Synergistic effect of energy drinks and overweight/obesity on cardiac autonomic testing using the Valsalva maneuver in university students

Objective: To determine the awareness, consumption patterns of energy drinks (ED) and health hazards among students at a Turkish University. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted by questionnaire method between in 2017 among Erciyes University students. Total 1257 students from the Faculties of Medicine, Communication and Physical Education and Sports College participated in the study. Pearson chi-square test, binary logistic regressions were used for statistical analysis. p <0.05 values were considered significant. Results: Students who tried at least once and consumed regularly ED were 52.5% and 15.7% respectively. Consuming regularly and trying ED were more common among students who were studying at Physical Education and Sports High school, male, smoking, alcohol consumer, doing regular physical activity. Mean age of students to start drinking ED was 15.1 years. Most common reason for ED consumption was; staying awake. Alcohol mixed energy drinks consumption rate was 37.6% among regular ED consumers. Most declared harmful effect was palpitation. Conclusion: ED consumption among Erciyes University students was widespread. Students should be informed about EDs’ hazards for health. Legal regulations regarding production, marketing and advertising of EDs must be reconsidered. How to cite this:Borlu A, Oral B, Gunay O. Consumption of energy drinks among Turkish University students and its health hazards. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.638 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Energy drinks consumption, knowledge and experienced effect among university students in Jordan: Cross-sectional study

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401317666210216111925 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Nour A. Elsahoury ◽

Omar Alhaj ◽

Andrea M. McGrattan ◽

Fwziah J Hammad

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Energy Drinks ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Knowledge Level ◽

Consumer Experience ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Poor Knowledge ◽

Medical Discipline

Background: Consumption of energy drinks (EDs) has increased exponentially among younger generations and this increase is projected to continue. Objectives : This study aimed to examine the prevalence, knowledge level, intake patterns, and consumer experience of consuming EDs among university students in Jordan. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 467 students from 29 universities was conducted by a web-based questionnaire. Descriptive analyses, chi-squared tests and logistic regression were performed, with a p-value of ≤0.05 indicating significance. Results: The prevalence of EDs was 40.1% among university students. Over half (62.7%) of students had poor knowledge of EDs. The most significant determinants identified were being male (OR=2.18; 95%CI: 1.14-4.15), being undergraduate (OR: 4.01; 95% CI: 1.70-9.72), in a non-medical discipline (OR=2.92; 95% CI: 1.56-5.44), being a smoker (OR=9.91;95%Cl: 5.30-18.54) and having a poor knowledge level (OR=40.46;95%CI: 14.33-114.27). Students mainly consumed Red Bull and the majority consumed 1-2 can(s) daily. Students were more likely to consume EDs during exams to mainly stay awake. The major side effects experienced among this sample were increased urination and headache. No changes in mental or physical performance, weight, appetite, and sleeping pattern were observed among the majority of respondents. Conclusion: Consumption of EDs was moderate among university students. Gender, study course, study year, smoking, and knowledge level were determinants of their intake.

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Energy drinks

Journal of Health Research ◽

10.1108/jhr-06-2019-0128 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 221-231

Author(s):

Towhid Hasan ◽

Marjia Sultana ◽

Md. Tareq Hossain ◽

Lima Khatun ◽

Md. Alauddin

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Energy Drinks ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Potential Health ◽

Content Type ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Structured Questionnaire

