scholarly journals COVID-19 Cluster in School: A Study on Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations among Cases from Rengas Cluster in Perak, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Syahrizal Abdul Halim ◽  
Nor Azila Muhd Aris ◽  
Muhammad Zikri Fadzil ◽  
Husna Maizura Ahmad Mahir
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Age Group ◽  
District Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Notification System ◽  
Co Morbidity

   Background: A COVID-19 cluster named as Rengas Cluster was declared on 6th November 2020 after nine students from a boarding school in Padang Rengas, Perak diagnosed as positive COVID-19. Risk assessment was conducted and Targeted Enhanced Movement Control Order (TEMCO) was enforced at the school to contain the viral transmission. An investigation was carried out to analyze epidemiological data, clinical manifestations among cases and effect of TEMCO on this cluster.  Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from 2nd August 2021 until 3rd September 2021 using data that obtained from Kuala Kangsar District Health Office Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre (CPRC) Surveillance System through e-COVID notification system. The variables used in this current study include socio-demographic and clinical characteristics that include age group, gender, occupation, co-morbidities, symptoms and signs.  Results: There were 132 cases out of 324 exposed populations whereby most cases were students (87.9%) and aged between 11 and 20 years old (84.8%). More than half of cases were female (57.6%) with only one case had existing co-morbidity. Majority of cases were asymptomatic (64.4%). Those symptomatic mainly presented with cough (66%) and the strongest significant positive correlation were observed between anosmia and ageusia (r = 0.807, n = 47, p < 0.001). There was no significant association between age group and development of symptoms [χ2 (6, N = 132) = 6.014, p > 0.05]. An abrupt decline in number of cases was observed following TEMCO enforcement.  Conclusion: COVID-19 cases in Rengas Cluster were mostly among young students, asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic. This cluster was timely and effectively controlled by TEMCO enforcement which contributed towards early diagnosis, isolation and treatment for more effective control and preventive measures. 

scholarly journals The incidence of postoperative infection in tertiary rural hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1541
Author(s):  
Meghraj Chawada ◽  
Shobha S. Nisale ◽  
Ganesh K. Kharkate ◽  
Sudhir B. Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Postoperative Infection ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Government ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Complication Of Surgery

Background: Post-operative wound infections have been a problem since surgery was started as a treatment modality. Post-operative infections were responsible for 70-80% of deaths until Ignaz Semmelweis and Joseph Lister, in middle of 19th century, introduced methods of infection control by use of antiseptics. Objective was to study the incidence of postoperative infection in tertiary rural hospital.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out at Department of General Surgery, SRTR Rural Government Medical College from September 2015 to August 2016 among 1250 patients. Detailed history, complete and thorough clinical examination was carried out for each and every individual included in the present study. The patients are assessed pre operatively and post operatively.Results: It was found that the maximum cases belong to the age group of 26-35 years i.e. 28.32% followed by age group of 36-45 years (25.68%). The proportion of males was slightly more than females. The most common surgical procedure done was inguinal hernioplasty in 24.96% of cases followed by internal appendectomy in 22.24% of cases. Maximum study subjects had clean surgical procedure in 62.08% of cases. The highest incidence (19.46%) was found in the age group of above 56 years followed by age more than 56 years in 19.46% of cases. It was found that the incidence of SSI was more among females than males. It was found that the incidence of SSI was more among those with some co-morbidity than among those who doesn’t have any co-morbidity.Conclusions: Surgical infections particularly, surgical site infections, have always been a major complication of surgery and trauma. The overall prevalence of surgical site wound infection in the surgical ward was 10.4%.

scholarly journals Effective Control of COVID-19 in South Korea: Cross-Sectional Study of Epidemiological Data

10.2196/22103 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. e22103
Author(s):  
Gwang Hun Jeong ◽  
Hyo Jeong Lee ◽  
Jinhee Lee ◽  
Jun Young Lee ◽  
Keum Hwa Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Korean Government ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Background South Korea is one of the few countries that has succeeded in flattening the curve of new COVID-19 cases and avoiding a second outbreak by implementing multiple strategies, ranging from an individual level to the population level. Objective We aim to discuss the unique strategies and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in South Korea and present a summary of policies implemented by the Korean government during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We designed a cross-sectional study of epidemiological data published by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on October 1, 2020. We analyzed detailed epidemiological information of COVID-19 cases, including the number of confirmed cases and resulting deaths. Results As of October 1, 2020, a total of 23,889 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 415 deaths were reported in South Korea. In this paper, we present data on the epidemiological characteristics and transmission of the disease and discuss how the South Korean government, health care providers, and society responded to the COVID-19 outbreak. Conclusions Understanding the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in South Korea and the government’s successful efforts in managing the spread of the disease can provide important insights to other countries dealing with the ongoing pandemic.

