scholarly journals Automatization and Retention of Literacy Skills in Adult Learners

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-36
Author(s):  
James M Bebko ◽  
Thomas Rhee ◽  
Carly McMorris ◽  
Magali Segers
Keyword(s):  
Adult Literacy ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adult Readers ◽  
Skill Retention ◽  
Literacy Interventions ◽  
Reading Grade Level ◽  
Component Skills ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Findings from recent efficacy studies comparing literacy program types suggest that struggling adult readers often make limited to moderate gains across varied types of literacy interventions, with no specific approach consistently surpassing others to date. An alternative to comparing program types is to investigate whether there are specific characteristics or skills that vary by individual that can predict higher gains and skill retention across program type. Using an experimental, prospective, longitudinal design, the present study examined the role of automatization (over-learning) of component skills involved in reading during participation in general literacy programs. On average, participants in the study gained the equivalent of one full reading grade-level after participation in programs for six months. The degree of automatization of reading skills was found to be the strongest predictor of gains made during programs; a measure of automatization was also the strongest predictor of subsequent retention of skills, months later at follow-up testing. Implications for adult literacy practitioners and directions for future research related to skill retention are discussed.

scholarly journals An RDoC-Based Approach to Adolescent Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors: The Interactive Role of Social Affiliation and Cardiac Arousal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin W Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Peer Conflict ◽  
Biological Stress ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Transition To Adolescence ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB) increase dramatically across adolescence. Despite the prevalence and severity of these outcomes, remarkably little research has elucidated why adolescence represents a particularly high-risk period for the emergence of SITB. Recent theoretical models have posited that SITB may result from failures in biological stress regulation in the context of social stress. However, there is a lack of data examining these associations during the transition to adolescence, a sensitive period of development that is characterized by changes across socio-affective and psychophysiological domains that may interact to heighten risk for SITB. The present study used a prospective longitudinal design among 147 adolescents. We built on advantages offered by the RDoC framework to test the interaction of experiences of social conflict (i.e., parent and peer conflict) with cardiac arousal (i.e., resting heart rate) to predict adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal ideation (SI) across one year. Longitudinal analyses revealed that while neither greater peer conflict nor higher cardiac arousal at baseline were associated with SITB outcomes at follow-up, adolescents experiencing the combination of greater peer conflict and higher cardiac arousal at baseline showed significant longitudinal increases in NSSI at follow-up. In addition, there were null effects for family conflict and SI outcomes. Findings indicate that youth with greater peer conflict and heightened arousal during the transition to adolescence may be at increased risk for NSSI. Future research should examine these processes at finer timescales in order to elucidate whether these factors are proximal predictors of within-day SITB.

scholarly journals Literacy Skills and Schooling from the International Adult Literacy Survey

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-203
Author(s):  
Kwangho Jung
Keyword(s):  
Adult Literacy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Language Background ◽  
Literacy Survey ◽  
International Adult Literacy Survey

In the information age, literacy skills are becoming increasingly important in the knowledge economy. The use of new technologies in everyday life, changing demands in the labor market, and participation in the globalization process all require higher literacy skills. Although literacy skills are related factors such as demographic characteristics, ethnicity, and language background, schooling has been perceived as a key determinant of literacy skills. This paper reviews important texts in the area of literacy skills and schooling. In addition, relying on the IALS data, this paper identifies relationships between schooling and literacy skills in 20 countries. The article concludes with a discussion of policy implications for improving literacy skills and future research for nonlinear relationships between schooling and literacy skills and endogenous effects of schooling on literacy skills.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of English Early Literacy Interventions for Children Who Are Dual Language Learners

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-23
Author(s):  
Jin Hee Hur ◽  
Patricia Snyder ◽  
Brian Reichow
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Literacy ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Dual Language ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Dual Language Learners ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Early Literacy Skills ◽  
Literacy Interventions ◽  
Electronic Database Search

Children who are dual language learners (DLLs) often have more difficulty acquiring English early literacy skills than their English monolingual peers. Much remains to be learned about efficacious early literacy instructional interventions and their effects on English early literacy skills of DLLs. The purposes of this systematic review were to describe key features of English early literacy interventions provided to children who were DLLs and their effects on English early literacy skills. We conducted an electronic database search and used additional methods to identify 25 studies. Studies varied in defining and characterizing children who were DLLs, including whether they were simultaneous versus sequential DLLs and how information was gathered about primary and secondary language exposure. Use of bilingual and monolingual instruction showed promise for enhancing English early literacy skills, although mixed findings were common when both language and code-related outcomes were measured. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

Capturing the costs of acute hand and wrist injuries: Lessons learnt from a prospective longitudinal burden of injury study

