LINE-1 activation in the cerebellum drives ataxia

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have revealed that dysregulation of long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE-1), a dominant class of transposable elements in the human genome, correlates with neurodegeneration1–3. Yet whether LINE-1 dysregulation is causal to disease pathogenesis has not been proven directly. Here, we demonstrate that expression of evolutionarily younger LINE-1 families is elevated in the cerebella of ataxia telangiectasia (AT) patients, which was correlated with extensive downregulation of epigenetic silencers. To examine whether LINE-1 activation causes neurologic disease, we established an approach to directly target and activate the promoter of a young family of LINE-1 in mice. LINE-1 activation in the cerebellum was sufficient to lead to robust progressive ataxia. Purkinje cells in the diseased mice exhibited marked electrophysiological dysfunctions and degeneration with a significant accumulation of cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein LINE-1Orf1p aggregates, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and DNA damage. Treatment with lamivudine, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, blunted the disease progression by reducing DNA damage, attenuating gliosis and interferon gene signature, and recovering the loss of key functional molecules for calcium homeostasis in Purkinje cells. This study provides direct evidence that young LINE-1 activation drives ataxia phenotype, and points to its pleiotropic effects leading to DNA damage, inflammation, and dysfunction and degeneration of neurons.

Residential satisfaction in gated communities according to stages in the life cycle with reference to Cairo, Egypt

The objective of the study is to investigate, in the Egyptian context, residential satisfaction in gated communities (GCs) in relation to stages in the life cycle. The aim is to identify possible differences between the different stages in the life cycle in terms of the most important predictors of overall residential satisfaction. The study relies on a survey questionnaire administered to a sample of residents of Al-Rehab GC in Cairo, Egypt (n = 131). The sample was divided into four life cycle stage groups: young singles (YS) (n = 36), heads of young family households (YF) (n = 41), heads of households with older children (OC) (n = 34), and empty nesters (EN) (n = 20). Statistical analysis does indeed reveal differences between stages in the life cycle in relation to the most important components of residential satisfaction. In particular, for YF and OC, the social environment within the GC was the most important predictor of overall residential satisfaction. For these two life cycle groups, issues related to the needs and safety of their children were also important. In contrast, for EN, the social environment and characteristics of the area around the dwelling appeared to be much less important than for other groups. For EN, satisfaction with the dwelling unit itself was shown to be the most important predictor of overall residential satisfaction.

The Role of Housing in Facilitating Middle-Class Family Practices in China: A Case Study of Tianjin

This paper, drawn from a wider doctoral study that investigates how middle-class Chinese families manage and balance their resources to negotiate family duties across generations, focuses on the role of home ownership and property. The research considers intergenerational equity, which is a key part of social sustainability, and uses this to explore the shifting care expectations between generations and the inherent tensions between socioeconomic opportunities that have changed the shape of families and the belief in the importance of the family unit as a vehicle to deliver care. The research draws on the narratives of whole families in a ten-family study undertaken in the Chinese city of Tianjin. The findings reveal the critical role of housing resources in presenting alternative solutions to the performance of care. Firstly, the opportunity to make new choices in the face of shifting priorities across the life course is facilitated by property ownership. Secondly, it facilitates the possibility of living close by, but not together, maintaining the privacy of the nuclear family, but fulfilling care roles. Thirdly, housing resources promote variations on the traditional co-residence pattern for supporting frail elders and, finally, new forms of co-residences where care flows to the young family and their children.

An Analysis of Regional Practices for Providing Housing for Young Families and Proposals for their Improvement

Improving the living conditions of young people today is an important means of strengthening the institution of the young family, improving the demographic situation. In the implementation of the youth housing policy in the Russian Federation, a whole range of state measures is currently being implemented to provide affordable and comfortable housing. Basically, it is young families who acquire the first housing in their life, while not owning property that could be used as an asset in obtaining a mortgage, and also not being able to accumulate funds to pay the initial payment. This category of the population has good prospects for wage growth as they improve their qualifications, and state support in improving their living conditions will be a good incentive for their further professional growth. The paper analyzes the most common mechanisms for providing housing for young families at the regional level, and based on the results of the analysis, the authors provide recommendations for their improvement.

Equality & Diversity Perspectives for the Proficiency in English Assessment for IMGs

The story of a West Midlands General Practitioner who faced the fearsome prospect of deportation and severance from her young family due to expiry of her English proficiency test after 2 years- highlights the lack of consultation, awareness, empathy and dignity that is perceived by international medical graduates in the UK. What is most alarming is that evidence of working as a GP in the UK for 8 years, communicating with patients and colleagues in English - and passing all the standardised professional examinations set by the medical royal colleges was not considered sufficient for her to be assessed to have the minimum requirements for her permit/ leave to remain to be renewed. The mental anguish and stress that a frontline GP has to face is totally avoidable. The NHS, GMC and Department of Health and Social Care need to have robust consultation with the Home Office department on making the rules sensitive and meaningful and applied with awareness, understanding and compassion that is critical for the wellbeing of the healthcare workforce- and the benefit of our patients.

