scholarly journals Multiple variants of oral candidiasis as a predictor for HIV/AIDS diagnosis-A case report

Biomedicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-376
Author(s):  
Ramadurai Jayapriya ◽  
T.N. Uma Maheswari ◽  
V Mukundh Chaithanya
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Common Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Physically Challenged ◽  
Aids Diagnosis

Oral candidiasis is the most common opportunistic infection in human immunodeficiency virus infection. History, clinical examination, investigation and diagnosis of oral candidiasis is important for early diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection. Pseudomembranous candidiasis and erythematous candidiasis are associated with immune compromised state and so it is of prognostic significance like reduction in the viral load and CD4 positive T lymphocytes. In this case report, we present a case of a 34-year-old physically challenged asymptomatic male who came for replacement of mandibular anterior tooth who was diagnosed with all four common variants of oral candidiasis which predicted HIV infection. Quality of life of the patient was improved after the diagnosis and treatment.  

scholarly journals Empiric treatment of diarrhea in patient with HIV infection: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Susanto ◽  
I. Made Bayu S. Dana ◽  
Ketut Suryana
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Common Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Upper Abdomen ◽  
Stool Cultures

Diarrhea is common opportunistic infection in patient with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Diarrhea in patient with HIV infection that contributes the negatively to quality of life. The etiology of diarrhea in patient with HIV infection is multifactorial include infectious, non-infectious, ART-association diarrhea. In addition, this diarrhea can be associated with empiric therapy. This article a 31 years old male patient with 3 days fatigue and diarrhea. Physical examination dry mucous membranes, abdominal pain especially in in the upper abdomen and increase small bowel peristalsis. Stool examination test doesn’t have blood, parasites, and fungi. Stool cultures for Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter organisms no presence. The treatment metronidazole oral 500 mg every 8 hours was again performed. Metronidazole is available for the management of diarrhea in patient with HIV that can’t be treated with other antibiotics.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among tuberculosis patients at tertiary care combined hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
Rakesh Basavareddy ◽  
Asha Basavareddy ◽  
Shimoga Laxman Ravi ◽  
Bilagumba Ramu Kiran ◽  
Gadwalkar R. Srikant
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Seroprevalence ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Background and Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have reached epidemic proportions in our country. This study was undertaken to know the seroprevalence of HIV infection among TB patients and to evaluate the various clinical features of TB in seropositive and seronegative patients. This study was undertaken in Vijayanagara Institute of Medical Sciences, Bellary. It was cross-sectional comparative observational study conducted from December 2010 to May 2012. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 consecutive patients diagnosed with TB satisfying inclusion criteria were selected for the study. All patients went through a detailed evaluation along with testing for HIV seroprevalence. Chi-square and Student’s t-tests used to find the significance between two groups. Results: The overall HIV seroprevalence among TB patients was 8%. Seroprevalence was highest in the age group between 31 and 40 years at 29.41% (odds ratio [OR] = 11.11, P = 0.003). It was found that seropositive TB patients were more likely to present with significant weight loss (OR = 19.25, P= 0.000), and have lymphadenopathy OR = 13.24, P = 0.002) and oral candidiasis (OR = 49.44, P = 0.000) on examination. Bilateral chest radiographic involvement (OR = 57.40, P = 0.000) and the disseminated variety of the disease (OR = 29.67, P = 0.001) are also more probable. Conclusions: Human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence is quite high among TB patients in Bellary. During the evaluation of TB patients, the possibility of HIV co-infection should be kept in mind, and thus adequate knowledge of the likely clinical features is absolutely necessary.

scholarly journals Bilateral Epidural Hematoma In A Patient With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: A Case Report

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-270
Author(s):  
Bilal Kelten ◽  
Alper Karaoglan ◽  
Mehmet Alpay Cal ◽  
Osman Akdemir ◽  
Turker Karanci
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Epidural Hematoma ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Loco-Regional BCGitis Revealing a HIV Infection in an Infant: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Ibtissam Khattou ◽  
Ouidad Louachama ◽  
Noureddine Rada ◽  
Ghizlane Draiss ◽  
Mohammed Bouskraoui
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Specific Complication ◽  
Disseminated Disease

