scholarly journals Shedding light on the association between repetitive negative thinking and deficits in cognitive control – a meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Zetsche ◽  
Paul - Christian Bürkner ◽  
Lars Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽  
Negative Thinking ◽  
Primary Sample ◽  
Negative Thoughts

This manuscript has been published in Clinical Psychology Review ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2018.06.001).Individuals who experience recurrent negative thoughts are at elevated risk for mood and anxiety disorders. It is thus essential to understand why some individuals get stuck in recurrent negative thinking (RNT), whereas others are able to disengage eventually. Theoretical models propose that individuals high in recurrent negative thinking suffer from deficits in controlling the contents of working memory. Empirical findings, however, are inconclusive.In this meta-analysis, we synthesize findings from 94 studies to examine the proposed association between RNT and deficits in cognitive control. We included numerous effect sizes not reported in the primary publications. Moderator analyses tested the influence of variables, such as stimuli valence, cognitive control function (e.g., shifting, discarding), or type of RNT (i.e., rumination or worry).Results demonstrated an association between repetitive negative thinking and deficits in only one specific cognitive control function, namely difficulty discarding no longer relevant material from working memory (r = -0.20). This association remained significant after controlling for level of psychopathology. There was no substantial association between RNT and deficits in any other cognitive control function. All other moderators were not significant. We discuss limitations (e.g., primary sample sizes, reliability of paradigms) and highlight implications for future research and clinical interventions.

Research on capital structure determinants: a review and future directions

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Kumar ◽  
Sisira Colombage ◽  
Purnima Rao
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the status of studies on capital structure determinants in the past 40 years. This paper highlights the major gaps in the literature on determinants of capital structure and also aims to raise specific questions for future research. Design/methodology/approach The prominence of research is assessed by studying the year of publication and region, level of economic development, firm size, data collection methods, data analysis techniques and theoretical models of capital structure from the selected papers. The review is based on 167 papers published from 1972 to 2013 in various peer-reviewed journals. The relationship of determinants of capital structure is analyzed with the help of meta-analysis. Findings Major findings show an increase of interest in research on determinants of capital structure of the firms located in emerging markets. However, it is observed that these regions are still under-examined which provides more scope for research both empirical and survey-based studies. Majority of research studies are conducted on large-sized firms by using secondary data and regression-based models for the analysis, whereas studies on small-sized firms are very meager. As majority of the research papers are written only at the organizational level, the impact of leverage on various industries is yet to be examined. The review highlights the major determinants of capital structure and their relationship with leverage. It also reveals the dominance of pecking order theory in explaining capital structure of firms theoretically as well as statistically. Originality/value The paper covers a considerable period of time (1972-2013). Among very few review papers on capital structure research, to the best of authors’ knowledge; this is the first review to identify what is missing in the literature on the determinants of capital structure while offering recommendations for future studies. It also synthesize the findings of empirical studies on determinants of capital structure statistically.

Dependent Stress Generation Mediates the Relation Between Poor Cognitive Control and Repetitive Negative Thinking in Emerging Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 216769682110549
Author(s):  
Morgan M. Taylor ◽  
Hannah R. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Negative Thinking ◽  
Maladaptive Thinking

Poor cognitive control has been associated with maladaptive thinking, like rumination and worry, that increase risk for internalizing psychopathology. However, little research has investigated how cognitive control is associated with commonalities between rumination and worry (i.e., repetitive negative thinking; RNT). The current study aimed to investigate how cognitive control predicts engagement in a common component of RNT over time via an indirect mechanism of dependent stress generation in a one-semester longitudinal study of emerging adult college students ( N = 224). Executive functioning task performance and self-reported attentional control (not working memory capacity task performance) prospectively predicted RNT, mediated by dependent stress, but did not predict change in stress or RNT from baseline. These findings suggest that aspects of cognitive control relevant for successful goal pursuit may be involved with maintaining levels of stressful life events and subsequent RNT.

