STUDIES ON THE WEED FLORA OF AGASTYAMUNI BLOCK, RUDRAPRAYAG
DISTRICT, UTTARAKHAND

Weed commonly called ‘khar- kabad’ in Uttarakhand or ‘kharpatvar’ in India, and is one of the major biological constraints that limits crop productivity. The present communication pertains to survey and inventory of weed flora in Agastyamuni block of district Rudraprayag, Uttarakhand. The study was based on extensive and intensive field survey made during July 2018 to October 2019. During the study period the authors have reported a total 312 species belonging to 188 genera and 54 families from dicots, monocots and pteridophyta. Asteraceae was found to be the most dominant family followed by Poaceae, Lamiaceae and Fabaceae respectively. Survey results also revealed that most of the recorded species were annuals followed by perennials and biennials. Most abundant species were Bidense pilosa, Chenopodium album, Erigeron canadensis, Cynodon dactylon, Gallinsogo parviflora, Eupatorium adenophorum, Oxalis conrniculata, Parthenium hysterophorus, Lantana camara, Soncchus arvensis, Ageratum conozoides, Plantago major, Ganaphallium lutealbum, Siegesbeckia orientalis, Youngia japonica, Amaranthus virids, Stellaria media and Phalaris minor. Many weeds are ethnobotanically important and utilized by the local community.

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Growth of weeds in cereal populations

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.71806 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 19-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Leila-Riitta Erviö

Keyword(s):

Chenopodium Album ◽

Total Yield ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Individual Plant ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Plant Weight ◽

Seed Rate ◽

Polygonum Convolvulus ◽

Cereal Seed

The weeds in this study consisted mainly of Chenopodium album, Stellaria media, Viola arvensis, Polygonum convolvulus, P. aviculare and P. lapathifolium. Increasing cereal seed rates reduced the numbers, individual weights and total yields of the most abundant species, Chenopodium album. The decreases in plant weight and total yield of the weeds were very steep when the cereal seed rate was raised from 25 to 200 kg/ha. Increases in the seeding rate reduced the total yields of weeds rather than their numbers. The effect of the cereal on weeds became apparent as soon as heading of the cereal was complete and was further enhanced by prolonged competition. Added nitrogen raised the weed yields at cereal seed rates of 25—100 kg/ha but reduced them at higher seed rates. Nitrogen also raised the yield and individual plant weight of C. album. Cereal seed rate did not affect the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium contents of the weeds grown among the crop. Due to larger total weed yields, however, the amounts of these nutrients in the weeds were higher in sparse than in dense cereal populations.

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Weed flora and weed management of field peas in Finland

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.2137/145960605774826037 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 189 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. SALONEN ◽

T. HYVÖNEN ◽

H. JALLI

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Good Control ◽

Organic Production ◽

Grass Species ◽

Weed Species ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Cropping Practices ◽

Weed Flora ◽

Crop Stand

The composition of the weed flora of dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) fields and cropping practices were investigated in southwestern Finland. Surveys were done in 20022003 in 119 conventionally cropped fields and 64 fields under organic cropping. Herbicides were applied to 92% of conventionally cropped fields where they provided relatively good control but were costly. Weeds were controlled mechanically only in five fields under organic production. A total of 76 weed species were recorded, of which 29 exceeded the 10% frequency level of occurrence. The average number of weed species per field was 10 under conventional cropping and 18 under organic cropping. The most frequent weed species in both cropping practices were Chenopodium album, Stellaria media and Viola arvensis. Elymus repens was the most frequent grass species. The difference in species composition under conventional and organic cropping was detected with Redundancy Analysis. Under conventional cropping, features of crop stand and weed control explained 38.7% and 37.6% of the variation respectively. Under organic cropping the age of crop stand and field location (y co-ordinate) respectively explained best the variation. Weeds could be efficiently managed with herbicides under conventional cropping, but they represented a significant problem for organic production. Mixed cultivation of pea with cereals is recommended, particularly for organic cropping, as it favours crop competition against weeds.;

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The weeds in onion and their control

Biljni lekar ◽

10.5937/biljlek2105675k ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 675-685

