scholarly journals Harnessing Plant Plasmid Curing Activity as an Alternative Approach to the Antibiotic Resistance Problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Plasmid Curing ◽  
Alternative Approach

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF PLASMID CURING ON ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE ON SOME CLINICAL ISOLATES OF ESCHERICHIA COLI

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-327
Author(s):  
Mamunu Abdulkadir SULAIMAN ◽  
H.S Muhammad ◽  
Aliyu Muhammad Sani ◽  
Aminu Ibrahim ◽  
Ibrahim Muhammad Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Plasmid Curing ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Mar Index ◽  
The Impact

Multidrug resistance (MDR) exhibited by some strains of Escherichia coli may be due to acquiring mobile genetic element (R-plasmid) by the bacteria, or intrinsically induced by inappropriate use of antibiotics by the hosts.  Infection by such strains may result to prolonged illness and greater risk of death. The study evaluated the impact of curing on antibiotic resistance on selected clinical isolates of E. coli. Twenty clinical isolates of E. coli from our previous studies were re-characterized using conventional microbiological techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was determined by disk diffusion method, MDR selected based on resistance to ≥ 2 classes of antibiotics. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was determined as ratio of the number of antibiotic resisted to the total number of antibiotics tested and considered significant if ≥. 0.2. The isolates that showed significant MAR index were subjected to plasmid curing using acridine orange, thereafter, profiled for plasmid and the cured ones were re-tested against the antibiotics they initially resisted. Out of the 20 isolates, 19 (95%) were confirmed as E. coli, all (100%) of which were MDRs, which was highest against augmentin (78.9%) followed by amoxacillin (52.6%). However, after the plasmid curing only 6 (31.6%) out of the 19 isolates cured retained significant MAR index and the level of the significance had reduced drastically in 16 (84.2%) isolates. Conclusively, curing assay can completely eliminate R-plasmid acquired resistance. More studied on plasmid curing agents for possible augmentation of the agents into antibiotics may see the rise of successful antibiotic era again.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance ofSalmonellaspp. Isolated from Shrimp Farming Freshwater Environment in Northeast Region of Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fátima C. T. Carvalho ◽  
Oscarina V. Sousa ◽  
Edirsana M. R. Carvalho ◽  
Ernesto Hofer ◽  
Regine H. S. F. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Plasmid Curing ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

This study investigated the presence and antibiotic resistance ofSalmonellaspp. in a shrimp farming environment in Northeast Region of Brazil. Samples of water and sediments from two farms rearing freshwater-acclimatedLitopenaeus vannameiwere examined for the presence ofSalmonella. Afterwards,Salmonellaisolates were serotyped, the antimicrobial resistance was determined by a disk diffusion method, and the plasmid curing was performed for resistant isolates. A total of 30 (16.12%) of the 186 isolates were confirmed to beSalmonellaspp., belonging to five serovars:S. serovar Saintpaul,S. serovar Infantis,S. serovar Panama,S. serovar Madelia, andS. serovar Braenderup, along with 2 subspecies:S. entericaserovar houtenae andS. entericaserovar enterica. About twenty-three percent of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and twenty percent were resistant to at least two antibiotics. Three strains isolated from water samples (pond and inlet canal) exhibited multiresistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and nitrofurantoin. One of them had a plasmid with genes conferring resistance to nitrofurantoin and ampicillin. The incidence of bacteria pathogenic to humans in a shrimp farming environment, as well as their drug-resistance pattern revealed in this study, emphasizes the need for a more rigorous attention to this area.

scholarly journals Effects of plasmid curing on Rhizobium spp.

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukitu Nahar ◽  
Zinat Mahal ◽  
Hasan M Zahid ◽  
Khadiza Zaman ◽  
Fahmida Jahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Plasmid Curing ◽  
Rhizobial Strain ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Rhizobial Species ◽  
Rhizobium Spp ◽  
The Difference

Present study was carried out to determine the difference between the wild type rhizobial strains and plasmid cured strains for some important characteristics such as antibiotic resistance. The rhizobial strains were isolated from locally produced legumes of different varieties such as Pisum sativum, Sesbania aculeata, Vigna mungo, Phaseolus vulgaris, Lens culinaris and Arachis hypogea.They were purified and subjected to various morphological, cultural and biochemical analysis, and also to antibiogram. All the strains showed resistance against amoxicillin and bacitracin, and exhibited higher (50% or more) resistance against ampicillin, erythromycin, nalidixic acid and strptomycin. The isolates were then subjected to plasmid profile analysis. To determine appropriate dose for plasmid curing, Sesbania nodulating rhizobial strain was treated with different concentrations of acridine orange (plasmid curing agent). Rhizobial growth was found in yeast mannitol broth after curing with 30 ?g/ml of acridine orrange. The rhizobial strain was found to be sensitive against amoxicillin, streptomycin and ampicillin after plasmid curing and no exopolysaccharides were found. The present study reveals that the plasmid in rhizobial species might confer the antibiotic resistance and possibly involve in maintaining symbiotic relationships. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v2i1.15212 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.2(1) 2012: 34-37

scholarly journals Collateral Sensitivity Associated with Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Herencias ◽  
Jerónimo Rodríguez-Beltrán ◽  
Ricardo León-Sampedro ◽  
Aida Alonso-del Valle ◽  
Jana Palkovičová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Collateral Sensitivity ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Chromosomal Mutations

