Comparative analysis of medical, legal, and ethical considerations for establishing a standard operating protocol for artificial insemination by donor

This study proposes a novel coding framework to quantify and categorize the differences between Work-As-Imagined (WAI) and Work-As-Done (WAD) based on the Safety-II perspective. While the Safety-I approach focuses on controlling deviations from Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) as the solution to prevent incidents, this framework aims to describe and code workers’ adaptive behavior while executing their tasks. The proposed framework checks three attributes for each step; “Skip,” “Order,” and “Action” to help decide if WAI aligns with WAD. The framework was tested by applying it to an actual work environment in a petrochemical facility. Initial findings successfully demonstrated the ability of the framework to describe the differences between WAI and WAD.

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485 Optimisation of The Evening Surgical Handover Process in A Large Tertiary Surgical Department - A Quality Improvement Project

British Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1093/bjs/znab134.433 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

P Brennan ◽

D Holroyd

Keyword(s):

Quality Improvement ◽

Quality Improvement Project ◽

Improvement Project ◽

Team Members ◽

Surgical Department ◽

Significant Variability ◽

Standard Operating ◽

Handover Process ◽

Audit Standards ◽

Standard Operating Protocol

Abstract Introduction The aim of the project was to improve the quality and effectiveness of the evening surgical handover in a large tertiary surgical department, incorporating up to 150 patients. Method Audit standards were derived from GMC and RCSEng guidelines. An initial audit of the evening handover was conducted over a period of two weeks. Following this, a standard operating protocol (SOP) was introduced, with re-audit 4-weeks following implementation. Results The initial audit identified an inconsistent format and significant variability. Few handovers commenced with all team members present (11%) and were uninterrupted (33%). A laminated handover SOP checklist was produced and a new proforma was introduced to document tasks or reviews required overnight. A mandatory evening surgical HDU round was invoked and a “watchers” system was introduced to identify patients at highest risk of deterioration. Re-audit demonstrated significant improvements in all domains to > 85%. ICU referrals overnight decreased from 6% to 2%. Further improvements measures were implemented in the form of a dynamic virtual handover document. Conclusions A structured SOP improved the consistency of the handover process. A night review of all HDU patients reduced the rate of ICU referrals. Implementation of virtual handover processes may be required in the COVID-era.

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Effect of two pre-freezing methods on quality of sexed semen in Ettawa Grade goat

Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture ◽

10.14710/jitaa.43.4.405-411 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 405

Author(s):

Y.S. Ondho ◽

S.B. Udrayana

Keyword(s):

Liquid Nitrogen ◽

Operating Procedure ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Standard Operating Procedure ◽

Bottom Layer ◽

Frozen Semen ◽

Standard Operating ◽

Non Linear ◽

Sexed Semen

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of pre-freezing different procedures to the quality of Ettawa Grade goat frozen semen-sexing. The research material was semen sexing consisted of 2 layers those were top layer and bottom layer. The quality of frozen semen sexing was observed by comparing the pre-freezing technique (factory standard operating procedure: FSOP) according to the Artificial Insemination Center operating procedure (pre-freezing by placing the straw of semen for about 4 cm above liquid nitrogen for 9 minutes) with the modification procedure (MP), pre-freezing by placing the straw of semen 16 cm above liquid nitrogen for 9 minutes and then it was lowered to 4 cm above liquid nitrogen for 9 minutes during the pre-freezing phase. The parameters observed were motility, progressive motility, hyperactivation, and sperm linearity. Data were analyzed using Student's t-test.The results of this study indicated that the quality of sexed-semen in the standard operating procedures of frozen semen compared to the treatment of modifications to the top and bottom layers were motility at the top layer (46.06 ± 7.52% vs 55.6 ± 7.78%) and bottom layer (36.82 ± 6.49% vs. 41.47 ± 6.57%); progressive top layer (16.34 ± 4.27 vs. 32.83 ± 5.9%) and bottom layer 15.97 ± 2.72% vs. 19.79 ± 3.97%); hyperactivity in the top layer (0.81 ± 0.6% vs 4.09 ± 1.98%) and the bottom layer (0.71 ± 0.68% vs. 1.50 ± 1.05%); linearity consisted of linear and non-linear, the top layer (12.19 ± 2.94 vs. 20.52 ± 3.97%) and bottom layer (12.32 ± 2.63 vs 14.70 ± 2.6); while non-linear in top layer (0.14 ± 0.2 vs 0.68 ± 0.85%) and bottom layer (0.4 ± 0.13% vs 0.34 ± 0.4%). The conclusions in this study indicated that the quality of the frozen sexed-semen that has processed by pre-freezing modification technique was better than the frozen sexed-semen obtained from the Artificial Insemination Center Standard Operating procedure.