Author(s):

Bojan Konstantinović ◽

Milena Popov ◽

Nataša Samardžić ◽

Tijana Stojanović

Keyword(s):

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Datura Stramonium ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Control Measures ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Setaria Glauca

The protection of onions from the weeds and their negative impact in the field production is one of the most important measures. The onion is exceptionally succeptible to the weeds, especially in the first phases of the growth, considering the weak initial growth of the crop in comparison with the weeds. The seasonal dynamics of the onion weeds is not so noticeable like with the other crops, while the weeds that appear most frequently are: Amaranthus blitoides, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Chenopodium album, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Cynodon dactylon, Datura stramonium, Portulaca oleracea, Setaria glauca and Stellaria media. The chemical control measures mean the herbicide use before or after the emergence of the crop and the weeds. Before the emergence the herbicides based on aclonifen and pendimethaline can be used, while after the emergence herbicides based on fluroxypir, clopyralid, fluazifop-P-butyl, clethodim, quizalofop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P-tefuryl and propaquizafop are used.

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Weed flora in organically grown spring cereals in Finland

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.5689 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 231-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

J. SALONEN ◽

T. HYVÖNEN ◽

H. JALLI

Keyword(s):

Chenopodium Album ◽

Control Measures ◽

Grass Species ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Weed Species ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Weed Flora ◽

Elymus Repens ◽

Spring Cereals ◽

Organically Grown

The weed flora in organically grown spring cereals was investigated in southern and central Finland in 1997-1999 with the primary purpose of determining the species composition and the level of weed infestation. Altogether 165 fields were surveyed in the middle of the growing season. A total of 126 weed species were found, of which 42 exceeded the frequency level of 10%. The most frequent weed species were Chenopodium album, Stellaria media, Galeopsis spp. and Viola arvensis. Elymus repens was the most frequent grass species. The average density of weeds was 469 plants m-2 (median 395), and the air-dry biomass was 678 kg ha-1 (median 567) which accounted for 17% of the total biomass of the crop stand. Infestation by Chenopodium album and the perennial species Elymus repens, Cirsium arvense and Sonchus arvensis is of major concern. Weed control strategies should include direct control measures to overcome weed problems related to the conversion period from conventional to organic growing.

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Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule), Common Chickweed (Stellaria media), Shepherd's-Purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris), and Field Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense): Fecundity, Seed Dispersal, Dormancy, and Emergence

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-13-00074.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 97-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Erin C. Hill ◽

Karen A. Renner ◽

Christy L. Sprague

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Seed Fate ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Thlaspi Arvense ◽

Emergence Patterns ◽

Field Pennycress ◽

Winter Annuals ◽

Winter Annual

Winter annual weeds protect the soil from erosion and retain nutrients during the winter; however, they can also act as a host for crop pests and pathogens and impede planting. Increased knowledge of the reproductive biology and the seed fate of winter annuals would be useful to improve management and crop productivity. The objectives of this research were to determine the recruitment biology of shepherd's-purse, henbit, common chickweed, and field pennycress, including seed production, dispersal, dormancy, and seedling emergence, based on growing degree days (GDD). Henbit was the least prolific of the four weeds studied, producing 800 to 40,000 seeds m−2at naturally occurring densities; shepherd's-purse was the most prolific, producing 11,000 to 400,000 seeds m−2with 40 to 230 plants m−2. Fifty percent seed rain occurred for henbit, common chickweed, shepherd's-purse, and field pennycress at 620, 790, 880, and 1300 GDDBase,0C, respectively. Overall, seeds were dormant for all species at the time of dispersal. In 2 of 3 yr, dormancy of later-dispersed common chickweed decreased after 6 mo of storage at natural, fluctuating temperatures in the absence of water. The emergence patterns of the four species followed the Gompertz equation and were indicative of facultative winter annuals. The emergence patterns by rate were similar between henbit and common chickweed and between shepherd's-purse and field pennycress. Seed production, dispersal, dormancy, and seedling emergence were influenced by moisture; therefore, including a precipitation or soil moisture component into a GDD model (such as the use of hydrothermal time) would improve the accuracy of predicting winter annual reproduction, seed fate, and emergence.

