scholarly journals Dwelling on a Successful Task

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. jep.047915
Author(s):  
Ida K. Flink ◽  
Madelon L. Peters ◽  
Sofia Bergbom ◽  
Marie Bergman ◽  
Karin Ekstrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Emotional Difficulties ◽  
Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
Processing Mode ◽  
Repetitive Thinking ◽  
Negative Thinking ◽  
Positive Material ◽  
Negative Thoughts

Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) has been identified as a key maintaining process of emotional difficulties. However, the consequences of repetitive thinking may depend on whether negative thoughts or feelings are processed in an abstract, evaluative mode, or in a concrete, process-focused mode. In recent years an increasing number of studies has also explored the effect of processing mode in relation to positive events, yielding inconsistent results. So far, the studies using positive material have not examined the interaction between trait rumination and processing mode. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to further explore the effects of abstract vs. concrete mode of processing on positive affect and negative affect in the context of a success task in a sample scoring high on trait rumination. 62 participants were randomly assigned to abstract vs. concrete processing training prior to a success task. The results showed that positive affect increased whereas negative affect and state RNT decreased after the success task in both groups. However, abstract vs. concrete processing did not have an effect on outcome. The findings indicate that processing mode does not influence outcome in the context of a success task.

scholarly journals Repetitive Negative Thinking in Anticipation of a Stressor

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. McEvoy ◽  
Michelle L. Moulds ◽  
Alison E.J. Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Repetitive Thinking ◽  
Negative Thinking ◽  
Negative Thoughts ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
Principal Axis Factor Analysis ◽  
Why Questions ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Sad Music

Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) has been confirmed as a transdiagnostic phenomenon, but most measures of RNT are contaminated with diagnosis-specific content. The first aim of this study was to examine the structure of an anticipatory version of the Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire (RTQ-Ant) as a trans-emotional measure of anticipatory RNT. The original RTQ was completed with reference to a past stressor, whereas the RTQ-Ant instructs respondents to link their responses to a future stressor. The second aim was to test if the associations between a range of emotions (anxiety, depression, shame, anger, general distress) and the original post-stressor version of the RTQ would be replicated. Undergraduates (N = 175, 61% women) completed the RTQ-Ant, along with measures of various emotions, with reference to upcoming university exams. Principal axis factor analysis yielded many similarities between the original post-event RTQ and the RTQ-Ant, and some differences. The RTQ-Ant was comprised of two subscales: the RNT subscale measures engagement in repetitive thinking, negative thoughts about oneself, and ‘why’ questions; and the Isolated Contemplation (IC) subscale included items referring to isolating oneself and reflecting on negative thoughts, feelings, loneliness, and listening to sad music. RNT was more strongly related to negative emotions than IC. The RTQ-Ant appears to be a reliable measure of anticipatory RNT that is associated with a broad array of emotions.

scholarly journals The Importance of Positive Events When Living With Chronic Pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 309-309
Author(s):  
Julie Kircher ◽  
Susan Charles ◽  
Nancy Sin ◽  
David Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
Pain Status ◽  
Daily Events ◽  
Multi Level

Abstract Chronic pain is a common condition in later life that is related to high levels of anxiety and depression. One reason why chronic pain is related to affective distress is that this condition may prevent people from deriving the same positive emotions from enjoyable activities. Few studies, however, have examined how exposure and reactivity to daily events differ by chronic pain status. We hypothesized that those with chronic pain will have less exposure and less positive affect reactivity to positive daily events compared to those without chronic pain. Participants from the diary substudy of MIDUS (N = 1,733; nChronicPain = 658, nNoPain = 1,075; M = 56 years-old) completed eight interview days. Chronic pain status was unrelated to the frequency of positive events. Multi-level models revealed that although people with chronic pain had lower levels of daily positive affect, they reacted more positively to daily events (γ = -.033, SE = .010, p < .0001). As a result, levels of daily positive affect on days when people experienced a positive event did not vary by pain status (MChronicPain = 2.73, MNoPain = 2.75). People with chronic pain averaged higher levels of daily negative affect compared to people without chronic pain (MChronicPain = .21, M NoPain =.20), but, on days when they experience a positive event, those with chronic pain had a greater decrease in their negative affect. Findings suggest that positive events impact those with chronic pain more than they do individuals without chronic pain.

