The Only Man in the Army That Was Whipped

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Cutrer
Keyword(s):  
Confederate Army ◽  
State Guard

Deals with the inability of Ben McCulloch, commander of the Confederate army in Arkansas, and Sterling Price, commander of the Missouri State Guard, to agree on a strategy for operations in the region, Missouri’s formal secession, the appointment of Earl Van Dorn as commander of all Confederate forces in the trans-Mississippi, and the decisive Federal victory at Pea Ridge in 1862.

scholarly journals Wealth, Slave Ownership, and Fighting for the Confederacy: An Empirical Study of the American Civil War

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Hall ◽  
Connor Huff ◽  
Shiro Kuriwaki
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Free Rider ◽  
American Civil War ◽  
The Other ◽  
Confederate Army ◽  
Free Ride ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Personal Wealth ◽  
The One

How did personal wealth and slaveownership affect the likelihood southerners fought for the Confederate Army in the American Civil War? On the one hand, wealthy southerners had incentives to free-ride on poorer southerners and avoid fighting; on the other hand, wealthy southerners were disproportionately slaveowners, and thus had more at stake in the outcome of the war. We assemble a dataset on roughly 3.9 million free citizens in the Confederacy, and show that slaveowners were more likely to fight than non-slaveowners. We then exploit a randomized land lottery held in 1832 in Georgia. Households of lottery winners owned more slaves in 1850 and were more likely to have sons who fought in the Confederate Army. We conclude that slaveownership, in contrast to some other kinds of wealth, compelled southerners to fight despite free-rider incentives because it raised their stakes in the war’s outcome.

Being a Father and a Soldier in the Civil War, 1861–1865

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Jürgen Martschukat
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southern Culture ◽  
Confederate Army ◽  
Conflicting Demands ◽  
Citizen Soldiers ◽  
The One ◽  
White Womanhood

The fifth chapter depicts the conflicting demands addressed to young men as family fathers on the one hand and as citizen-soldiers on the other hand. It discusses the Civil War and its effects on fathers, mothers, and family life through close readings of the diary and letters of Confederate soldier John C. West, who saw himself as fighting this war for his family and his country. While West was scared to death by the bloody battles and the fierce fighting of the Civil War, he nevertheless romanticized the war as a struggle for southern family life and patriarchal masculinity in his diary and letters. He portrayed his service in the Confederate Army as fulfilment of his masculinity in the name of white womanhood, southern culture, and family life, a message he sought to send to his wife and, in particular, to his four-year-old son back home.

Forging New Identities in a World Gone Mad

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-47
Author(s):  
Susan T. Falck
Keyword(s):  
Black Churches ◽  
American Missionary Association ◽  
Racial Hierarchy ◽  
African American Population ◽  
Confederate Army ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Males ◽  
Historical Memories ◽  
First Time ◽  
Planter Class

This chapter recounts the turmoil endured by black and white Natchez women and men during the Civil War and Union occupation, and how these experiences shaped historical memories of the war. Mississippi’s economy lay in ruins with nearly a quarter of the white males who served in the Confederate Army killed in action or perishing from wounds or disease at war’s end, while white civilians faced poverty, military loss, and a racial hierarchy turned upside down. Natchez’s large African-American population majority faced their own challenges but found sustenance in black churches and schools organized by the American Missionary Association during Reconstruction. Natchez had all the makings for a complex set of historical memories: great wealth, followed by profound loss, a paternalistic planter class, a sizable free black community that did not always sympathize with former slaves, and a massive formerly enslaved labor force discovering freedom for the first time.

The Battle of the Bands

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Philip Gerard
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Sheet Music ◽  
Brass Ensemble ◽  
Confederate Army ◽  
Do So

Wanting neither to kill or be killed, Julius Leinbach of Salem enlists with his fellow Moravian musicians as a “Band Boy” for the 26th North Carolina. The small brass ensemble quickly gains fame as the most stirring band in the army and performs not just for parade and marching but also concerts-including for Gov. Vance’s inaugural. Like other bandsmen in both armies, they not only play music but also help carry off the battlefield wounded and assist the surgeons as orderlies. Music is a crucial aid to morale and order. Leinbach is captured but survives, the last of his bandmates to be liberated at war’s end. He brings home the band’s coveted, original, sheet music arrangements-the only band in the Confederate Army to do so.