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Evaluation of Different Weed Management Practices on Growth Variables and Yield of Wheat Varieties

Asian Plant Research Journal ◽

10.9734/aprj/2020/v5i430112 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 7-30

Author(s):

Md. Golam Mostafa ◽

Syed Arvin Hassan ◽

Md. Ehsanul Haq ◽

Md. Ahasan Habib ◽

Kaniz Fatema ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽

Weed Species ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Hand Weeding

A field experiment was conducted in medium fertile soil at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during November 2017 to April 2018 in Rabi season with a view to evaluate the performance of wheat varieties under different weed control methods. The experiment was carried out with three varieties i.e. BARI Gom-28, BARI Gom-29 and BARI Gom-30 in the main plot and five weed management methods viz. control (no weeding), two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, Panida 33EC (Pendimethalin) @ 2000 ml ha-1 at 5 DAS pre-emergence, Afinity 50.75WP (Isoproturon) 1500 g ha-1 at 25 DAS as post-emergence herbicide and Panida 33EC (Pendimethalin) @ 2000 ml ha-1 at 5 DAS + Afinity 50.75WP (Isoproturon)1500 g ha-1 at 25 DAS in the sub plot in split plot design. Nine different major weed species were found in the field such as Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Echinochloa colonum, Eleusine indica, Chenopodium album, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Brassica kaber, Leliotropium indicum, Vicia sativa. Results reveled that BARI Gom-30 contributed the highest grain yield 3.01 tha-1. Pre-emergence application of Panida 33EC controlled weeds significantly which showed highest growth followed by yield achieved in wheat. BARI Gom-30 in combination with Panida 33EC produced the highest grain yield 3.52 tha-1 while the lowest grain yield 2.09 t ha-1 was obtained from BARI Gom-28 with no weeding treatment. Results reveled that Panida 33EC (pre-emergence) was found more effective to controlling weeds in wheat. Results of the study finally reveled that Panida 33EC might be considered as a feasible option for combating weed and ensuring higher yield in wheat cultivation.

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Experimentation of grapevine cultivation in organic system, on five different Romanian vineyards

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Horticulture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:12206 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 175

Author(s):

Aurora Maria Ranca ◽

Victoria Artem ◽

Ionica Dina ◽

Liliana Parcalabu ◽

Maria Iliescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Growing Season ◽

Lobesia Botrana ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Mean Annual Temperature ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Annual Average ◽

Organic System ◽

Polygonum Aviculare

In five Romanian vineyards, in 2013-2014 period was experimented organic system growing on grape varieties for wine representative for each area, here are applied organic growing technology in parallel with the conventional (control). White varieties studied are: Chardonnay (Murfatlar and Valea Calugareasca), Sauvignon blanc and Muscat Ottonel(Tarnave), Feteasca regala (Tarnave, Bujoru and Copou-Iasi). Red varieties are Cabernet Sauvignon (Murfatlar and Valea Calugareasca) and Merlot (Bujoru).Concerning evolution of main climatic factors for the years 2013-2014 it is show that the annual average air temperature increase compared with the average of the years 1991-2010; is observed an increasing in mean annual temperature, mean temperature during the growing season and the value of sum of sunshine hours. The water regime was kept constant, registering values close to the annual average, both during the growing season and at entire year. The weeds spectrum is represented both by dicotyledonous as knotweed (Polygonum aviculare), Veronica (Stellaria media), news (Amaranthus retroflexus), bindweed (Convolvurus arvensis) and monocotyledonous as grass thick (Cynodon dactylon).Concerning the phytosanitary status, at Murfatlar were registered problems with oidium attack, with all main disease at Dealu Mare and with downy mildew at Bujoru. In all areas the pest has been found are: grape mouth (Lobesia botrana) and spiders (Tetranichus sp.). Schemes of treatments focused generally on substances bassed on copper and sulfur to combat diseases and for pests have been used pheromonal traps or other certified organic products.The grapes harvest was lower in organic plots with till 25%; their quality being close at both growing variants.

