scholarly journals A Pragmatic Approach to the Intentional Stance Semantic, Empirical and Ethical Considerations for the Design of Artificial Agents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guglielmo Papagni ◽  
Sabine Koeszegi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Virtual Agents ◽  
Intentional Stance ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Social Goal ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Ethical Considerations

AbstractArtificial agents are progressively becoming more present in everyday-life situations and more sophisticated in their interaction affordances. In some specific cases, like Google Duplex, GPT-3 bots or Deep Mind’s AlphaGo Zero, their capabilities reach or exceed human levels. The use contexts of everyday life necessitate making such agents understandable by laypeople. At the same time, displaying human levels of social behavior has kindled the debate over the adoption of Dennett’s ‘intentional stance’. By means of a comparative analysis of the literature on robots and virtual agents, we defend the thesis that approaching these artificial agents ‘as if’ they had intentions and forms of social, goal-oriented rationality is the only way to deal with their complexity on a daily base. Specifically, we claim that this is the only viable strategy for non-expert users to understand, predict and perhaps learn from artificial agents’ behavior in everyday social contexts. Furthermore, we argue that as long as agents are transparent about their design principles and functionality, attributing intentions to their actions is not only essential, but also ethical. Additionally, we propose design guidelines inspired by the debate over the adoption of the intentional stance.

scholarly journals Exposure to robotic virtual agent affects adoption of intentional stance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Parenti ◽  
Serena Marchesi ◽  
Marwen Belkaid ◽  
Agnieszka Wykowska
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Agents ◽  
Intentional Stance ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Virtual Agent ◽  
Virtual Character ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Behavioral Features ◽  
Human Likeness ◽  
Virtual Interaction

Understanding how and when humans attribute intentionality to artificial agents is a key issue in contemporary human and technological sciences. This paper addresses the question of whether adopting intentional stance can be modulated by exposure to a 3D animated robot character, and whether this depends on the human-likeness of the character's behavior. We report three experiments investigating how appearance and behavioral features of a virtual character affect humans’ attribution of intentionality toward artificial social agents. The results show that adoption of intentional stance can be modulated depending on participants' expectations about the agent. This study brings attention to specific features of virtual agents and insights for further work in the field of virtual interaction.

Agency and rationality: Adopting the intentional stance toward evolved virtual agents.

Decision ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Pantelis ◽  
Timothy Gerstner ◽  
Kevin Sanik ◽  
Ari Weinstein ◽  
Steven A. Cholewiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Agents ◽  
Intentional Stance

Research of the motivation and long-term objectives of Bulgarian and Serbian students

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Borukova ◽  
Vladimir Kotev
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Educational Development ◽  
Variation Analysis ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The University ◽  
Personal Assessment

Education is an activity requiring lengthy efforts and perseverance, as well as skills for acquiring information and its creative usage. All this is based on prolonged motivation, directly related to the improvement of the educational development and the consecutive professional realization. Long-term objectives serve as coordinating terms leading to particular goals in the everyday life and thus, behaviour could be rationalized and directed in a longer prospective towards both the past and the future. The aim of the present study is to survey the opinion and personal assessment of the long-term motivation of students from NSA “Vassil Levski”, Sofia and students from Nish, Serbia. The research was conducted from November 2016 to May 2017. It was done among 96 students (45 fourth-year students at NSA and 51 students from the University in Nish). The students had to fill out a test consisting of 10 questions related to their personal assessment of their long-term motivation. The results of the study were processed mathematically and statistically by: variation analysis, relative share, comparative analysis of two independent samples and comparative analysis of the frequency distributions with χ² – the Pearson criterion.According to the generalized conclusions, a higher percentage of the Bulgarian students is directed towards long-term objectives and prospects than the percentage of the Serbian students. Women are more motivated in their long-term development than men but there are not statistically significant differences along all the questions. Athletes’ motivation is higher than the average one for the whole population. We believe, however, that the motivation changes in the course of the studies and we assume it is higher for the students who are about to graduate.

The role of media within young people’s socialization: A theoretical approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-426
Author(s):  
Ingrid Paus-Hasebrink
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Developmental Tasks ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Perception Action

Abstract Researching the role of media within young people’s socialization requires an integrative approach that understands socialization as a contextual, interlinked process in which children construct their approach to life against the background of ‘developmental tasks’ and of the relevant social contexts. This article presents a praxeological approach that combines subjective and structural components of practice and that has been put into practice by means of a qualitative longitudinal-panel study on children’s socialization. The approach is based on three analytical concepts, options for action, outlines for action, and competences for action, and advances an interlinkage of subjective perception, action-driving orientations, and everyday-life practices against the backdrop of (changing) socio-structural conditions.

scholarly journals CONCEPT INTERPRETATION FIELD AS A CONDUCTOR BETWEEN CONCEPT UNIVERSALITY AND ITS LINGVOCULTURAL SPECIFICITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-96
Author(s):  
Nataliia Popova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
World View ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Concept Image ◽  
Collective Consciousness ◽  
Cognitive Characteristics ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
The Everyday