AbstractCollateral sensitivity (CS) is a promising alternative approach to counteract the rising problem of antibiotic resistance (ABR). CS occurs when the acquisition of resistance to one antibiotic produces increased susceptibility to a second antibiotic. For CS to be widely applicable in clinical practice, it would need to be effective against the different resistance mechanisms available to bacteria. Recent studies have focused on CS strategies designed against ABR mediated by chromosomal mutations. However, one of the main drivers of ABR in clinically relevant bacteria is the horizontal transfer of ABR genes mediated by plasmids. Here, we report the first analysis of CS associated with the acquisition of complete ABR plasmids, including the clinically important carbapenem-resistance conjugative plasmid pOXA-48. In addition, we describe the conservation of CS in clinical E. coli isolates and its application to the selective elimination of plasmid-carrying bacteria. Our results provide new insights that establish the basis for developing CS-informed treatment strategies to combat plasmid-mediated ABR.

scholarly journals Plasmid Profile of Multiple Antibiotics Resistant (mar) Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Water Samples from Ebira Communities in Ekiti South Senatorial District

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Adebowale Odeyemi ◽  
Olusola Oluwole ◽  
Adewole Adebayo ◽  
Seyifunmi Iseyemi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Acridine Orange ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Plasmid Curing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Plasmid curing of microbes and physicochemical analysis of water samples obtained from Ebira communities in six local governments in Ekiti South Senatorial District were analyzed. Antibiotic sensitivity and profile of bacterial isolates were analyzed using pour plating, disk diffusion method and gel electrophoresis techniques respectively while the plasmid were cured using acridine orange. The mean total bacterial count of the water samples collected from these six different local governments at different time ranged from 2.08 x 105 to 6.0 x 106 CFU/ml; the mean total coliform count ranged from 2.41 x 105 to 3.75 x 106 CFU/ml and the mean total Escherichia coli count (TEC) ranged from 1.53 x 105 to 3.45 x 105 CFU/ml. Total of 152 bacteria were recovered with E.coli having the highest distribution of 35% while Serratia marcensens had the least distribution of 0.7%. The highest antibiotic resistance of 100% was recorded against ceftazidine but only 17% of the isolates were resistant to gentamicin. About 56% of 34 selected MAR isolates carried plasmid(s) with high molecular weight ranging from 5.64Kbp to 23.13Kbp. Antibiotic resistance pattern and plasmids profile of selected MAR E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus prior to and after curing showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa became susceptible to augmentin and Staphylococcus aureus also became susceptible to ceftriazole while E. coli still maintained the earlier resistant pattern. The plasmid profiling of these isolates after curing indicated the lost of plasmids in each of the isolates. Present study however implicated the incidence of MAR bacteria in the sources of water in Ekiti-South Senatorial district as a serious health challenge, and confirmed the potential of acridine orange for plasmid curing.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli as Possible Agents of Spread of Multidrug Resistance in Port Harcourt, Rivers State.

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Kome Otokunefor ◽  
Victor Ogechi Osogho ◽  
Chijindu Precious Nwankwo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Plasmid Curing ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Mar Index ◽  
High Level

AbstractMultidrug resistance (MDR) continues to be a growing global issue. The problem of MDR is fuelled in part by the spread of the genes encoding resistance horizontally which is linked particularly to conjugation involving plasmids. Studies have demonstrated the presence of plasmids in drug resistant isolates, few have shown a link between these plasmids and drug resistance via plasmid curing especially in our locale. This study set out to explore this link inEscherichia coliisolates from Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Plasmid curing was done on a selection of clinical and non-clinical bacteria using acridine orange and antibiotic susceptibility testing carried out on both cured and uncured variants. Data generated was analysed to ascertain the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index and MDR of each isolate. Data was then compared to ascertain effects of plasmid curing on antibiotic resistance of the isolates. Results revealed a decrease in resistance to 7 of 8 antibiotics following plasmid curing. The highest change was noted in ceftazidime (40%), followed by ofloxacin (26.7%). Plasmid curing caused a shift in MAR index values of isolates from higher to lower indices. At MAR index values of ≤0.25 occurrence increased from 5% to 36.7% while at MAR index values ≥0.75, occurrence reduced from 29.9% to 10.0%. A reduction in the degree of MDR was noted (from 55% to 36.7%). Strikingly, the reduction in MDR level of non-clinical isolates was 30% as opposed to 3.4% in the clinical isolates. This study shows a link between plasmids and antibiotic resistance. For the non-clinical isolates, the high-level link between MDR and plasmid carriage could indicate a higher use of antimicrobials in non-clinical rather than clinical settings. Additionally, it could be an indicator for a higher risk of the transfer of MDR determinants from non-clinical sources to human populations in our locale.

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