ economic, political, social, geographical, and demographic ‐ for revolutionary action. In this article I want to emphasize the leading role of emotions in social action. A vivid example of this is the use of the nègre blanc metaphor in the liberation struggle in Québec in the 1960s and 1970s by the Front de Libération du Québec (FLQ). I argue that the devalued political, cultural, economic, and social position of Québec within Canada created a strong feeling of collective shame. To mobilize the Québécois people for its cause, the FLQ tried to address this collective shame by using the nègre blanc metaphor to describe the deplorable position of Québec. This identification led to active and passive support for the FLQ.

scholarly journals Coins, money and exchange in the Roman world. A cultural-economic perspective

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris Aarts
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Exchange System ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Roman Economy ◽  
Moral Dimensions ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Greek World

Until now, the Roman economy has been discussed primarily in economic terms. After the vehement debate between substantivist and formalists in the 1960s and 1970s, most historians and archaeologists have embraced an essentially substantivist perspective. Although this outlook has proven its value, it also seriously hampers a holistic view on the Roman exchange system by its focus on economic factors. Recent theoretical developments in economic anthropology, particularly through the work of Bloch and Parry, provide a model which is better suited to analysing the exchange system in its social, political and moral dimensions. It has been used succesfully in recent publications of the exchange system in the ancient Greek world. In this article, its possibilities for the Roman exchange system and the role of money in it will be explored.

“We Took ’Em On”

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana M. F. Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Bilingual Education ◽  
School System ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Community Control ◽  
Latino Children ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

Like African Americans, Latinos struggled to navigate Boston’s segregated, inequitable school system during the 1960s and 1970s. Latino children confronted many obstacles including language barriers, inadequate teaching and counseling, dilapidated buildings and overcrowded classrooms, limited curriculums, and severe shortages of materials. They also endured hostility and violence from their peers, dropped out at alarmingly high rates, and were systematically excluded from school for a host of reasons. Despite a rich history of Latino organizing around these issues, Boston’s historical narrative and “busing crisis” framework furthers a black–white binary that renders Latinos invisible. I disrupt this by recovering the role of Latinos in mobilizations for reform in Boston Public Schools. This essay examines the emergence of the Latino educational movement during the 1960s and 1970s, centered on ideas of community control and the right to bilingual education. I draw attention to the experiences of Latino children with ambiguous racial identities, shedding light on complexities that are often overlooked in dominant black–white desegregation narratives. I highlight the agency of ordinary Latino parent activists who worked strategically in and outside the school system, using numerous tactics in the pursuit of educational justice. I focus particularly on the leading role of working-class Latina mothers, who developed their own educational programs outside of school, petitioned the school system for reform, staged public protests, and sought legal appeals. Though interethnic conflicts and divisions emerged, they did not alter the movement’s primary aims, which remained sharply focused on the protection and expansion of bilingual education.

Liberty, gender and sexuality

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Powell
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Cultural Transition ◽  
New Social Movements ◽  
Personal Liberty ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Ways Of Life

Modernisation produced a collision of incompatible ways of life in Ireland. The resulting ‘cultural collisions’ between local and global, modern and traditional, religious and secular, urban and rural — and most significantly personal and political — have produced a profound cultural transition, based on a search for liberty. During the 1960s and 1970s, the rise of new social movements unleashed demands for greater personal liberty in the form of a relaxation of moral codes (notably in relation to the control of sexuality), of censorship, and of restrictions on personal freedom. This chapter explores the role of new social movements as agents of change and transformation, and examines how they contributed to a more open society.

scholarly journals Creating Destinations for a Better Tomorrow: UN Development Aid for Cultural Tourism in the 1960s

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200942097476
Author(s):  
Marie Huber
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Employment Sector ◽  
Development Decade ◽  
Colonial Legacies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
International Experts

Tourism is today considered as a crucial employment sector in many developing countries. In the growing field of historical tourism research, however, the relationships between tourism and development, and the role of international organizations, above all the UN, have been given little attention to date. My paper will illuminate how during the 1960s tourism first became the subject of UN policies and a praised solution for developing countries. Examples from expert consultancy missions in developing countries such as Ethiopia, India and Nepal will be contextualized within the more general debates and programme activities for heritage conservation and also the first UN development decade. Drawing on sources from the archives of UNESCO, as well as tourism promotion material, it will be possible to understand how tourism sectors in many so-called developing countries were shaped considerably by this international cooperation. Like in other areas of development aid, activities in tourism were grounded in scientific studies and based on statistical data and analysis by international experts. Examining this knowledge production is a telling exercise in understanding development histories colonial legacies under the umbrella of the UN during the 1960s and 1970s.

A New Kind of Vanguard: Cuban−North Korean Discourse on Revolutionary Strategy for the Global South in the 1960s

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Moe Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Global South ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Cuban Government ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Harsh Criticism ◽  
Latin American Left ◽  
Leftist Parties

Abstract During the 1960s, the Cuban government attempted to play a leadership role within the Latin American Left. In the process Cuban leaders departed from Marxist−Leninist orthodoxy, garnering harsh criticism from their Soviet and Chinese allies. Yet Cuba found a steadfast supporter of its controversial positions in North Korea. This support can in large part be explained by the parallels between Cuban and North Korean ideas about revolution in the developing nations of the Global South. Most significantly, both parties embraced a radical reconceptualisation of the role of the Marxist−Leninist vanguard party. This new doctrine appealed primarily to younger Latin American militants frustrated with the established leftist parties and party politics in general. The Cuban/North Korean theory of the party had a tangible influence in Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Puerto Rico, El Salvador, Mexico, Bolivia and Nicaragua, as revolutionary groups in these societies took up arms in the 1960s and 1970s.

