Sfântul Ioan Gură de Aur şi migraţia goţilor

Transilvania ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Dragoș Boicu
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
John Chrysostom ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church

This article aims to present a significant episode in the history of migrations in Europe: the passage of the Visigoths into the Roman Empire south of the Danube (376 A.D.) and their transformation from afflicted refugees into fearsome insurgents. Beyond this spectacular evolution, the author evaluates the position of the Church and the attitude of Bishop John Chrysostom towards these migrants in a context in which xenophobic feelings have reached a climax.

scholarly journals Jan Chryzostom objaśnia "Hymn o miłości" [1Kor 13] (In I Epistolam ad Corinthios hom. 33-34)

Vox Patrum ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-315
Author(s):  
Jan Iluk
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
The Road ◽  
Shortest Route ◽  
John Chrysostom ◽  
Christian Love ◽  
The Times ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
The Church

In 1CorHom, edited in the autumn and winter of 392 and 393 AD, John Chrysostom found a natural opportunity to return to his numerous utterances on the role of love in the lives of people. Obviously, the opportunity was the 13“ chapter of this Letter - The Song of Love. Among his works, we will find a few more smali works which were created with the intention of outlining the Christian ideał of love. Many of the contemporary monographs which were devoted to the ancient understanding of Christian „love” have the phrase „Eros and Agape” in their titles. In contemporary languages, this arrangement extends between sex and love. Both in the times of the Church Fathers (the 4th century AD) and currently, the distance between sex and love is measured by feelings, States and actions which are morę or less refined and noble. The awareness of the existence of many stops over this distance leads to the conviction that our lives are a search for the road to Agape. As many people are looking not so much for a shortcut but for a shorter route, John Chrysostom, like other Church Fathers, declared: the shortest route, because it is the most appropriate for this aim, is to live according to the Christian virtues that have been accumulated by the Christian politeia. There are to be found the fewest torments and disenchantments, although there are sacrifices. Evangelical politeia, the chosen and those who have been brought there will find love) - as a State of existence. In the earthly dimension, however, love appears as a causative force only in the circle of the Christian politeia. Obviously, just as in the heavenly politeia, the Christian politeia on earth is an open circle for everyone. As Chrysostom’s listeners and readers were not only Christians (in the multi-cultural East of the Roman Empire), and as the background of the principles presented in the homilies was the everyday life and customs of the Romans of the time, the ideał - dyam] - was placed by him in the context of diverse imperfections in the rangę and form of the feelings exhibited, which up to this day we still also cali love. It is true that love has morę than one name. By introducing the motif of love - into deliberations on the subject of the Christian politeia, John Chrysostom finds and indicates to the faithful the central force that shaped the ancient Church. This motif fills in the vision of the Heavenly Kingdom, explains to Christians the sense of life that is appropriate to them in the Roman community and explains the principles of organised life within the boundaries of the Church. It can come as no surprise that the result of such a narrative was Chrysostonfs conviction that love is „rationed”: Jews, pagans, Hellenes and heretics were deprived of it. In Chrysostonfs imagination, the Christian politeia has an earthly and a heavenly dimension. In the heavenly politeia, also called by him Chrisfs, the Lord’s or the

The Monk as Christian Saint and Exemplar in St John Chrysostom’s Writings

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Pak-Wah Lai
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Common Features ◽  
John Chrysostom ◽  
Christian Literature ◽  
The Church ◽  
Dominant Paradigm

By the time Augustine read the Life of Antony in 386, the biography had already become an international best seller in the Roman Empire. Translated twice into Latin and read in places as far off as Milan and Syrian Antioch, the Egyptian Life also proved to be a significant influence upon hagiographical writing in the late fourth century, the most notable example being the Lives of St Jerome. Consequently, scholars have often taken it to represent the dominant paradigm for sainthood in fourth-century Christianity and the centuries that followed. But is this assumption tenable? The Life of Antony would in all likelihood be read only by the educated elite or by ascetic circles in the Church, and was hardly accessible to the ordinary Christian. More importantly, hagiographical discourse in the fourth century was not restricted to biographies, but pervaded all sorts of Christian literature. This is certainly the case with the writings of St John Chrysostom (c. 349—407), who often presents the Christian monk as a saintly figure in his monastic treatises and his voluminous homilies. Indeed, what emerges from his writings is a paradigmatic saint who is significantly different from that portrayed in the biographies, and yet equally influential among his lay and ascetic audiences. To be sure, Chrysostom’s monastic portraits share some common features with that provided by Athanasius’s Life. Nevertheless, there are also stark differences between the two, and these are the focus of this paper.

