scholarly journals Harnessed Lightning: How the Chinese Military is Adopting Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Fedasiuk ◽  
◽  
Jennifer Melot ◽  
Ben Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Defense Industry ◽  
Export Control ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
People's Liberation Army ◽  
People’S Liberation Army ◽  
Chinese Military

This report examines nearly 350 artificial intelligence-related equipment contracts awarded by the People’s Liberation Army and state-owned defense enterprises in 2020 to assess how the Chinese military is adopting AI. The report identifies China’s key AI defense industry suppliers, highlights gaps in U.S. export control policies, and contextualizes the PLA’s AI investments within China’s broader strategy to compete militarily with the United States.

scholarly journals U.S. Semiconductor Exports to China: Current Policies and Trends

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saif Khan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Semiconductor Manufacturing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Export Control ◽  
Export Controls ◽  
Manufacturing Equipment ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
China Trade

The United States has long used export controls to prevent the proliferation of advanced semiconductors and the inputs necessary to produce them. With Beijing building up its own chipmaking industry, the United States has begun tightening restrictions on exports of semiconductor manufacturing equipment to China. This brief provides an overview of U.S. semiconductor export control policies and analyzes the impacts of those policies on U.S.-China trade.

Aircraft carriers will extend China’s military reach

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aircraft Carrier ◽  
Content Type ◽  
People's Liberation Army ◽  
The Us ◽  
People’S Liberation Army ◽  
Freedom Of Action ◽  
Power And Influence

Subject China's aircraft carriers. Significance The commissioning into service last month of China’s first domestically built aircraft carrier, the Shandong, was a milestone in the development of Beijing’s naval potential. It brings a step closer the ability of China’s People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) to deploy a credible operational carrier capability and in particular to deploy with greater confidence and freedom of action at range in regions remote from China to project Beijing’s power and influence. Impacts Beijing potentially could deploy perhaps six carriers by the 2030s, compared with the US Navy’s current eleven fleet carriers. Beijing’s carriers would have only a limited, supporting, distracting role at most in a direct confrontation with the United States. Their main purpose will be to impress and intimidate other countries and project China’s power. Other major military powers will adjust their own aircraft carrier plans in response to China’s.

Explaining Foreign Economic Policy: A Comparison of U.S and West German Export Controls

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Hofhansel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
German Export ◽  
Political Support ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Export Control ◽  
Export Controls ◽  
Foreign Economic Policy ◽  
Control Policies

ABSTRACTThis article analyzes differences between United States and West German export controls. It shows that United States controls are more extensive and stricter than controls in West Germany. Three possible explanations for this variation in policy are considered. First, these two states differ in regard to their positions in the international system and in their choice of economic strategies. Second, the extent of domestic political support for strict export control policies varies between the two countries. Finally, West Germany lacks the institutional framework to adequately control its foreign trade. The evidence presented corroborates the first two alternatives, while institutional explanations receive relatively little support. The article then discusses the historical development of United States and West German export control policies and institutions. The analysis shows evidence of both change and stability. More specifically, the article questions the argument that institutions in foreign economic policy, once established, persist and resist change, instead of adapting to environmental changes. Several hypotheses are considered to explain why in the area of export controls changes in policy, and to some extent institutions, occurred more frequently in West Germany than in the United States.

The ideological divide in public perceptions of self-driving cars

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-451
Author(s):  
Yilang Peng
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
United States ◽  
Scientific Literacy ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
New Information ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Self Driving Cars ◽  
Social Conservatism

Applications in artificial intelligence such as self-driving cars may profoundly transform our society, yet emerging technologies are frequently faced with suspicion or even hostility. Meanwhile, public opinions about scientific issues are increasingly polarized along the ideological line. By analyzing a nationally representative panel in the United States, we reveal an emerging ideological divide in public reactions to self-driving cars. Compared with liberals and Democrats, conservatives and Republicans express more concern about autonomous vehicles and more support for restrictively regulating autonomous vehicles. This ideological gap is largely driven by social conservatism. Moreover, both familiarity with driverless vehicles and scientific literacy reduce respondents’ concerns over driverless vehicles and support for regulation policies. Still, the effects of familiarity and scientific literacy are weaker among social conservatives, indicating that people may assimilate new information in a biased manner that promotes their worldviews.

scholarly journals Rising Sino-U.S. Competition in Artificial Intelligence

2018 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 241-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Wang ◽  
Dingding Chen
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strategic Competition ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Future ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Political Security

Both China and the United States are international leaders in artificial intelligence (AI). Although there remains a significant gap between them in cutting-edge technologies, and they have adopted different methods of planning and implementation, both countries have been mobilizing national resources and formulating policies to promote AI development, so as to achieve a strategic advantage over the other, especially against the backdrop of ever more intense and complicated strategic competition between them in recent years. As an epitome of their changing relationship, Sino-U.S. competition in AI development is manifested in economic, political, security, technological and other fields. It is expected that artificial intelligence will become an even more important field of competition between China and the United States, and that the trends of AI development and competition will to some extent determine the future dynamics of their bilateral relations.

scholarly journals China’s AI experience: industrial digitalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-546
Author(s):  
Marina S. Reshetnikova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
United States ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
The Moment

The rapid acceleration of scientific and technological progress, which started at the beginning of the 21st century, has become a decisive factor in influencing the global economy. Who will lead the global innovation race? This problem is especially relevant in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). At the moment, the United States and China are the main participants in the battle for dominance in this area. The author assesses Chinas innovative potential in the field of AI and identifies its achievements in this area. Based on the statistics provided, Chinas AI leadership has reached a critical point. China is confidently leading the new fundamental research of artificial intelligence, forming its theoretical base and applied research and development, which will contribute to the creation of new high-tech innovative products and services. However, in terms of the number and quality of AI specialists (AI Talents) and the number of companies engaged in AI, China is still lagging behind its main rival, namely the United States. The author proved that, despite the obvious successes of China, the United States still has an equal lead in the global innovation race.

The United States' Nuclear Defense Industry

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-266
Author(s):  
Roland J. Lamarine
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Defense Industry
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