Tanzania

Jah Kingdom ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique A. Bedasse
Keyword(s):  
Modern History ◽  
Safe Haven ◽  
Pan African ◽  
Pan Africanism ◽  
Freedom Fighters ◽  
African Context ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter sets the pan-African context in which the repatriation occurs. In particular, it explains the rise of Tanzania as a safe haven for African freedom fighters and radical diasporic Africans in the 1960s and 1970s, connecting the repatriation to wider diasporic engagement with Tanzania in this period. It places ujamaa within the context of other African socialisms of the day and highlights the role of pan-Africanism in the making of Tanzania’s modern history.

“It was a jet. It was a jet. It was a jet.”

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-21
Author(s):  
Jessica DuLong
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
The United States ◽  
Staten Island ◽  
Creative Problem ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Maritime Infrastructure ◽  
Maritime Community ◽  
The U.S

This chapter provides a background of the waterborne evacuation that happened after the events of 9/11. New York harbor was, and is, a busy place — the third largest container port in the United States and a vital connection between New York City and the rest of the world. Manhattan is an island, and the realities of island real estate are what ushered the port's industries off Manhattan's shores and over to Brooklyn, Staten Island, and New Jersey in the 1960s and 1970s. By late 2001, maritime infrastructure had been replaced with ornamental fencing. On September 11, 2001, as the cascade of catastrophe unfolded, people found their fates altered by the absence of that infrastructure and discovered themselves dependent upon the creative problem solving of New York harbor's maritime community — waterfront workers who had been thrust beyond their usual occupations and into the role of first responders. Long before the U.S. Coast Guard's call for “all available boats” crackled out over marine radios, scores of ferries, tugs, dinner boats, sailing yachts, and other vessels had begun converging along Manhattan's shores. Hundreds of mariners shared their skills and equipment to conduct a massive, unplanned rescue. Within hours, nearly half a million people had been delivered from Manhattan by boat.

Rocha, Glauber (1939–1981)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Baker
Keyword(s):  
New Wave ◽  
Brazilian Cinema ◽  
French New Wave ◽  
Revolutionary Violence ◽  
New Type ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Brazilian Film ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Film Critic

Glauber Rocha de Andrade (Vitória da Conquista, 1939–1981) was a Brazilian film critic, screenwriter, producer, and director. Arguably the most important director of the cinema nôvo (New Cinema) movement of the 1960s and 1970s, he began his career as a film critic, writing for well-known Brazilian journals about Italian neorealism and the French New Wave – two crucial influences on his own work. His writings criticized Brazil's commercial cinema and called for a new type of film that would represent the reality of Brazilian life. His most famous essay in this regard is "Estética da Fome" ("An Esthetic of Hunger," 1965). The essay reflects on the neo-colonial condition of Brazilian cinema through the analogy of the starvation of the Brazilian people and the intellectual starvation of its cinematic tradition; anti-colonial revolutionary violence is the only possible solution to these plights. This theoretical viewpoint is reflected in his Deu e o Diabo na Terra do Sol (Black God, White Devil, 1964), a film which earned him recognition on the international scene and in Brazil as the unchallenged leader of a new generation.

6. Winning strategies

2017 ◽  
pp. 76-96
Author(s):  
Tristram D. Wyatt
Keyword(s):  
Kin Selection ◽  
Behavioural Ecology ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
Winning Strategies ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Evolution Of Eusociality ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Many

The field of behavioural ecology, developed in the 1960s and 1970s, offered new ideas and provided powerful ways of exploring how behaviour evolves. Behavioural ecology examines how the evolution of behaviour is related to an individual’s chance of survival or reproductive success. ‘Winning strategies’ considers the many successes of behavioural ecology in explaining different animal behaviours: the economic decisions made by certain species when feeding or during reproduction; the role of the sexes in parental care; mating systems; sperm competition and cryptic female choice; sexual conflict; altruistic behaviour; kin selection theory; cooperative breeding; and the evolution of eusociality.

Certification, Lawsuits and the Role of Epidemiology in the Yokkaichi Asthma Episode in the 1960s and 1970s: Lessons and Legacy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danyang Feng
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Certification System ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City ◽  
Asthma Episode

Summary Yokkaichi asthma, one of the four big pollution diseases of Japan, occurred as a result of the operation of local petrochemical complexes in the city of Yokkaichi in the early 1960s. This article explores how Yokkaichi asthma was caused, how it was certified by local government and how the air pollution victims ultimately won a lawsuit against the polluting corporations. Yoshida Katsumi, a Medical Professor at Mie Prefectural University, consulted the Atomic Bomb Medical Law to establish Yokkaichi’s own certification system. Because both leukaemia and asthma are non-specific diseases, they may also be caused by non-pollution-related factors. In the Yokkaichi lawsuit, Yoshida applied the epidemiological causation to the legal judgment for the purpose of providing compensation to individuals. As the case for compensation unfolded from 1967 to 1972, epidemiological knowledge, legal theory and social norms were deployed to advance the plaintiffs’ claim, whose success set a good example for other legal proceedings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document