Clinical Characteristics of Noncritical Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Lessons from Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Md Shahed Morshed ◽  
Abdullah Al Mosabbir ◽  
Prodipta Chowdhury ◽  
Sheikh M Ashadullah ◽  
Mohammad Sorowar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Spectrum ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Critical Patients ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

The scientific literatures on clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients from South Asian countries including Bangladesh are limited. Documentation of clinical spectrum from various geographic locations is vital for future scientific studies and clinical management. This study is aimed to report the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of noncritical patients with COVID-19 in Bangladesh. We conducted a cross-sectional study at three dedicated COVID-19 hospitals of Bangladesh. The severity of the COVID-19 cases was assessed based on the WHO interim guidance. Data were collected only from non-critical COVID-19 patients as critical patients required immediate management. A total of 103 real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed noncritical COVID- 19 patients were included. Most of the patients (71.8%) were male. Mild, moderate and severe illness were assessed in 74.76%, 9.71% and 15.53% of patients respectively. Nearly 52.4% patients had a co-morbidity, with hypertension being the most common (34%), followed by diabetes mellitus (21.4%) and ischemic heart disease (9.7%). Fever (78.6%), weakness (68%) and cough (44.7%) were the most common clinical manifestations. Other common symptoms included loss of appetite (37.9%), difficulty in breathing (37.9%), loss of taste or smell (35.0%), headache (32%) and body ache (32%). The median time from onset of the first symptom to attending hospitals was 7 days (interquartile range: 4 - 10). This study will help both the clinicians and epidemiologists to understand the magnitude and clinical spectrum of COVID-19 patients in South Asian perspective including Bangladesh. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 37 Number 2 December 2020, pp 42-46

Questions to the Article: Effective Control of COVID-19 in South Korea: Cross-Sectional Study of Epidemiological Data (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Chun Kuo ◽  
Tsair-Wei Chien ◽  
Willy Chou
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

UNSTRUCTURED We read the study by Jeong et al. on the Effective Control of COVID-19 in South Korea. The paper was written rather well but remained several controversial questions required for discussions, including how (1) to determine the flat infection point(Ipoint for short) at 50 days for South Korea, (2) to ensure other eight counties(eg, United States, Spain, Italy, Japan, Singapore, France, Iran, and the Netherlands) having longer Ipoints than that in South Korea instead of merely observing visual displays, and (3) to confirm no other countries have less Ipoint days that that in South Korea in term of the first 61 days since the 100th confirmed case. We replicated the study using the data-model-fit technique based on item response theory to determine the Ipoint on an ogive curve for each country and found that (1) the Ipoint at 14 days for South Korea, (2) all other eight counties having longer Ipoints(ranged from 33 to 59 days) than South Korea, and (3) 45 countries/regions having Ipoints less than 14 days based on the first 61 days since the 100th confirmed case. The Ipoint to represent the effective control of COVID-19 is an objective and essential measure that can be applied to compare the capability of mitigating COVID-19 among countries/regions.

scholarly journals Heart failure in children: co-morbidities and hospital outcome

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
ABM Mukib ◽  
W Khanam ◽  
Kaji Ishtiaq Sanin ◽  
Rahat Bin Habib ◽  
Omar Khaled Faisal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Medical Support ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Hospital Outcome ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Heart Lesions ◽  
Substantial Morbidity