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A Pragmatic Approach to the Intentional Stance Semantic, Empirical and Ethical Considerations for the Design of Artificial Agents

Minds and Machines ◽

10.1007/s11023-021-09567-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Guglielmo Papagni ◽

Sabine Koeszegi

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Everyday Life ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Design Guidelines ◽

Virtual Agents ◽

Intentional Stance ◽

Artificial Agents ◽

Social Goal ◽

Pragmatic Approach ◽

Ethical Considerations

AbstractArtificial agents are progressively becoming more present in everyday-life situations and more sophisticated in their interaction affordances. In some specific cases, like Google Duplex, GPT-3 bots or Deep Mind’s AlphaGo Zero, their capabilities reach or exceed human levels. The use contexts of everyday life necessitate making such agents understandable by laypeople. At the same time, displaying human levels of social behavior has kindled the debate over the adoption of Dennett’s ‘intentional stance’. By means of a comparative analysis of the literature on robots and virtual agents, we defend the thesis that approaching these artificial agents ‘as if’ they had intentions and forms of social, goal-oriented rationality is the only way to deal with their complexity on a daily base. Specifically, we claim that this is the only viable strategy for non-expert users to understand, predict and perhaps learn from artificial agents’ behavior in everyday social contexts. Furthermore, we argue that as long as agents are transparent about their design principles and functionality, attributing intentions to their actions is not only essential, but also ethical. Additionally, we propose design guidelines inspired by the debate over the adoption of the intentional stance.

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Prevalence of needle stick injuries among health care workers of various hospitals: a cross sectional study in an urban district of North India

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211265 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 1976

Author(s):

Shweta Rajpal ◽

Sunil Kumar Garg ◽

Tanveer Bano ◽

Ganesh Singh

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

North India ◽

Needle Stick Injury ◽

Urban District ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Private Hospitals ◽

Needle Stick ◽

Standard Operating ◽

Needle Stick Injuries ◽

Standard Operating Protocol

Background: Needle stick injuries (NSI) are one of the dreaded but preventable occupational hazard posed to health care worker in various clinical settings. The causes of NSI includes injuries caused by use of hypodermic needles, blood collection needles, needles in intravenous delivery systems, needles in diagnostic aspiration procedures and needle in interventional or surgical procedures. In developing countries, needle stick injuries prevalence is also related to lack of standard operating protocol in various institution.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was carried out in 384 paramedical, technical, auxiliary and sanitary staff of three government and three private hospitals of Meerut from November 2015 to October 2016.Results: In our study, Overall prevalence of NSI was 77/384 (20.1%). Among sub-groups, needle stick injury was 26.6% and 31.3% in nurses, 37.5% and 16.7% in technicians, 15% and 12.5% in wardboys/aaya and 15.6% and 9.4% in sweepers of public and private hospitals respectively.Conclusions: Standard operating protocol is the need of the hour at every medical institution and hospitals for NSI. Regular training regarding NSI, promoting early reporting and availability of immediate Post exposure prophylaxis should be ensured.

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