PurposeThis research aimed to study patterns of energy drinks (ED) consumption among university students and to identify the determinants for their preferences.Design/methodology/approachThis cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 students from various departments of Jashore University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh, by convenience sampling. A self-administered, structured questionnaire was used to collect data.FindingsAbout 52.3 per cent of the students were between 21 and 23 years of age, and half of them were male. More than half (53 per cent) of the students had consumed ED at least once in their lifetime. Only 22.1 per cent of these consumers had any knowledge of the ingredients in ED, and 4.3 per cent did not know the possible negative impacts. Bivariate analysis was performed to identify the variables significantly associated with ED consumption among students. The risks of ED consumption were found to be: male gender (Odds Ratio (OR) = 4.04; 95 per cent Confidence Interval (CI) = 2.36–6.92), father educated up to SSC (OR = 18.47; 95 per cent CI = 2.30–148.90) or college and above (OR = 17.01; 95 per cent CI = 2.31–135.60), smoker (OR = 3.87; 95 per cent CI = 1.61–9.35) and doing irregular physical activity (OR = 2.43; 95 per cent CI = 1.23–4.78).Originality/valueED consumption among university students is high, but their perception regarding the ingredients and potential health hazards is opaque. Therefore, it is imperative that at both community and individual levels, interventions should focus on educating and empowering individuals to make firm and positive decisions concerning their dietary habits and health.

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Characteristics of university students who mix alcohol and energy drinks

Journal of American College Health ◽

10.1080/07448481.2017.1280799 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 288-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Erin E. Bonar ◽

Michaela R. Green ◽

Lisham Ashrafioun

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Energy Drinks

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Why (not) alcohol energy drinks? A qualitative study with Australian university students

Drug and Alcohol Review ◽

10.1111/j.1465-3362.2011.00319.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 281-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

SANDRA C. JONES ◽

LANCE BARRIE ◽

NINA BERRY

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Study ◽

University Students ◽

Energy Drinks

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Energy drinks consumption and perceptions among University Students in Beirut, Lebanon: A mixed methods approach

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0232199 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. e0232199 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Malake Ghozayel ◽

Ali Ghaddar ◽

Ghada Farhat ◽

Lara Nasreddine ◽

Janine Kara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mixed Methods ◽

University Students ◽

Energy Drinks ◽

Mixed Methods Approach

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Consumption of energy drinks among Croatian university students

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/cky218.058 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (suppl_4) ◽

Author(s):

M Miskulin ◽

N Pavlovic ◽

K Vitale ◽

I Miskulin ◽

A Dumic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Energy Drinks

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P.066 Cortical autonomic patterns in Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/cjn.2018.168 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (s2) ◽

pp. S33-S33

Author(s):

J Baker ◽

JR Paturel ◽

K Kimpinski

Keyword(s):

Orthostatic Hypotension ◽

Autonomic Function ◽

Lower Body Negative Pressure ◽

Valsalva Maneuver ◽

Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Cortical Activation ◽

Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension ◽

Activation Patterns ◽

Autonomic Testing

Background: Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (NOH), defined as a drop in systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥30mmHg on standing or head-up tilt, is associated with autonomic dysfunction. The cortical autonomic network (CAN) is a network of brain regions associated with autonomic function. Our aim was to investigate CAN activation patterns in NOH patients during autonomic testing. Methods: Fifteen controls (61±14 years) and 13 NOH patients (68±6 years;p=0.1) completed: 1)Deep Breathing (DB), 2)Valsalva maneuver (VM) and 3)Lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) during a functional MRI. Blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrasts were obtained and contrasted. Results: Compared to controls (C), patients (NOH) had significantly smaller heart rate (HR) responses to DB (C:15.3±9.6 vs.NOH:6.0±2.2) and VR’s (C:2.1±0.47 vs.NOH:1.2±0.1;p<0.001). Patients had larger SBP drops during LBNP (C: -22.3±6 vs.NOH: -61±22) with -significantly smaller compensatory tachycardias (19±8.5 vs.7.6±4.3)(p<0.001). BOLD response: During VM, controls had greater activation in the right (R) hippocampus (T-value:7.34), left (L) posterior cingulate (T-value:7.22) bilateral mid-cingulate (TR-value:5.76; TL-value:6.84) and bilateral thalamus (TR-value:7.23, TL-value:8.16)(pFWE<0.001). Following subtraction analysis, brain activation patterns showed no significant differences in the regions of interest in response to DB and LBNP. Conclusions: During tests of autonomic function, NOH patient had different cortical activation patterns during VM only. Cortical activation pattern during DB and LBNP showed similar patterns to that of controls.

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