Logistics

Conquered ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 213-228
Author(s):  
Larry J. Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Confederate Army ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Army Soldiers ◽  
Army Of Tennessee ◽  
Army Personnel

Feeding the men and animals of the Army of Tennessee required thousands of tons of food to be transported by wagon, train, and steamboat. In addition to transportation, feeding the army proved difficult because its food supply had to be shared with other branches of the Confederate Army. Soldiers often complained of monotonous rations. Capt. Moses H. Wright’s Atlanta Arsenal supplied most of the Army of Tennessee’s ammunition. However, the Atlanta Arsenal struggled to keep up with demand, and army personnel complained about defective equipment. An attempt to uniformly equip soldiers with weapons ultimately failed. The Atlanta Quartermaster Depot made shoes exclusively for the Army of Tennessee. This depot also made clothing for the army. Shortages of clothing and shoes persisted. The Army of Tennessee relied on the Western & Atlantic railroad to transport materials from Atlanta, which at times did not have enough engines to provide adequate supplies. Overall, the Army of Tennessee had industrial assets, but an inadequate transportation system led to meat shortages, which decreased morale and resulted in desertions. Additionally, the poor transportation system prevented additional troops from reaching the disastrous Battle of Chickamauga.

No Feeling of Mercy or Kindness

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Cutrer
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Confederate Army ◽  
Union Victory

Examines the political and military situation in Arkansas after the Confederate defeat at Pea Ridge and Earl van Dorn’s virtual evacuation of the state in order to reinforce Albert Sidney Johnston’s counteroffensive in Tennessee. Examines, in particular, Thomas Carmichael Hindman’s attempts to rebuild a Confederate army in the state to resist further Federal incursion, culminating in the union victory at the battle of Prairie Grove.

I Will Gladly Give My Life for a Victory

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Cutrer
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
State Guard

Narrates the decisive split between secessionist and Unionist Missourians in 1861, the early battles between the pro-Confederate Missouri State Guard and Federal forces for control of the state, the intervention of Confederate forces, and the battle of Wilson’s Creek.

Soldiers

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-60
Author(s):  
James J. Broomall
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Identity ◽  
Confederate Army

As southern men transitioned to becoming soldiers in the Confederate Army, they increasingly began to identify as soldiers. Military attire distinguished soldiers from citizens and established visible bonds among troops. Military encampments similarly promoted a corporate identity but also allowed soldiers to bond in small, personalized space.

An Ardent Desire to Participate in the Capture of Vicksburg

2020 ◽  
pp. 228-236
Author(s):  
Earl J. Hess
Keyword(s):  
East Side ◽  
Confederate Army ◽  
The City ◽  
North And South

The Mississippi Squadron, under David D. Porter, played an important supporting role in the Vicksburg operations conducted by Grant. The war ships protected the civilian steamers that funnelled supplies and reinforcements to the Army of the Tennessee, enabling Grant to maintain his position. Porter also bombarded the Confederate river batteries along the east side of the Mississippi north and south of Vicksburg to support the attack of May 22, and his mortar boats bombarded Vicksburg itself during this time. The bombing of the city produced civilian casualties as well as wrecked private houses and buildings used by the Confederate army. Porter also supported a brigade from John McArthur’s Seventeenth Corps division which advanced along the east bank of the Mississippi toward South Fort, a Confederate earthwork anchoring the southern end of Samuel H. Lockett’s defence line. That brigade, however, was ordered east to help McClernand before it could launch an attack on South Fort. The Federals literally had Vicksburg surrounded with warships in the Mississippi north and south of the city and Union infantry occupying De Soto Point west of town. Grant had the option to starve Pemberton out of the city now that storming the defences had played out.

Epilogue

2019 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
Gwynne Tuell Potts
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
The Public ◽  
Confederate Army ◽  
Young Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historic Landmark ◽  
The City

George and Serena Croghan’s son, St. George Croghan, inherited Locust Grove and moved from New York with his young family in hopes of farming the estate. He failed, and after mortgaging the place, returned to New York to spend years litigating his wife’s inheritance. With no means of support, he joined the Confederate Army in 1861 and was killed that November. The Croghan homestead was rented, then sold, and today stands as a National Historic Landmark museum open to the public. The enslaved Croghan workforce was freed in 1856 by the terms of Dr. Croghan’s will, and although Stephen Bishop and the slave guides eventually opened a hotel for black tourists who visited Mammoth Cave, the farm’s enslaved people moved to the city and disappeared from the history of the place where most of them had been born.

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