The BCG disease is a specific complication of the Bacille Calmette and Guerin (BCG) vaccine. It is often in the form of benign local BCGitis, however the BCGosis is a lethal disseminated disease that can occur in a patient with immunodeficiency. The prognosis depends on the immune status of the patient, and the quality of management. Therapeutic modalities are very controversial. In this article, the authors report a case of loco-regional BCGitis revealing an HIV infection.

scholarly journals HIV, Homosexuality and Depression – Challenges at Primary Care: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Fadzilah Mohamad ◽  
Lee Ping Yein ◽  
Maliza Mawardi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Sex With Men

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a chronic lifelong infectious disease that greatly impairs the quality of life. HIV and men who have sex with men (MSM) are seen to be synonyms to each other and both were shown to be the risks for depression. This case report is about a homosexual man who contracted HIV via the MSM activity. Being both homosexual and HIV-infected had given him a lot of negative impacts, stigma and discrimination, which drove him into having major depressive disorder. Having depression with underlying HIV and homosexuality has made this case complicated and challenging, especially when it has to be managed at the primary care level.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 04 No. 02 April’20 Page : 145-147

scholarly journals HIV Infection with Membranous Nephropathy in a Low HIV Prevalent Muslim Country, Bangladesh: A Case Report

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-63
Author(s):  
Tabassum Samad ◽  
Wasim Md Mohosin Ul Haque ◽  
Mehruba Alam Ananna ◽  
Muhammad Abdur Rahim ◽  
Sarwar Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Membranous Nephropathy ◽  
Infected Patient ◽  
Muslim Country ◽  
Renal Manifestation ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Nephrotic Range Proteinuria

The most common renal manifestation of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is HIV associated nephropathy (HIVAN). In this report, we describe a case that was referred for evaluation of proteinuria. Diagnostic workup revealed HIV infection with membranous nephropathy (MN). As he had sub-nephrotic range proteinuria and normal renal function we did not start any treatment for membranous nephropathy and for anti-retroviral therapy he was sent to a referral center. Being an uncommon variety of nephropathy in HIV infected patient in one of the lowest HIV prevalent country, we are reporting the case.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v16i1.22408 J MEDICINE 2015; 16 : 61-63

scholarly journals Effect of antifungal treatment on the prevalence of yeasts in HIV-infected subjects

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 1279-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrudula Patel ◽  
Joanne T. Shackleton ◽  
Maeve M. Coogan
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Carrier Rate ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Common Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Unstimulated Saliva ◽  
Hiv Negative

Oral candidiasis, the most common opportunistic infection in patients with HIV infection, is usually associated with Candida albicans. Several factors may influence the carriage of Candida, including immunocompromised conditions and HIV infection, colonization by yeasts from different geographical areas and antimycotic treatment. This study investigated the Candida carrier rate, level and types of yeast in HIV-positive and -negative subjects, and the effect of previous exposure to antifungal drugs on the level of yeasts in HIV-positive patients in Gauteng, South Africa. Unstimulated saliva was collected from 332 HIV-positive patients and 100 HIV-negative subjects and cultured for yeasts. The number and species of yeast were determined. HIV-positive patients who carried yeasts were divided into two groups depending upon their previous antifungal drug exposure, and the level of Candida carriage in each group was compared. The Candida carrier rate in the HIV-positive patients (81.3 %) was slightly higher than previously reported and significantly higher (P<0.001) than in the HIV-negative group (63 %). The carrier rate in the HIV-negative group was also higher than in earlier studies. Fourteen per cent of the HIV-positive patients carried more than 10 000 c.f.u. ml−1 whereas none of the HIV-negative subjects carried this large a number of yeasts (P<0.001). Seventy per cent of the yeasts were identified as C. albicans and approximately 30 % as non-albicans species. In conclusion, the Candida carrier rate is higher in the South African population than elsewhere. HIV-positive patients carry more and a greater variety of yeasts than HIV-negative subjects. Exposure to antifungal drugs has no effect on the level of yeast carriage in HIV-positive patients.

scholarly journals Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Vesicouterine Fistula Using Low-Tech Methods in Low Resource Setting of Northern Ghana. A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Vesicouterine Fistula ◽  
Obstetric Practice ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Low Resource Setting

Vesicouterine fistula is a rare but increasing phenomenon in obstetric practice. Early diagnosis and treatment will go a long way to reduce the associated morbidity as well as improve the quality of life of its victims. Our case exemplifies how the use of simple techniques can diagnose and bring great relief to such patients.

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