Women With Generalized Anxiety Disorder Show Increased Repetitive Negative Thinking During the Luteal Phase of the Menstrual Cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1037-1045
Author(s):  
Sophie H. Li ◽  
Thomas F. Denson ◽  
Bronwyn M. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽  
Negative Thinking

Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a transdiagnostic feature of psychiatric disorders. Women report greater RNT than do men, yet the association between uniquely female characteristics, such as fluctuating sex hormones during the menstrual cycle, and RNT has not been established. Here we examined changes in RNT and anxiety symptoms across the menstrual cycle in women with ( n = 40) and without ( n = 41) generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Women with GAD reported an increase in RNT and negative affect from the follicular phase to the luteal phase; unexpectedly, this was not associated with changes in anxiety symptoms, estradiol, or progesterone. Nonanxious women reported no changes in RNT or anxiety symptoms over the menstrual cycle, but higher within-participants progesterone was associated with reduced RNT and negative affect. These results indicate that uniquely female biological processes may influence core cognitive processes that underlie anxiety disorders, but further investigations to determine the implications for symptom severity are required.

scholarly journals 0234 Sleep Timing and Duration Predict Levels of Repetitive Negative Thinking the Following Day

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A90-A90
Author(s):  
E Stewart ◽  
C Acenowr ◽  
M Coles
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Monitoring ◽  
Negative Thinking ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Introduction Several forms of psychopathology characterized by repetitive negative thinking (RNT) are also associated with problems in sleep timing and sleep duration (Morin & Ware, 1996). These relations have been documented in cross-sectional studies but only a few studies have investigated this relation using a prospective design. This study aimed to: (1) replicate cross-sectional findings linking sleep duration and sleep timing to RNT and (2) use prospective longitudinal methods to extend previous research regarding this relation. Methods Participants (N = 127) were undergraduates who completed daily measures of sleep, mood, and RNT for 18 days. Participants mean age was 19.31(SD = 1.41) and 49% were male, and 60% were Caucasian. Measures included the Perseverative Thoughts Questionnaire, the Sleep-50, and a Daily Monitoring Questionnaire (DMQ) comprised of items from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results Insomnia severity and circadian disruption severity was correlated with RNT, and these relations remained significant after statistically controlling for the influence of negative affect (Insomnia: r(123)=.22, p=.01; Circadian: r(123)=.21, p=.02). When looking longitudinally within person Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) revealed later bedtimes (t(125) = 2.01, p = .05) and shorter sleep durations (t(125) = -3.17, p = .002) were predictors of heightened RNT the next day, even after statistically controlling for negative affect (RNTij=π oj+π 1j(RNT_lag) + π 2j(bedtime_lag/hours slept_lag) + π 3j(mood_lag) + eij). RNT did not predict sleep variables when running the reverse of these models, yet negative affect emerged as a significant predictor of sleep timing (t(125) = 2.41, p = .02) and sleep duration (t(125)= -2.44, p=.02), indicating that mood, not RNT, may influence bedtimes and hours slept. Conclusion Results indicate that bedtime and sleep duration may be contributors to RNT, and that sleep disruptions may precede the onset of RNT. If future studies replicate the current study’s findings, then sleep variables may serve as an important area of intervention and prevention of excessive RNT. Support N/A

Measuring repetitive negative thinking: Development and validation of the Persistent and Intrusive Negative Thoughts Scale (PINTS).