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Appropriate Wastewater Treatment and Reuse in Morocco – Boujad: A Case Study

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1991.0250 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 24 (9) ◽

pp. 205-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. B. Niedrum ◽

A. Karioun ◽

D. D. Mara ◽

S. W. Mills

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Local Community ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Waste Stabilisation Ponds ◽

Fertilizer Value ◽

Untreated Wastewater ◽

Hot Arid Climate ◽

Treatment Facilities

Reuse of wastewater for crop irrigation is essential to sustain agricultural growth in a country such as Morocco where water resources are scarce due to the hot, arid climate. However few towns in Morocco have sewage treatment facilities and reuse with untreated wastewater is therefore widespread, and the public health risks from excreta related disease high. A suitable treatment system to provide safe water for irrigation is the use of waste stabilisation ponds, which provide an effluent high in microbiological quality and also high in fertilizer value due to the large amounts of algae which are normally discharged. It was therefore decided to implement an integrated waste stabilisation pond, effluent reuse system as a demonstration scheme of the advantages, both in terms of improved crop productivity and public health of the local community. The town of Boujad in Kouribga Province was selected as a suitable site and this paper describes the background to the development.

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Effect of tillage method and weeding regime on soil weed seed bank status and yield performance of wheat

Progressive Agriculture ◽

10.3329/pa.v27i1.27528 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 9-19

Author(s):

MJ Khatun ◽

M Begum ◽

MM Hossain

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Seed Bank ◽

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Weed Species ◽

Sonchus Arvensis ◽

Tillage Method ◽

Tillage Methods

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory and net house of the Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from November 2012 to March 2014. Wheat (cv. BARI Gom-26) was sown with two tillage methods viz., (i) conventional tillage and (ii) stale seedbed technique and nine weeding regimes viz., (i) Unweeded (Control), (ii) Weed free, (iii) Hand weeding (HW) at 15 Days after sowing (DAS), (iv) HW at 15 and 45 DAS, (v) HW at 25 and 45 DAS (vi) HW at 25 DAS (vii) HW at 25 and 60 DAS (viii) 2,4-D amine at 15 DAS and (ix) 2,4-D amine at 15 DAS + HW at 60 DAS. The design was split-plot with three replications where tillage method was assigned to the main plots and weeding regime to the sub plots. Conventionally tilled plots were infested with 12 weed species of which the five most dominant weed species in descent order were Polygonum coccineum L, Chenopodium album L, Cynodon dactylon L., Sonchus arvensis L. and Cyperus rotundus L. In stale seedbed out of 15 weed species Digitaria sanguinalis L. and Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lamk. was dominant instead of Chenopodium album L. and Sonchus arvensis L. identified in conventional tillage. In soil weed seed bank study, 28 species were identified in conventional tillage and 30 in stale seedbed. Among them annuals were dominant over perennials and broadleaves over grasses and sedges. In conventional tillage, the five most dominant weed species in descent order were Chenopodium album L., Hedyotis corymbosa L., Sonchus arvensis L., Polygonum coccineum L. and Rotala ramosior L. while in stale seedbed, five dominant weeds were Polygonum coccineum L., Chenopodium album L., Cynodon dactylon L., Lindernia procumbens Krock. and L. hyssopifolia L. Except the number of spikelets spike-1, rest of all other yield attributes and yield of wheat were affected significantly by the tillage methods. Stale seedbed technique yielded the higher grain (3.54 t ha-1) and the conventional tillage yielded the lower (3.13 t ha-1). The effect of weeding regime was significant on wheat except plant height and 1000-grain weight. The highest grain yield (3.85 t ha-1) was recorded from weed free treatment followed by 2,4-D amine at 15 DAS and lowest (3.22 t ha-1) from control. Interaction between the treatments was also. The highest grain yield (4.09 t ha-1) was recorded from the stale seedbed technique kept weed free followed by 2,4-D amine at 15 DAS and lowest grain yield (3.04 t ha-1) recorded from the conventional tillage retained unweeded.Progressive Agriculture 27 (1): 9-19, 2016

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