Heart failure in children is a serious condition, causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Sufficient data regarding various aspects of heart failure in children is not available in our country. This cross sectional study was conducted on 101 patients admitted with the diagnosis of heart failure at ICMH, and NICVD from July 2014 to March 2015 with the aim to identify the co-morbidities and hospital outcome of heart failure in infants and children. In this study most of the patients (53.46%) were infants. Congenital structural heart lesions were found in 67(76.2%) cases. VSD was most common found in 42.5% cases, followed by ASD (31.6%) and PDA (24.7%). Cardiomyopathy (DCM) was diagnosed in 11 (10.9%) cases and 10 patients (9.9%) had valvular defect due to rheumatic recurrence. Anaemia was most common (78.2%) co-morbidity in all age group. Pneumonia was more common (74%) in infants. Total 14 patients (13.9%) died in hospital though getting adequate medical support. This study recommends that diagnosis and treatment of co-morbidities along with appropriate management of acute heart failure is crucial to reduce the mortality and morbidity. Bangladesh Med J. 2018 Jan; 47 (1): 6-10

scholarly journals Cholera Outbreak in Hadhramout, Yemen: The Epidemiological Weeks 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Eidha Ali Bin-Hameed ◽  
Huda Ameen Joban
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cholera Outbreak ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acute Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and aims: Cholera is a disease of acute watery diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae usually transmitted through contaminated water. In this study, we collected and analyzed the related epidemiological data to determine cholera outbreak in Hadhramout, Yemen during the disease epidemic in 2019. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted according to screening rapid diagnostic and confirmatory laboratory culture testing methods for diagnosing clinically cholera cases. Results: Suspected cholera cases were tested by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and 399 (50.5%) out of 794 cases were determined positive, and 76(9.6%) of them were confirmed by laboratory culture test (LCT) with statistically significant difference. Serotype V. cholerae O1 was also detected in patients’ diarrhea. Females were the most affected by the disease manifested in 201 (25.3%) and 43 (5.4%) when tested by RDT and LCT, respectively, with no statistically significant difference. The highest proportion of cholera cases (224) were reported in the age group less than 15 years (56.1%) with statistically significant difference when tested by RDT, and 45(13.3%) when tested by LCT with insignificant statistics difference. Hajr directorate was revealed to be the most affected with 242 (30.47%) followed by Mukalla city directorate with 108 (13.60%) when the cases were tested by RDT; while Hajr and Mukalla city directorates reported 55 (7.0%) and 15 (2.0%), respectively, when it was confirmed by LCT with a statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Severe cholera outbreak occurred during the epidemiological weeks in 2019 in Hadhramout coast. V. cholerae O1 serotype was the causative agent of cholera. Females and age group less than 15 years were the most affected by the disease. Hajr and Mukalla city directorates reported serious outbreak cholera cases.

scholarly journals Clinical manifestations of hepatitis a virus infection in Kyrgyzstan children

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-75
Author(s):  
Mohammed Khorshed Alam ◽  
Mamasaidov At ◽  
Mohammad Sultan Akbar ◽  
Mohammad Billal Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Southern City

Background: Acute hepatitis is one of the more common causes of hepatitis A virus (HAV). Humans appear to be the only reservoir for this virus. Clinical manifestations, and natural history of hepatitis A virus. The relative frequency of hepatitis A virus in Western country.Objectives: Hepatitis A infection developing countries where sanitation is still a public health issue. In Kyrgyzstan, there is no epidemiological data on children for this infection.Materials & Methods: A community based cross sectional study was carried in occurs around the southern city of Osh (Osh region) state in Kyrgyzstan in one of the smaller country central Asia. Total 260 children aged 1-18 years. Blood samples were analysed for anti-HAV total antibody (IgM and IgG) using a ELISA.Results: One hundred and forty four subjects tested positive for anti-HAV total antibody giving a prevalence rate of 55.4%. The median age for those positive was 9 years and for those without evidence of HAV infection was 4 years. 65 (45.1%) males and 79 (54.9) females were positive. The study population was mainly of the low social class with 94.1%.Conclusion: In the study population was HAV infection. Educational campaign is imperative and vaccine provision is advocated to further curb the spread of this infection.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-2, July 2018, Page 73-75

scholarly journals Clomiphene citrate alone versus combined metformin and clomiphene citrate versus combined metformin and clomiphene citrate and drilling versus metformin alone in infertile Indian women with PCOS: a prospective cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1527
Author(s):  
Bhavesh B. Airao ◽  
Parikshit J. Savalia ◽  
Ranjeet V. Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Ovarian Drilling ◽  
Conception Rates