The article is devoted to the study of the mechanisms of universal concepts transformation into linguocultural mental units, a significant place among which belongs to the concept interpretive field which is defined as a series of cognitive characteristics interpreting the concept image and its notional content during its personal or collective consciousness practical comprehension. Changes within the prototype core and the conceptual field, arising due to the expansion of concept interpretation field during its historical development, have been analyzed in the research. Due to the semantic-cognitive and comparative analysis, changes within the interpretive field of the Spanish concepts CABALLERO, BANDERA and MACHO have been determined. It was clarified that the expansion of the interpretation field is accompanied by the modification of concept notional, associative and axiological components under the influence of social, historical, psychological and emotional peculiarities of the Spaniards. These modifications are reflected in the evaluative, conceptual, paremiological, utilitarian and regulatory zones of the concept interpretative field. It is established that the acquisition of the linguistic-cultural specificity by a universal concept occurs during its transition from the philosophical, religious or state-ideological type of consciousness to the everyday-life one, where the concept is rethought by the Spaniards in accordance with their world view and life realities. The boundaries of the concept interpretation field are expanded by its intellectual reflection under the influence of the people’s historical memory and revealed in literary works, music, painting and cinematography.

scholarly journals Chapter 9 - Theory of Mind and Joint Attention - The Handbook on Socially Interactive Agents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo Pérez-Osorio ◽  
Eva Wiese ◽  
Agnieszka Wykowska
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Joint Attention ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Virtual Agents ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Social Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Intelligent Virtual Agents

The present chapter provides an overview from the perspective of social cognitive neuroscience (SCN) regarding theory of mind (ToM) and joint attention (JA) as crucial mechanisms of social cognition and discusses how these mechanisms have been investigated in social interaction with artificial agents. In the final sections, the chapter reviews computational models of ToM and JA in social robots (SRs) and intelligent virtual agents (IVAs) and discusses the current challenges and future directions.

New social bandits? A comparative analysis of gangsterism in the Western and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-196
Author(s):  
Theodore Petrus ◽  
Irvin Kinnes
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Effective Intervention ◽  
Gang Violence ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
The Social

Gang violence has been extensively highlighted as an issue of national concern in South Africa. Gangs also pose concerns about the social contexts of the communities in which they are found. The Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces have had the most prolific occurrences of gangsterism. Here gangs have demonstrated unique characteristics that set them apart from gangs in other areas. This article examines the context of gangsterism in the selected provinces by means of a comparative analysis. The purpose is to provide some strategies for effective intervention. The discussion also interrogates how or why intervention efforts may have failed and what could be improved in order to strengthen the chances of success of future interventions in affected communities.

Virtual Reality in Object Location

2021 ◽  
pp. 307-324
Author(s):  
Graciela Lara López
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Object Location ◽  
Virtual Agents ◽  
Intelligent Virtual Agents

Currently, virtual reality (VR) is a computer technology that is growing in terms of developments and discoveries. Virtual reality has been introduced in different areas due to the growing interest it has caused in people. The development of applications with virtual reality is increasingly varied, covering activities, tasks, or processes of everyday life in the fields of industry, education, medicine, tourism, art, entertainment, design, and modeling of objects, among others. This chapter will focus on describing the latest advances and developments in virtual reality within the scope of representing reality in the process of locating objects. With the support of virtual environments and intelligent virtual agents, the author has managed to develop a computational model that generates indications in natural language, for the location of objects considering spatial and cognitive aspects of the users.

Spirituality in nursing: A concept analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1327-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Murgia ◽  
Ippolito Notarnicola ◽  
Gennaro Rocco ◽  
Alessandro Stievano
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Concept Analysis ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Inductive Method ◽  
Work Organizations ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Spiritual Nature ◽  
History Of

Background: Spirituality has always been present in the history of nursing and continues to be a topic of nursing interest. Spirituality has ancient roots. The term ‘spirituality’ is interpreted as spirit and is translated as breath and soul, whereas spirituality (immateriality) is spiritual nature. Historically, the term spirituality is associated with the term religiosity, a definition that persists today, and often the two terms are used interchangeably. In the healthcare context, the construct is still. Objective To clarify the concept of spirituality in nursing. Research design In this article spirituality was explored using Rodgers' evolutionary and inductive method of concept analysis. Participants and research context For this analysis, a sample of 71 articles published in English, from 2008 to 2018 from PubMed/Medline, CINAHL Plus with full text, PsycINFO, SciELO databases were retrieved. It was also accomplished an empirical search of dictionaries and e-books. Ethical considerations This study was conducted according to good scientific practice. Findings It emerged that “spirituality” is a dynamic process and has a range of attributes. The cultural dimensions, the religious and spiritual traditions, the ethnic diversity and the influence of the historical and social contexts represent the societal and historical conditions ingrained in the Western thought that influence the emergence of spirituality as a concept. Antecedents, attributes and onsequences appeared to inform and strengthen one another over time. Spirituality is a significant concept for the discipline of nursing with profound consequences for caring patients and for work organizations.

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