Storage Battery Explosions: Heating and Jarring

1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry S. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
High Rate ◽  
Storage Battery ◽  
High Current ◽  
Vapor Explosion ◽  
Popular Belief ◽  
Boiling Liquid ◽  
Localized Heating ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Current Drain

A previous paper entitled Storage Battery Explosions: Hydrogen or BLEVE.? showed that contrary to popular belief storage battery explosions concurrent with or following a high rate of discharge were BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion) explosions rather than hydrogen. The bases of that paper were the explosions of two batteries. Because of low liquid in a cell there had been excessive localized heating, actually superheating, between the plates. However, other than the explosion resulting from alleged superheating there was no other indication nor evidence of heating. This paper describes a BLEVE explosion that resulted simply from jarring after the overheating of the battery which had been subjected to high current drain in attempting to start the automobile. It is referred to as the Salaam case.

A Spot Climate Recorder

1956 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert B. Schultz ◽  
Frederick A. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Economic Advantage ◽  
Storage Battery ◽  
Field Equipment ◽  
Meteorological Field ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Current Drain

In agricultural research as well as in applied climatology as a whole, there is an increasing demand for portable meteorological field equipment capable of recording continuously more environmental factors than the conventional hygro-thermograph. The spot climate recorder described can register dry bulb, wet bulb, soil, and black globe temperatures, and wind direction and velocity on either daily or weekly charts, whichever is best for the climate survey. If desired, all these elements can be registered on one chart, but a set of two recorders has been found to be no more expensive and gives the economic advantage of making each useable separately. This is desirable for instance when a network of wind registering stations is needed (including 1 temperature each) but the complete record of moisture, radiation, etc. is sufficient at one station. The wind-recording circuits are designed for low-current drain on a 6-volt storage battery. Rather than draw on this battery to provide aspiration for the dry and wet-bulb thermometers, the wind velocity record is used to determine at which few hours the wet-bulb record may be unreliable.

Modeling of Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE): Plane, Cylindrical and Spherical 1D Model

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Pinhasi ◽  
Y. Dahan ◽  
A. Dayan ◽  
A. Ullmann
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Vapor Explosion ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Boiling Liquid ◽  
Energy Models ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
1D Model ◽  
Tnt Equivalence

A 1D plane, cylindrical and spherical numerical model was developed for estimating the thermodynamic and the dynamic state of the boiling liquid during a boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) event. The model predicts, simultaneously, the flow properties of the expanding two-phase flashing mixture and its surrounding air. The possible presence of a shock wave formed by the fluid expansion through the air is accounted for in the model. Model predictions of the shock wave strengths, in terms of TNT equivalence for the various coordinate systems, were compared against those obtained by simple energy models. As expected, the simple energy models over predicts the shock wave strength. However, the simple model which accounts for the expansion irreversibility, produces results which are closer to current model predictions. For the 1D plane case the model simulates a BLEVE scenario in a tunnel, whereas for the spherical case the more realistic BLEVE scenario in free space is being studied.

scholarly journals Towards high rate Li metal anodes: enhanced performance at high current density in a superconcentrated ionic liquid

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 3574-3579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalani Periyapperuma ◽  
Elisabetta Arca ◽  
Steve Harvey ◽  
Chunmei Ban ◽  
Anthony Burrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Current Density ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Current ◽  
Fast Charge ◽  
Cycling Efficiency ◽  
P Application ◽  
Metal Anodes

Application of high current density demonstrated enhanced cycling efficiency and the formation of a stable and LiF dominated SEI providing a new path to enable fast charge battery technologies.

scholarly journals CFD Simulation and Mitigation with Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) Caused by Jet Fire

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alon Davidy
Keyword(s):  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Heat Transfer Analysis ◽  
Superheated Liquid ◽  
Vapor Explosion ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Boiling Liquid ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
The People

Different kinds of explosions are driven by the internal energy accumulated in compressed gas or superheated liquid. A well-known example of such an explosion is the burst of a vessel with pressure-liquefied substance, known as Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE). Hot BLEVE accident is caused mainly by direct heating (pool fire or jet fire) of the steel casing at the vapor side of the tank to temperatures in excess of 400 °C. Thermal insulation around the tank can significantly reduce and retard the excessive heating of the tank casings in a fire. This will allow fire fighters enough time to reach the accident location and to cool the LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas) tank to avoid the BLEVE, to extinguish the fire or to evacuate the people in the vicinity of the accident. The proposed algorithm addresses several aspects of the BLEVE accident and its mitigation: Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Simulation of jet fire by using fire dynamics simulator (FDS) software by using large eddy simulation (LES); calculation of the convective and radiative heat fluxes by using the impinging jet fire theory; performing thermochemical and heat transfer analysis on the glass-woven vinyl ester coating of the vessel by using FDS software (version 5); and COMSOL Multiphysics (version 4.3b) during the heating phase of composite and calculation of the time period required to evaporate the liquefied propane by using the first and second laws of thermodynamics.

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