Ethics vs. Law: St. Paul, the Fathers of the Church and the “Cheerful Giver” in Roman Law

Traditio ◽  
1944 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 97-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eberhard F. Bruck
Keyword(s):  
Roman Law ◽  
Moral Claim ◽  
Border Line ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
John Chrysostom ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church

The present study deals with a segment from the history of the eternal problem, Ethics and Law, and their interrelation. It investigates the origin and evolution of a moral idea—the meaning of goodwill in action, and especially in giving. Some of the greatest and most noble minds of all times have cooperated in this evolution—Aristotle, St. Paul, and St. John Chrysostom. Emperor Justinian undertook later the attempt to anchor this moral claim in law. The attempt failed. The failure unveils the border line between ethics and law.

The Slaves of the Churches

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Sommar
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Canon Law ◽  
Church History ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specialist Knowledge ◽  
Church Law ◽  
The Church

This is the story of how the church sought to establish norms for slave ownership on the part of ecclesiastical institutions and personnel and for others’ behavior toward such slaves. The story begins in the New Testament era, when the earliest Christian norms were established, and continues through the late Roman Empire, the Germanic kingdoms, and the Carolingian Empire, to the thirteenth-century establishment of a body of ecclesiastical regulations (canon law) that would persist into the twentieth century. Chronicles, letters, and other documents from each of the various historical periods, along with an analysis of the various policies and statutes, provide insight into the situations of these unfree ecclesiastical dependents. The book stops in the thirteenth century, which was a time of great changes, not only in the history of the legal profession, but also in the history of slavery as Europeans began to reach out into the Atlantic. Although this book is a serious scholarly monograph about the history of church law, it has been written in such a way that no specialist knowledge is required of the reader, whether a scholar in another field or a general reader interested in church history or the history of slavery. Historical background is provided, and there is a short Latin lexicon.

Edward Gibbon (1737–1794) and Early Christianity

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. C. Frend
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Ancient Rome ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Secular Society ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Church

Thus Gibbon opened the thirty-seventh chapter of the History of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire, a lengthy chapter devoted to the twin topics of ‘the institution of monastic life’ and ‘the conversion of the northern barbarians’. The connection between the history of the Roman Empire and the Christian Church was indeed indissoluble. The Church was destined to follow the pattern of the empire by gradually degenerating as it grew in strength from original purity in the life of Christ and the Apostles to become a corrupt and baleful influence on the fortunes of secular society. Looking back over twenty years of research and writing (1767–87) he wrote near the beginning of his final chapter, ‘In the preceding volumes of this History, I have described the triumph of barbarism and religion and I can only resume in a few words, their real or imaginary connection with the ruin of ancient Rome.’ He goes on to list ‘potent and forcible causes of destruction’ by barbarians and Christians respectively. As he finally laid down his pen on 27 June 1787 at Lausanne, he concluded with a sentence whose strict accuracy has sometimes been doubted: ‘It was among the ruins of the Capitol that I first conceived the idea of a work which has amused and exercised twenty years of my life, and which, however inadequate to my wishes, I finally deliver to the curiosity and candour of the public.’ The date of this decision was 15 October 1764. Here we survey briefly the role of ‘religion’, i.e. Christianity in the ruin of the Roman Empire.

ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE ‘ARIAN CONTROVERSY’ IN THE FOURTH CENTURY

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-263
Author(s):  
David M. Gwynn
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
The Church ◽  
Archaeological Approach ◽  
Arian Controversy

The so-called ‘Arian Controversy’ that divided the Christian Church in the 4th c. has been the subject of considerable scholarly debate in recent decades. The literary sources from which the majority of our knowledge of the controversy derives are highly polemical and distorted, written almost exclusively from the perspective of those whose positions would come to be accepted as ‘orthodox’, and this in turn has directly influenced scholarly interpretations of the material evidence from this crucial period in the history of the Church. In this paper I wish to reconsider that material evidence and ask how an archaeological approach independent of the biases of our literary sources might broaden our understanding of the controversy and its impact upon the 4th c. Roman empire.

scholarly journals Dampak Dikeluarkannya Edik Milano 313 bagi Kebebasan Gereja

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Jon Mister R. Damanik
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Church History ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church

