scholarly journals Forensic Engineering For Automobile Accident Reconstruction

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Chi
Keyword(s):  
Product Liability ◽  
Accident Reconstruction ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Automobile Accident ◽  
Multidisciplinary Practice ◽  
Car Crash ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
The One

Passenger car accidents alone rank among the top five causes of death for the general population and in particular constitute the leading cause of death for the one to twenty-four year old age group. Personal and product liability analysis requires an interdisciplinary research between pathologists and forensic engineers through mathematical modeling and laboratory tests. Similarly, in accident reconstruction a forensic engineer teamed in a multidisciplinary practice with pathologists and attorneys can produce a vivid scenario of the accident using a limited input obtained through diverse sources of information. In this article, various simulation programs relevant to accident investigation are briefly discussed. Dynamics of a simplified two-car crash is heuristically presented and finally the role of the experience forensic engineer and his collaborative effort with pathologists and attorneys in reconstructing a disputed accident are emphasized.

scholarly journals Unique Methods of Visual Presentation With Respect to Accident Reconstruction

1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank H. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Accident Reconstruction ◽  
Engineering Communication ◽  
Automobile Accident ◽  
Direct Form ◽  
Forensic Engineering

Obviously, communication is one of the most important aspects of forensic engineering. Communication is certainly important between both the engineer and the lawyer as well as the engineer and the jury. Of course, communication involves not only sending a message to someone but also making sure that the message is understood by the person receiving it. Speaking and sending letters are two methods of sending a message. However, perhaps a more direct form of communication is visual. The old adage 'a picture is worth a thousand words' has been proven many, many times. Therefore, this discussion deals with two very specific methods of achieving communication through visual presentation. First of all, understand that these two methods are directed primarily toward accident reconstruction. For purposes of illustration, an automobile accident will be used as an example; however, these methods can be applied to other types of accidents as well. The first method, one involving aerial photography, is currently under development. The other method, which is primarily graphic, is already developed and available through several graphic companies or individuals.

scholarly journals Argumenty z autorytetu a krytyczne myślenie. W nawiązaniu do „Logiki i argumentacji” Andrzeja Kisielewicza

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-93
Author(s):  
Mateusz Kotowski
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Rational Argumentation ◽  
The One ◽  
Contemporary Context

Arguments from authority and critical thinking. Side notes toLogic and Argumentation by Andrzej KisielewiczThe article focuses on the role of arguments from authority — or, more precisely, arguments from expert opinion – in rational argumentation and reasoning, in the contemporary context of specialisation of the sciences on the one hand, and the abundance of information on the other. The pretext for this is provided by Andrzej Kisielewicz’s new book: Logika i argumentacja. Praktyczny kurs krytycznego myślenia Logic and Argumentation. A Practical Course In Critical Thinking. I point out that, although Kisielewicz’s book is a valuable contribution to the Polish market of textbooks on argumentation, practical logic and critical thinking, it understates the importance of teaching the ways of proper assessment of arguments from authority, credibility of experts and information sources. I argue that arguments from authority should not be by definition dismissed as fallacies; on the contrary, appealing to authority to expert opinion is an unavoidable element of rational argumentation – at least whenever the discussion requires one to refer to contemporary scientific knowledge. However, relying on experts’ opinions involves genuine risks to the rationality of the debate, many of them having to do with the abundance of pseudoexperts and irresponsibility on the side of some scientists an extensive example is provided by the presentation of statements on GMO’s made by a certain Polish body of scientists. Therefore, the ability to distinguish correct appeals to authority from faulty ones including the ability to tell actual experts from pseudoexperst and reliable sources of information from unreliable ones should be considered a crucial competence which critical thinking courses should teach.

Forensic Engineering Applications in Crime Scene Reconstruction

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Knox
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Product Liability ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Scene Reconstruction ◽  
Engineering Science ◽  
Industrial Accidents ◽  
Crime Scene Reconstruction ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Structural Failures

Forensic engineers have traditionally engaged in the analysis of such events as traffic accidents, fires, industrial accidents, structural failures and product liability claims. The application of engineering science and design principles to these types of cases has been well established and has proven valuable to the legal and professional communities. Despite this extensive background in forensic issues, engineers have been reluctant to apply their training and education to the reconstruction of criminal events. Anecdotal experience shows that the common response by engineers to the field of crime scene reconstruction is: “We don’t do that”. Indeed, Internet research reveals very few cases in which forensic engineers have delved into the reconstruction of shooting incidents, and virtually no cases in which engineers have engaged in that analysis of homicidal beatings, bloodstain patterns or other such criminal events. This paper will explore the role of the forensic engineer in the field of crime scene reconstruction both as practitioner and researcher and will show that there is a growing role for engineers to play in the reconstruction of criminal events. Example cases will be explored, and the application of engineering science to those cases will be demonstrated. This paper will also look at ways for forensic engineers to bridge the experience gap that has perhaps been at the center of their reluctance to become involved in crime scene reconstruction.