Hand Therapy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
Luke Steven Robinson ◽  
Ted Brown ◽  
Lisa O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Societal Perspective ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wrist Injuries ◽  
Wrist Injury ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Introduction Given the high incidence of hand and wrist injuries, they are exceptionally costly to the economy. This prospective, longitudinal study aimed to establish methods for capturing the burden of acute hand and wrist injury from an individual and societal perspective. Methods A prospective longitudinal design with baseline measures of injury type and severity, and repeated measures of disability, cost, and activity limitations and participation restrictions at six weeks, three months, and six months was selected. Participants were recruited from two large urban Australian public health care services. We sought to establish methods for capturing the burden of acute hand and wrist injury from an individual and societal perspective and compare survey completion by the method of administration. Results A total of 206 patients consented to participate in this study, representing 54% of those invited to participate. The survey completion rates were 18% at six weeks, 2.4% at twelve weeks, and 0.004% at six months following injury. From the limited data collected at six weeks, it was noted that nearly half of the patients reported a decrease in usual financial income, 14% reported absenteeism, and 62% reported presenteeism. Participants who elected to have data collected via phone call had the highest survey completion rate ( n = 6/10; 30%) at six-week’s follow-up. Discussion The study findings highlight the difficulties of completing longitudinal survey research investigating individual and societal burden with this population. Future research should be carefully designed to encourage participation and retention by considering patient and public involvement in study design, the time burden placed on the participants within and across selected survey time points, providing participants with incentives to participate, and highlighting the relevance and real-world applications of the findings.

scholarly journals Examining the Correlates of Adolescent Food and Nutrition Knowledge

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2044
Author(s):  
Rachel Brown ◽  
Jamie A. Seabrook ◽  
Saverio Stranges ◽  
Andrew F. Clark ◽  
Jess Haines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Literacy Interventions ◽  
Food Literacy ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Mobile Health Applications

Food literacy is a set of skills and knowledge that are integral to diet. It is common among teenagers to not have basic food literacy skills needed to consume a healthy diet. This study examined: (1) the current state of food and nutrition knowledge among adolescents 13–19 years of age in the census metropolitan area of London, ON, Canada; and (2) correlates of food knowledge and nutrition knowledge among adolescents. Data for this study were drawn from baseline youth and parent survey data collected from a larger population health intervention study. Statistical analysis of the survey data indicates that higher parental education and higher median neighbourhood family income, the use of mobile health applications, liking to cook, as well as confidence in reading and understanding food labels were all consistently associated with increased food and nutrition knowledge. Findings may help guide future research towards optimal methods for delivering food literacy interventions to effectively educate teenagers. Results of this study may help guide policy makers, researchers, and public health professionals in developing appropriate food and nutrition programs and curriculums to combat the decline in food literacy skills.

scholarly journals An RDoC-Based Approach to Adolescent Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors: The Interactive Role of Social Affiliation and Cardiac Arousal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin W Nelson ◽  
Olivia Havemeyer Pollak ◽  
Matthew Graham Clayton ◽  
Eva H. Telzer ◽  
Mitch Prinstein
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Peer Conflict ◽  
Biological Stress ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Transition To Adolescence ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB) increase dramatically across adolescence. Despite the prevalence and severity of these outcomes, remarkably little research has elucidated why adolescence represents a particularly high-risk period for the emergence of SITB. Recent theoretical models have posited that SITB may result from failures in biological stress regulation in the context of social stress. However, there is a lack of data examining these associations during the transition to adolescence, a sensitive period of development that is characterized by changes across socio-affective and psychophysiological domains that may interact to heighten risk for SITB. The present study used a prospective longitudinal design among 147 adolescents. We built on advantages offered by the RDoC framework to test the interaction of experiences of social conflict (i.e., parent and peer conflict) with cardiac arousal (i.e., resting heart rate) to predict adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal ideation (SI) across one year. Longitudinal analyses revealed that while neither greater peer conflict nor higher cardiac arousal at baseline were associated with SITB outcomes at follow-up, adolescents experiencing the combination of greater peer conflict and higher cardiac arousal at baseline showed significant longitudinal increases in NSSI at follow-up. In addition, there were null effects for family conflict and SI outcomes. Findings indicate that youth with greater peer conflict and heightened arousal during the transition to adolescence may be at increased risk for NSSI. Future research should examine these processes at finer timescales in order to elucidate whether these factors are proximal predictors of within-day SITB.