Anthropological Description of a Modern Urban Wedding

The article applies K. Geertz scientific approach of ‘detailed description’ to a modern urban wedding. The work is based on materials of field research into the marriage practices among young Perm families. The research techniques included semi-formal interviews and case-studies of 26 persons (13 families) during the period 2016–2020. These qualitative methods were necessary to get information about an important life event: from the first meeting a future partner to the wedding ceremony. Such methods helped identify cultural bases for the bride and groom’s practices. The paper provides a detailed interpretation of only one case, consisting of several narrative sections. Every narrative is a personal view of the participant at the wedding ceremony. The narrative “wedding as a drama” shows a woman’s interpretation of the celebration. The bride’s story has some negative connotations. The bride expresses rejection of the wedding procedure and some of its attributes. The narrative “wedding as a holiday” represents the man’s view. The groom’s comments contain mostly positive connotations. His story highlights the status elements of the celebration. He stresses his family’s contribution to the wedding ceremony. Analyzing both narratives, an additional aspect of the topic was explored: “wedding as a parents’ project”. It shows the older generation’s role in the organization of the wedding. In addition, the paper describes some stories which are repeated in the narratives, including various forms of objectification, gender roles in the young family, and shifting of social roles.

REVITALISASI KOMUNIKASI ANALOG DI KOMUNITAS KELUARGA MUDA INDONESIA

Handwritting into book is the most ancient form of analog communication and a means of remote communication that was first present in human life. However, just like any other communication product, writing on books (journaling) slowly begins to be eroded by technology dermination. The culture of analog writing shifts to typing. The decline in interest analog writing is seen from the results of research and regulations in some countries that no longer require the younger generation to have certain skills of writing. In fact, analog writing activities are scientifically proven to be mentally healthy. The situation in Indonesia is slightly different from the presence of the government that requires handwritten classes for elementary children, and the growing writing market in young family communities. Journaling in the millenial mother community is a process to get a more conscious lifestyle. This research aims to understand the revitalization process of an analog communication to remain favored by people who have become accustomed to consuming communication information technology. Through the Case Study it was found that journaling as analog communication is able to maintain its existence because of the revitalization of ideas through interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary collaboration in the scope of communication science.

A CHANGE IN LIVES OF PROTAGONISTS AS THE AGENT OF PLOT-DEVELOPMENT IN BULGARIAN FILMS

A film plot is built like any other artistic narrative and includes the following parts: exposition; rising action; climax; falling action; conclusion. We find a rich and multifaceted range of plots in Bulgarian films. However, there is always a break or a change in routine of every plot. The change usually emanates from outside the routine described in the film. The external entity, which comes close to the protagonists’ routine and intervened in it, creates problems and crisis. This happens when the external changes bring new characters or events into the characters’ previous lives, or, alternately, takes them out of their previous routine into a different reality. For example, in the romantic comedy "It Happened in the Street" by the prominent film director (Yanko Yankov), the protagonist Misho (the legendary actor Apostol Karamitev) is a driver of a truck. He meets a girl called Katerina, falls in love with her, and wants to marry her. She is finally convinced that Misho is the right man for her, and accepts his offer. The establishment of a new young family is enabled by the changes that Misho is assigned to take in his life as part of his work. A change in heroes’ lives is the main motive-force in Bulgarian cinema. A variety of drastic events may happen to the protagonists, and they have to face the consequences. They often have intense, dramatic experiences which serve as a mental, psychological, social, personal, ideological, and physical test. These govern their fate, forcing them to mobilize their forces and fight for a lofty cause. The change in the heroes’ lives allows them to discover their true character and see their lives anew, in a more moral way.

A Woman of Valor

Before they were wed even a year, Sarah and Joshua made their way back across the Atlantic, this time settling in New York. Sarah was pregnant with the first of ten children, and the couple quickly settled into family life on the tip of Manhattan in the streets surrounding the Mill Street synagogue. Having married into the synagogue’s wealthiest family, Sarah found herself at the center of New York Jewish life. Knowing people in New York mattered. She had lived in four cities in four countries before she reached the age of twenty, and New York was hardly the most racially progressive place she had resided. Her children’s births raised question of acceptance, and the young family strategically bound their children to the larger community and Sarah’s in-laws through names, godparents, and circumcision rituals.

Work with Youth in the Russian Orthodox Church in the Contemporary Period

Modern Russia is undergoing changes, including religion. In the Soviet Union, in contrast to the Western world, there was not only an active and rapid social secularization, but also a violent atheization of the population. As for the youth, due to the notorious atheism, there was a lack of youth’s religiosity. After the collapse of the USSR, it became necessary to implement effective measures so that Orthodoxy could adequately respond to the “challenge of the time”. Under these conditions, the organization of work with youth in the ROC began to revive. The major research objective was to study the Russian Orthodox Church’s main forms of work with youth in the post-Soviet period. Our research was conducted in the Ural region, one of the largest regions of the Russian Federation. The research methodology used a qualitative approach (in-depth interviews). Our research, based on informants’ opinions, has identified three forms of groups who work with the Russian youth through the Russian Orthodox Church. They are: traditional church forms (organizing groups for the study of the Holy Scriptures, doctrinal (catechism) classes, missionary activities, etc.), traditional secular forms (children’s and youth’s camps, young family clubs, sports and military-patriotic clubs, addiction prevention and social projects, etc.) and innovative forms (Internet projects, Internet communities, Orthodox forums, Orthodox cafes, bars, etc.). Our study has revealed that religious phenomena and manifestations of religiosity are observed in totally different areas, such as cultural, economic, educational, leisure, etc. The study has elucidated that the work of the Russian Orthodox Church fits into the framework of this paradigm, thus confirming T. Luckmann’s theory.