The Economic Role of the Imperial Household in the Ch'ing Dynasty

1972 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Te-Ch'ang
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Closed Field ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The One

This author will attempt to present a preliminary study of the economic aspects of the Imperial Household (Nei-wu-fu), which played a unique role during the Chʻing Dynasty in the grand strategy of the Manchu rule over China. The fact that this vital area of Chʻing history has long been neglected can be gauged from the lack of scholarly studies on the Nei-wu-fu up to the present. Even in the imperial days, few Chinese scholars knew about the actual workings of the Nei-wu-fu, for it remained a closed field to outsiders—almost a shrouded mystery. The reasons for its mysterious character were twofold: on the one hand, inaccessibility of sources of information prevented people from getting a clear picture of the Imperial Household; on the other hand, Chinese were inhibited from investigation, since to peer into the “secret affairs of the Court” (Kung-wei chin-shih) was to run a political risk.

scholarly journals The development of N. A. Nekrasov's religious consciousness

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (26) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Melnik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Age ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Religious Consciousness ◽  
Primary Organization ◽  
Poetic Texts ◽  
The One ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
The Church

The problem of N. A. Nekrasov's religiosity, especially its biographical aspect, has not been studied well. As for the sources of information about the dogma of Orthodoxy, in his poetic texts Nekrasov shows considerable awareness of spiritual issues, as they are addressed by the church and the Holy Fathers of the Church. The poet is interested in Orthodox hagiography. His source of information could be, first of all, the so-called popular Orthodoxy. The question remains open about the formation of Nekrasov's religiosity at an early age, about the nature of his spiritual disposition. This article attempts, on the one hand, to present a complete picture of the religious life of the Nekrasov family, which is currently available to us from isolated fragments, and, on the other, to understand the role of his mother, Elena Alexandrovna, as well as the accompanying factors that influenced the primary organization of his religious aspirations. The author suggests that the religious and general romantic mood of the poet’s worldview, inherited from his mother are inseparable. There is no doubt that the high civic pathos of Nekrasov's poetry, developed under the influence of the poet's revolutionary democratic environment, was formed on the childhood basis of a «holy», romantic religious outlook and the perception of life as care for the weak and disadvantaged – in which the main role was played by Nekrasov's mother. The protest pathos of Nekrasov's poetry acquires an unconventional meaning because subjectively, in the poet's own mind, it grows directly out of the ideals of the Gospel.

You Are the One I Want to Communicate With!

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Pierucci ◽  
Olivier Klein ◽  
Andrea Carnaghi
Keyword(s):  
Memory Bias ◽  
Shared Reality ◽  
Communication Partner ◽  
Shared Reality Theory ◽  
The One ◽  
Study Participants

This article investigates the role of relational motives in the saying-is-believing effect ( Higgins & Rholes, 1978 ). Building on shared reality theory, we expected this effect to be most likely when communicators were motivated to “get along” with the audience. In the current study, participants were asked to describe an ambiguous target to an audience who either liked or disliked the target. The audience had been previously evaluated as a desirable vs. undesirable communication partner. Only participants who communicated with a desirable audience tuned their messages to suit their audience’s attitude toward the target. In line with predictions, they also displayed an audience-congruent memory bias in later recall.

The Formation of Intermediate Product I in a Purified System The Role of Factor IX or of its Precursor and of a Hageman Factor-PTA Fraction

1961 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 224-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T Yin ◽  
F Duckert
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Product ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Haemophilia B ◽  
Hageman Factor ◽  
One Stage ◽  
The One

Summary1. The role of two clot promoting fractions isolated from either plasma or serum is studied in a purified system for the generation of intermediate product I in which the serum is replaced by factor X and the investigated fractions.2. Optimal generation of intermediate product I is possible in the purified system utilizing fractions devoid of factor IX one-stage activity. Prothrombin and thrombin are not necessary in this system.3. The fraction containing factor IX or its precursor, no measurable activity by the one-stage assay method, controls the yield of intermediate product I. No similar fraction can be isolated from haemophilia B plasma or serum.4. The Hageman factor — PTA fraction shortens the lag phase of intermediate product I formation and has no influence on the yield. This fraction can also be prepared from haemophilia B plasma or serum.

Michael Kelly, Hilary Footitt, Myriam Salama-Carr (eds.): The Palgrave Handbook of Languages and Conflict

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ľubomír Zvada
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Speakers Of Other Languages ◽  
War And Conflict ◽  
Almost All

This Handbook maps the contours of an exciting and burgeoning interdisciplinary field concerned with the role of language and languages in situations of conflict. It explores conceptual approaches, sources of information that are available, and the institutions and actors that mediate language encounters. It examines case studies of the role that languages have played in specific conflicts, from colonial times through to the Middle East and Africa today. The contributors provide vibrant evidence to challenge the monolingual assumptions that have affected traditional views of war and conflict. They show that languages are woven into every aspect of the making of war and peace, and demonstrate how language shapes public policy and military strategy, setting frameworks and expectations. The Handbook's 22 chapters powerfully illustrate how the encounter between languages is integral to almost all conflicts, to every phase of military operations and to the lived experiences of those on the ground, who meet, work and fight with speakers of other languages. This comprehensive work will appeal to scholars from across the disciplines of linguistics, translation studies, history, and international relations; and provide fresh insights for a broad range of practitioners interested in understanding the role and implications of foreign languages in war.

THE ROLE OF ANTHROPONYMS IN THE SEMANTIC FIELD OF ARTISTIC WORKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (29) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Lidiya Derbenyova
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
The One ◽  
A Minor ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Horizon Of Expectations

The article explores the role of antropoetonyms in the reader’s “horizon of expectation” formation. As a kind of “text in the text”, antropoetonyms are concentrating a large amount of information on a minor part of the text, reflecting the main theme of the work. As a “text” this class of poetonyms performs a number of functions: transmission and storage of information, generation of new meanings, the function of “cultural memory”, which explains the readers’ “horizon of expectations”. In analyzing the context of the literary work we should consider the function of antropoetonyms in vertical context (the link between artistic and other texts, and the groundwork system of culture), as well as in the context of the horizontal one (times’ connection realized in the communication chain from the word to the text; the author’s intention). In this aspect, the role of antropoetonyms in the structure of the literary text is extremely significant because antropoetonyms convey an associative nature, generating a complex mechanism of allusions. It’s an open fact that they always transmit information about the preceding text and suggest a double decoding. On the one hand, the recipient decodes this information, on the other – accepts this as a sort of hidden, “secret” sense.

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