Church history is not an outdated or outdated writing, but church history has an important role to play. Because in the history of the church there are important parts that can be used as a teaching for the church today. Chrestus is a term for followers of Christ, and Christians are used as an outlet for pleasure when they are persecuted, pitted against hungry animals, used as torches to light the garden, nearly 250 years of persecuted Christians have not been given freedom by the state even if there is a problem -problems like a fire whose cause is Christians because they do not worship their gods so that the gods are angry. The Edik Milan is a decree issued in 313 which greatly influenced the church's freedom to carry out religious activities. The meaning of Edik is: "an order carried out by the ruler." Milan is "the Roman state where Roman rule ruled." With the issuance of this Edict of Milan by Konstantin the Great, the ruler of the Roman empire gave a glimmer of hope in freedom of worship. Events that have occurred in the church in the past are a motivation for the church to keep carrying out the command of the Lord Jesus, namely to make all nations become His disciples. The church exists today because there was a church in the past, hope to continue learning about history because from history there will be a lot to know about what happened in the past as a positive lesson in the present.AbstrakSejarah Gereja bukan suatu tulisan yang tidak berlaku atau yang sudah usang, tetapi sejarah gereja memiliki peranan penting untuk dipelajari. Karena dalam sejarah gereja terdapat bagian-bagian yang penting untuk dapat dijadikan sebagai suatu pengajaran bagi gereja masa kini. Chrestus adalah suatu sebutan untuk pengikut Kristus, dan orang-orang Kristen dijadikan sebagai pelampiasan kesenangan pada saat mereka dianiaya, diadu dengan binatang lapar, dijadikan obor sebagai penerang taman, hampir 250 tahun orang-orang Kristen dianiaya tidak diberikan kebebasan oleh negara bahkan jika ada masalah-masalah seperti kebakaran yang penyebabnya itu adalah orang Kristen karena mereka tidak menyembah dewa mereka sehingga dewa murka. Edik Milan adalah suatu Surat Keputusan yang dikeluarkan pada tahun 313 yang sangat berpengaruh bagi kebebasan gereja untuk melaksanakan kegiatan ibadah-ibadah. Arti Edik adalah: ”perintah yang dilakukan oleh penguasa.” Milan adalah ”negara Roma tempat pemerintahan Romawi berkuasa.” Dengan dikeluarkan Edik Milan ini oleh Konstantinu Agung penguasa kekaisaran Romawi memberikan secercah harapan dalam kebebasan dalam melaksanakan ibadah. Peristiwa yang pernah terjadi pada gereja pada masa dulu adalah suatu motivasi bagi gereja untuk tetap menjalankan perintah Tuhan Yesus yaitu untuk menjadikan semua bangsa menjadi murid-Nya. Gereja ada pada hari ini karena ada gereja pada masa lalu, harapan teruslah belajar tentang sejarah karena dari sejarah akan banyak diketahui apa yang terjadi pada masa lalu sebagai suatu pembelajaran yang positif pada masa kini.

Review of: Theology and Politics. Power, Church and Text in the Visigothic Kingdoms (V - early VIII Century): Research and Translation / ed.-comp. O. V. Aurov; general ed. O. V. Aurov, E. S. Marey. Moscow: Delo, 2017. 352 p. ISBN 978-5-7749-1253-7

2020 ◽  
pp. 343-350
Author(s):  
Владимир Михайлович Тюленев
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Short Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Church ◽  
Christian Society

В числе научных направлений, разрабатываемых в отечественной исторической науке последних нескольких лет, особенно выделяется то, что связано с изучением христианской Испании периода раннего Средневековья. За сравнительно короткий период времени вышло в свет сразу несколько изданий, предлагающих читателю как источники, отражающие становление христианского общества и культуры на Пиренейском полуострове периода поздней Римской империи и варварских королевств, так и исследования, в которых даётся новый взгляд на особенности иберийской истории того времени. Рецензируемая книга, подготовленная коллективом автором под общим научным руководством О. В. Аурова, является ярким примером успешного осмысления, а где-то переосмысления, исторического опыта христианства и Церкви вестготской Испании. Among the scientific directions that have been developed in the domestic historical science of the last few years, the most prominent is that associated with the study of Christian Spain in the early Middle Ages. In a relatively short period of time, several publications were published at once, offering the reader both sources reflecting the formation of Christian society and culture on the Iberian Peninsula during the period of the late Roman Empire and barbarian kingdoms, and studies that provide a new look at the features of the Iberian history of that time. The book under review, prepared by the team of the author under the general scientific guidance of O. V. Aurov, is a vivid example of a successful understanding, and somewhere rethinking, of the historical experience of Christianity and the Church of Visigothic Spain.

scholarly journals Palladius and the Johannite Schism

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER VAN NUFFELEN
Keyword(s):  
Hard Core ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
John Chrysostom ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church

The ‘Dialogue on the life of John Chrysostom’, published by Palladius of Helenopolis c. 408–9, is a key source for the history of the Church at the beginning of the fifth century. This paper argues that the history of the Johannite schism provides the background against which to understand the scope and nature of this work. It questions the received chronology of Palladius’ later life and shows that he is not so much a hard-core supporter of John who refused all contact with the official Church, as someone who could envisage the followers of John accepting an offer of amnesty in 408/409 and reintegrating into the Church. The dialogue is a strategic work that accepts that after the death of John (407) the Johannites can only bank on the support of Rome to improve their situation. As a consequence its trustworthiness cannot be accepted at face value.

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