Amalgamating Knowledge, Translating Empire

2020 ◽  
pp. 229-258
Author(s):  
Allison Margaret Bigelow
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
New Method ◽  
Colonial Mexico ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Linguistic Data ◽  
Silver Mining ◽  
The Rich

This chapter introduces the final section of the book, silver, by outlining the development of silver mining and refining in colonial Mexico and Perú. It pays special attention to the sixteenth-century technology transfer of amalgamation methods from central Mexico to Alto Perú, especially the rich deposits of the Cerro Rico of Potosí. By combining historical linguistic data and case studies of the translation and mistranslation of key technical terms used in seventeenth-century Andean metallurgy, as written in colonial sources that denied the sophistication of Indigenous science and technology, this chapter proposes a new method to document Indigenous knowledge production.

The Convent of Santa Clara, the Elite and Social Change in Eighteenth Century Querétaro

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELLEN GUNNARSDÓTTIR
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Colonial Mexico ◽  
Social Strategies ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social

This article focuses on the changes that occurred within Querétaro's elite from the late Habsburg to the high Bourbon period in colonial Mexico from the perspective of its relationship to the convent of Santa Clara. It explores how creole elite families of landed background with firm roots in the early seventeenth century, tied together through marriage, entrepreneurship and membership in Santa Clara were slowly pushed out of the city's economic and administrative circles by a new Bourbon elite which broke with the social strategies of the past by not sheltering its daughters in the city's most opulent convent.

The Gothic Body before and after Freud

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-107
Author(s):  
Steven Bruhm
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Rich

This chapter reads Freud's relatively overlooked essay, "A Seventeenth-Century Demonological Neurosis" (1923), to consider how psychoanalysis received the Gothic trope of demoniacal possession and made of it an intra-psychic, rather than a religiously spiritual affair. The resulting analysis traces Freud's construction of the demoniacal from the Medieval-metaphysical to the empiricist psychological and then into the metapsychological, to consider how the demoniacal that Freud wanted to tame always exceeded his disciplining of it. By considering the historical slippage between "possession" and "obsession," this essay charts the rich but uneasy relation between demonism as an attack on the soul versus demonism as an attack on the body. It concludes by considering demonology in William Peter Blatty's The Exorcist and Ray Russell's The Case Against Satan, to emphasize the ways the post-Freudian Gothic cannot escape its medieval roots in bodily humiliation.

Survival of the Fittest Protection of Indigenous Knowledge

2022 ◽  
pp. 294-316
Author(s):  
Stewart Lee Kugara ◽  
Tsetselelani Decide Mdhluli ◽  
Pfarelo Eva Matshidze
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Qualitative Design ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge Systems ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Legal Methodology ◽  
Survival Of The Fittest

This chapter reflects on numerous protections that are available for indigenous knowledge from those who misappropriate it for personal aggrandizement without regard of the holders of the knowledge. The chapter is underpinned on the Afrocentricity and Sankofa theories. A socio-legal methodology was adopted to ground the work to enable students studying indigenous knowledge systems to have a foundation and be able to follow the interdisciplinarity in the writing. As such, a doctrinal approach and qualitative design were engaged to buttress the philosophical reasoning and capture the rich and unrecorded knowledge of inorganic intellectuals. The chapter's standpoint is that the protection of indigenous knowledge requires African-tailored legislation that resonates with indigenous communities' beliefs and are pragmatic yet innovative to bring benefit sharing. In pursuing this, a normative legal framework that could be utilised in the protection of indigenous knowledge is explored.

Portuguese Encomenderos de Negros and the Slave Trade within Mexico, 1600–1675

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Miguel Sierra Silva
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Colonial Mexico ◽  
Puebla De Los Angeles

This article focuses on local slaving agents, encomenderos de negros, during the first half of the seventeenth century. Drawing on notarial documents, Inquisition cases and investigations on contraband and tax evasion, the study explains how Portuguese intermediaries sold and distributed African captives in colonial Mexico between 1616 and 1639. The ability to extend credit was key to the success of these agents-on-commission. The article also explains why agents of the Grillo and Lomelín slaving monopoly (asiento) failed to replicate the success of their Lusophone predecessors in Nueva Veracruz, Mexico City and Puebla de los Ángeles in the 1660s and 1670s.

Technology Transfer

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranab Chatterjee ◽  
Heehyul Moon ◽  
Derrick Kranke
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Community Organization ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Important Idea ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Local Use ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Applied Knowledge

The term technology transfer was first used widely during the Kennedy and Johnson administrations when the role of the United States in relation to developing countries was being formed. At that time, it meant knowledge transfer from the rich countries to the poor countries. In social work, the idea is important in efforts of community organization, community development, and social development. It is also an important idea in direct practice. Technology in these practice settings means the application of a basic social science toward facilitating one or more given ends that benefit human beings. Technology transfer means the passing on of such applied knowledge from one discipline or specialty to another. The application of technology transfer also requires understanding of the cultural setting where it originates as well as of the setting where it is imported for local use.

A Tale of Two Missions

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-39
Author(s):  
Debora Ryan ◽  
Emily Stokes-Rees
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
First Century ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Living History ◽  
History Museums ◽  
Public Consumption ◽  
Living History Museums

This paper is an examination of the use of Native content in two contrasting sites, Sainte-Marie among the Hurons in Midland, Ontario, and Skä•noñh–Great Law of Peace Center in Syracuse, New York. These two sites share a common history, not only as early French settlements, but also as living history museums established in the twentieth century to memorialize and celebrate seventeenth-century Jesuit missions. Revisiting them today reveals their transformation into two very different museum models, incorporating very different methods of presenting indigenous knowledge. The authors consider how two distinct narratives have evolved in the twenty-first century, and how public memory continues to shape visitor expectations. The paper adds to the conversation about museums’ continuing incorporation of diverse historical narratives into their interpretation and programming as well as a rethinking of the ways in which we produce history for public consumption.

scholarly journals Ecological Status and Peoples’ Perception of Mistletoes in Panchase Protected Forest, Central Nepal Himalayas

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Dipak Bohora ◽  
Mohan P. Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge System ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mountainous Communities ◽  
The Rich ◽  
High Degree

 Realizing the importance of Panchase Protected Forest, an important corridor of the Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape (CHAL) area, the ecological status and peoples’ perception of mistletoe was studied to supplement the information on mistletoes of Nepal Himalayas. Mistletoes were studied along the forest trails and data were collected within 10 m radius plots 20 m inside the trails to record the incidence of mistletoe occurrence and severity of infection during three field visits in 1917 and 1918. Fifty people were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire and Biodiversity Conservation Confidence Index was calculated to understand peoples' perceptions about mistletoes. A total of seven mistletoe species, six belonging to four genera in the family Loranthaceae, and a single genus in the family Viscaceae were documented from 27 host species belonging to 24 genera in 18 unrelated angiosperm host families. Loranthaceae mistletoes were more generalists having a wide host range while Viscaceae mistletoe showed a high degree of host specificity. The irregular and patchy distribution of mistletoe is governed by host availability, forest structure, and site mesoclimate. Knowledge regarding the importance and uses of mistletoes and its values in natural plant communities is limited to older generation people. Age groups, profession, and the mechanism of indigenous knowledge inheritance in the rural mountainous communities of the Panchase area are very poor and are eroding rapidly which is against promoting the indigenous knowledge system especially in the younger generation. More conservation initiatives are needed through the stakeholder involvement to protect the rich biodiversity of the area.

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