Spontaneous Self-Distancing Mediates the Association Between Working Memory Capacity and Emotion Regulation Success

2020 ◽  
pp. 216770262095363
Author(s):  
T. H. Stanley Seah ◽  
Lindsey M. Matt ◽  
Karin G. Coifman
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Treatment Target

Self-distancing is associated with adaptive emotion regulation (ER), thereby making it a common treatment target across psychotherapies. However, less is known about cognitive processes that facilitate self-distancing. Working memory capacity (WMC) has been associated with self-distancing and ER, although research has not directly examined WMC and spontaneous self-distancing activity. Here, we tested the association between WMC and self-distancing (indexed by pronoun use) in relation to ER during a negative-mood induction in college students ( N = 209). Results suggested a mediation model: Higher WMC predicted lower I and greater we pronouns (i.e., greater self-distancing), which in turn predicted lower negative affect. Furthermore, higher WMC predicted greater we pronouns, which predicted higher positive affect. No significant mediation was observed for you. These findings enrich current theoretical models describing WMC and self-distancing in ER and suggest important future research to further elucidate the cognitive processes underlying self-distancing with implications for clinical practice.

scholarly journals Putative Brain Networks Underlying Repetitive Negative Thinking and Comorbid Internalizing Problems in Autism

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Burrows ◽  
Kiara R. Timpano ◽  
Lucina Q. Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cognitive Vulnerability ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽  
Negative Thinking ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Many high-functioning individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also experience depression and anxiety, yet little is known about mechanisms underlying this comorbidity. Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) about self-referential information is a transdiagnostic cognitive vulnerability factor that may account for the relationship between these two classes of symptoms. We propose a model where negative self-referential processing and cognitive inflexibility interact to increase risk for RNT, leading to internalizing problems in ASD. Examination of interactions within and between two well-characterized large-scale brain networks, the default mode network and the salience network, may provide insights into neurobiological mechanisms underlying RNT in ASD. We summarize previous literature supporting this model, emphasizing moving toward understanding RNT as a factor accounting for the high rates of internalizing problems in ASD. Future research avenues include understanding heterogeneity in clinical presentation and treating cognitive flexibility and RNT to reduce comorbid internalizing problems in ASD.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of working memory training – points to consider for future research

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Rafal Szewczyk
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Working Memory Training ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Strong Correlate

Abstract Working memory training (WMT) has recently become one of the most debated issues in the field of cognitive psychology. Since working memory (WM) is considered a strong correlate of IQ, numerous researchers have been trying to increase the latter by training the former. Proven effectiveness of working memory training could lead to its application in the therapy of many cognitive impairments. WMT could be also used as a tool of improving cognitive functioning of healthy subjects. However, almost every publication claiming to provide evidence for achieving one of above mentioned objectives has been criticised, mostly because of methodological shortcomings. The aim of my presentation is to extract potential sources of inconsistencies existing between the authors of meta-analysis and reviews of WMT research. For this reason I take a closer look at results and conclusions of several meta-analysis and reviews. As a result I point few indications that should be taken into consideration in future studies on WMT effectiveness.

scholarly journals The effects of cognitive-behavior therapy for depression on repetitive negative thinking: A meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Spinhoven ◽  
Nicola Klein ◽  
Mitzy Kennis ◽  
Angélique O.J. Cramer ◽  
Greg Siegle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavior Therapy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽  
Negative Thinking

scholarly journals Repetitive Negative Thinking in Social Anxiety Disorder 2: Post-Event Processing

2016 ◽  
Vol a4 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Sluis ◽  
Mark J. Boschen ◽  
David L. Neumann ◽  
Karen Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Event Processing ◽  
Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽  
Negative Thinking

Cognitive models of social anxiety disorder (SAD) emphasize post-event processing as a prominent maintaining factor that occurs after social-evaluative events. Post-event processing involves repetitive negative thinking revolved around perceived social failure. The present review concentrates on the relevant and available empirical literature on post-event processing in social anxiety which centres on Clarke and Wells (1995) theoretical framework. Correlational and experimental studies have investigated the relationship between post-event processing and the behavioural, physiological, cognitive and affective outcomes for socially anxious individuals. The majority of study designs include those investigating post-event processing in response to social-evaluative threat, and in response to treatment. Limitations of the existing literature are discussed and suggestions for future research examining the underlying cognitive functions of post-event processing are proposed.

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