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1329-1339
Author(s):  
Natasha R. Magson ◽  
Ronald M. Rapee ◽  
Jasmine Fardouly ◽  
Miriam K. Forbes ◽  
Cele E. Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽  
Negative Thinking ◽  
Negative Thoughts ◽  
Development And Validation

scholarly journals Is a High Association Between Repetitive Negative Thinking and Negative Affect Predictive of Depressive Symptoms? A Clustering Approach for Experience-Sampling Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 216770262110094
Author(s):  
Mina Stefanovic ◽  
Tabea Rosenkranz ◽  
Thomas Ehring ◽  
Edward R. Watkins ◽  
Keisuke Takano
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽  
High Association ◽  
Negative Thinking ◽  
Bidirectional Association

A reciprocal relationship between repetitive negative thinking (RNT) and negative affect (NA) has been found in various types of psychopathology. Recent studies have suggested that the magnitude of this association can vary across time and individuals, which may inform future psychopathology. Here, we explored how these dynamics and interplays are manifested in student and general populations using a statistical clustering algorithm. Across three experience-sampling data sets, our clustering analyses consistently identified two groups of individuals; one group had a higher bidirectional association between RNT and NA (and also higher inertia) than the other group. Furthermore, a prospective analysis revealed that the group with the higher bidirectional association is at risk of developing depressive symptoms during the 3-month follow-up period if they had experienced high levels of NA over the experience-sampling phase. These findings suggest that the dysfunctional affective and cognitive dynamics would be a promising target of preventive intervention.

scholarly journals Age Discrimination During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Associations With Daily Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 180-181
Author(s):  
Lydia Ong ◽  
Patrick Klaiber ◽  
Anita DeLongis ◽  
Nancy Sin
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Positive Events

Abstract During the COVID-19 pandemic, ageist attitudes have been pervasive in public discourse, interpersonal relationships, and medical decision-making. For example, older adults have been portrayed as vulnerable while younger adults have been portrayed as reckless. The current study examined age discrimination during COVID-19 and associations with daily affect and physical symptoms. Positive events and age were examined as moderators. From March to August 2020, 1493 participants aged 18-91 (mean=40) in the U.S. and Canada completed surveys for seven consecutive evenings about discrimination, positive events, affect, and physical symptoms. Multilevel models controlled for age, race, income, education, sample (university students vs. community), and country of residence. Results indicated that individuals who reported more age discrimination had higher negative affect (b=36.44, SE=3.97), lower positive affect (b=-19.07, SE=4.10), and increased physical symptoms (b=3.85, SE=0.49; p<0.001 for all), compared to those with fewer reports of age discrimination. Within-persons, days with age discrimination were associated with higher negative affect (b=3.66, SE=1.36, p=0.008), lower positive affect (b=-2.60, SE=1.23, p=0.037), and increased physical symptoms (b=0.26, SE=0.11, p=0.02), compared to days on which age discrimination was not reported. Positive events moderated the between-person association of age discrimination with physical symptoms such that individuals with more age discrimination and more frequent positive events reported fewer daily physical symptoms than those with more age discrimination and less frequent positive events. Age did not moderate the associations. Age discrimination was associated with poorer daily well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic and may have long-term impacts on intergenerational solidarity and attitudes toward aging.

scholarly journals Shedding light on the association between repetitive negative thinking and deficits in cognitive control – a meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Zetsche ◽  
Paul - Christian Bürkner ◽  
Lars Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽  
Negative Thinking ◽  
Primary Sample ◽  
Negative Thoughts

This manuscript has been published in Clinical Psychology Review ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2018.06.001).Individuals who experience recurrent negative thoughts are at elevated risk for mood and anxiety disorders. It is thus essential to understand why some individuals get stuck in recurrent negative thinking (RNT), whereas others are able to disengage eventually. Theoretical models propose that individuals high in recurrent negative thinking suffer from deficits in controlling the contents of working memory. Empirical findings, however, are inconclusive.In this meta-analysis, we synthesize findings from 94 studies to examine the proposed association between RNT and deficits in cognitive control. We included numerous effect sizes not reported in the primary publications. Moderator analyses tested the influence of variables, such as stimuli valence, cognitive control function (e.g., shifting, discarding), or type of RNT (i.e., rumination or worry).Results demonstrated an association between repetitive negative thinking and deficits in only one specific cognitive control function, namely difficulty discarding no longer relevant material from working memory (r = -0.20). This association remained significant after controlling for level of psychopathology. There was no substantial association between RNT and deficits in any other cognitive control function. All other moderators were not significant. We discuss limitations (e.g., primary sample sizes, reliability of paradigms) and highlight implications for future research and clinical interventions.

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