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of infertility and is associated with chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenemia. With associated features like irregular menses, acne and hirsuitism. It is seen in approximately 6% of women in reproductive age group and is one of the most common reproductive abnormality and endocrinopathy. Clomiphene Citrate remains the mainstay of this disorder however addition of metformin to it has been known to improve ovulation and pregnancy. The aim and objectives of the present study were to diagnose the patients with PCOS out of all patients who present with complaints of infertility, to compare ovulation and conception rates with Clomiphene Citrate alone V/S Combined Metformin and Clomiphene Citrate V/S Combined Metformin and Clomiphene Citrate and Drilling V/S metformin alone in Infertile Indian Women with PCOS.Methods: A total of 50 cases with PCOS, in women of age group between 20 to 35 years was studied from June 2017 to December 2017. All of them having chief complain of infertility. Endocrino-histologic correlation and laparoscopic evaluation was confirmed by history, clinical manifestations, USG, laboratory investigations (LH, FSH, Insulin levels etc.) and laparoscopy was done.Results: After administration of Insulin sensitizing agent, Tab. Metformin, 500mg 1 TDS, in management of PCOS who have hyperinsulinemic insulin resistance, there was ovulation with regular menstrual cycles, followed by pregnancy and full term deliveries. Thus, metformin definitely has a role in treatment of PCOS.Conclusions: Metformin down regulated the hyperstimulated reproductive axis and allows for reversal to normoandrogenic state. Hence adding metformin to CC leads to increased ovulatory and conception rates as compared to either of them alone. In cases of laproscopic ovarian drilling spontaneous pregnancy rates showed no statistically significant correlation between the degree of fall in AMH but the chances of successful conception may improve after Ovarian drilling.

scholarly journals ORIGINAL ARTICLE: CLINICAL PROFILE AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DIPHTHERIA CASES IN RUANG ISOLASI KHUSUS RSUD DR SOETOMO FROM JANUARY UNTIL DECEMBER 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Andi Airina Binti A Agus ◽  
Dominicus Husada ◽  
Pudji Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complications And Mortality ◽  
Age Shift

Abstract. Background Diphtheria is a vaccine-preventable disease and is eradicated mostly in developed countries. But the prevalence of diphtheria cases still remains endemic in developing countries such as Indonesia, mainly in East Java. Purpose: To study the clinical profile and epidemiological aspects of diphtheria cases admitted in Ruang Isolasi Khusus RSUD Dr. Soetomo in 2015. Method: This research is a hospital-based, cross-sectional study. The samples are all patients admitted in Ruang Isolasi Khusus RSUD Dr Soetomo with the diagnosis of diphtheria in 2015. Results: There were 23 diphtheria cases reported in Ruang Isolasi Khusus RSUD Dr. Soetomo in 2015. The most prevalent age group was 6 until 10 years old (56.52%) and the most common gender was male (57%). Most of the patients came from a non-endemic area (82.61%) and most of them are not fully vaccinated (73.91%). There are more unknowledgeable mothers (91%) about DPT immunization. The most prevalent clinical manifestations are fever, dysphagia and pseudomembrane (100%). Tonsillar diphtheria (86.96%) was the most prevalent type of diphtheria presented. There were no complications and mortality reported and the main managements used were isolation (100%), antibiotics (100%) and anti diphteria serum (82.61%). Conclusion: There is an age shift in the occurrence of diphtheria to 6 until 10 years of age. The immunization coverage especially the booster dose is still low among the patients. Less knowledge about DPT immunization contributes to low childhood immunization coverage. No complications and mortality reported.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF APPROPRIATENESS IN PRESCRIPTION OF GERIATRIC POPULATION IN RESIDENTS OF OLD AGE HOMES USING MAI CRITERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salmanul Faris A ◽  
Satish S ◽  
A R Shabaraya
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Care Outcome ◽  
Health Care Outcome

WHO evaluated that in every nine people there is one elderly individual, i.e. of age >60 years. Compared to young adults, elderly persons have more illnesses, as ageing is often accompanied by chronic diseases, co-morbidity, disability and social isolation. MAI was developed to evaluate appropriateness of medications in all age group. Objective of the study was to assess polypharmacy and appropriateness in prescription. A cross sectional study was carried out for a period of 6 months to assess medication appropriateness. Patients of both sexes above 60 years of age, with at least one chronic illness were included. Out of 481 drugs 32 drugs were marginally inappropriate and 53 drugs were inappropriate according to MAI criteria and 12 participants were completely frail according to GFI (GFI Score ≥4). Polypharmacy and PIM are highly prevalent in geriatric population, which has a major health care outcome. Standard criteria should be considered before prescribing the medications in geriatric population. Keywords: Geriatrics, polypharmacy, MAI.

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