Emergent Literacy in Spanish-Speaking Children With Developmental Language Disorder: Preliminary Findings of Delays in Comprehension- and Code-Related Skills

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 4193-4207
Author(s):  
Amy S. Pratt ◽  
John A. Grinstead ◽  
Rebecca J. McCauley
Keyword(s):  
Emergent Literacy ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
Writing Ability ◽  
Transparent Orthography ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Phonological Structure ◽  
Name Writing

Purpose This exploratory study describes the emergent literacy skills of children with developmental language disorder (DLD) who speak Spanish, a language with a simple phonological structure and transparent orthography. We examine differences between children with DLD and their typically developing (TD) peers on a battery of emergent literacy measures. Method Participants included 15 monolingual Spanish-speaking children with DLD (who did not present with cognitive difficulties) and 15 TD controls matched for age, gender, and socioeconomic status, ranging in age from 3;10 to 6;6 (years;months; M age = 4;11). All children completed a battery of comprehension-related emergent literacy tasks (narrative retell, print concept knowledge) and code-related emergent literacy tasks (beginning sound, rhyming awareness, alphabet knowledge, and name-writing ability). Results On average, children with DLD performed significantly worse than TD controls on a battery of comprehension- and code-related emergent literacy measures. On all code-related skills except rhyming, children with DLD were more likely than their TD peers to score “at risk.” Conclusions The results suggest some universality in the effect of DLD on reading development. Difficulties with emergent literacy that are widely documented in English-speaking children with DLD were similarly observed in Spanish-speaking children with DLD. Future research should explore long-term reading outcomes in Spanish for children with DLD.

Functional and structural neural plasticity effects of literacy acquisition in adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Melanie Boltzmann ◽  
Thomas Münte ◽  
Bahram Mohammadi ◽  
Jascha Rüsseler
Keyword(s):  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Adult Literacy ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Learning To Read ◽  
Workplace Literacy ◽  
Functional Illiteracy ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. In Germany, 7.5 Million individuals between 18 and 64 years are considered to be functionally illiterate (Grotlüschen & Riekmann, 2012). Functional illiterates have only rudimentary literacy skills despite attending school for several years. Although they can use written language to a very limited extent, only few functional illiterates attend literacy courses for adults. In addition, most adult literacy courses primarily aim at promoting basic reading and writing skills. Offers specific to workplace literacy are scarce. This review gives an overview of the definition of functional illiteracy. Afterwards, a specific literacy program (AlphaPlus) and its effectiveness will be presented. The reviewed studies indicate that learning to read in adulthood is associated with structural and functional brain changes.

379 Do Depressive Symptoms Mediate the Association Between Insomnia and Physical Activity?

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A150-A151
Author(s):  
Jamie Walker ◽  
Rebecca Campbell ◽  
Ivan Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Introduction Insomnia and depression are highly comorbid and have been shown to be independently associated with lower levels of physical activity. It is not clear, however, if being less physically active is a risk factor for or consequence of depression and insomnia. The factors that explain the associations between insomnia, depression, and physical activity are likely complex and overlapping. For example, insomnia may predict inactivity by impacting one’s energy levels, leaving them too tired to exercise. Insomnia may also interfere with one’s motivation to exercise due to low mood, as insomnia is associated with the development of depressive symptoms. The purpose of the present study was to explore whether depression mediated the link between insomnia and low levels of physical activity. Methods A national online survey was conducted from April-June 2020. Participants completed surveys to assess demographics, mood, sleep, and physical activity. Depressive symptoms were estimated with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Insomnia symptoms were estimated with the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Physical activity levels were estimated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Analyses were conducted using multiple linear regression, with separate models for depression, insomnia, and the combination of the two, on levels of physical activity. Results 3,952 adults (Mage = 46.9 years) completed the survey. According to the unadjusted models, greater insomnia symptoms were associated with greater depressive symptoms (b = 0.4523, SE = 0.019593, p < .001), and lower levels of physical activity (b = -38.741, SE = 18.236, p = 0.0337). The relationship between insomnia and physical activity was no longer significant, however, when controlling for depression (b = -6.140, SE = 19.274, p = 0.75). According to the mediation analyses, there was an indirect effect of insomnia on physical activity that was explained by differences in depressive symptoms (Sobel Test = -4.895, SE = 6.518, p < .001). Conclusion Our findings support previous research indicating associations between symptoms of insomnia and depression and physical activity. Future research should examine if these same results hold using a longitudinal design. Support (if any) Vargas: K23HL141581

Nurse Fatigue and Nurse, Patient Safety, and Organizational Outcomes: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 019394592199089
Author(s):  
Hyeonmi Cho ◽  
Linsey M. Steege
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Organizational Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nurse Fatigue

Hospital nurses are at high risk of fatigue due to stressful work environments with heavy workloads and non-standard work schedules. This systematic review examined the relationship between hospital nurse fatigue and outcomes. Full-text English language quantitative studies published between January 2000 and July 2020 were included. A total of 22 articles were reviewed and synthesized. The findings were synthesized into three major categories: nurse outcomes, nurse-reported patient outcomes, and organizational outcomes. Some of the most commonly studied outcomes include nursing performance (n=3), sickness absence (n=3), and intention to leave (n=4). Fatigue was consistently associated with mental health problems, decreased nursing performance, and sickness absence. Many studies confirmed that nurse fatigue is negatively associated with nurse, patient-safety, and organizational outcomes. However, our findings highlight gaps in current knowledge and the need for future research using a longitudinal design and measuring additional outcomes to better understand the consequences of nurse fatigue.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document