scholarly journals The Entropy-Based Approach to Physics of Living Systems and the Chaos and Self-Organization Theory

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
А.А. Хадарцев ◽  
О.Е. Филатова ◽  
И.А. Мандрыка ◽  
В.В. Еськов
Keyword(s):  
Organization Theory ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Living System ◽  
Nonequilibrium System ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
System Level ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Minimum Entropy ◽  
System Behavior

Рассматриваются фундаментальные законы поведения живых систем с позиций классической термодинамики Р. Клаузиуса и Л. Больцмана и термодинамики неравновесных систем I.R. Prigogine. Показывается с позиций новой теории хаоса-самоорганизации, что законы термодинамики невозможно применять к живым гомеостатическим системам на уровне организации этих систем (т. е. на системном уровне), хотя на молекулярном уровне все работает. Одновременно мы не можем использовать и законы термодинамики неравновесных систем. Для гомеостатических (живых) систем неприменима теорема Гленсдорфа–Пригожина о минимуме прироста энтропии P=dE/dt в области (окрестности), где энтропия E имеет максимум (в точках равновесия). Более того, само понятие равновесия в границах термодинамики неприменимо к медико-биологическим системам – системам третьего типа. The fundamental living system behavior patterns are considered in terms of classical Clausius and Boltzmann thermodynamics, and I. R. Prigogine nonequilibrium system thermodynamics. The new theory of chaos and selforganization shows that the laws of thermodynamics are inapplicable to live homeostatic systems at their level of organization (i.e., the system level), although they are perfectly applicable at the molecular level. We cannot use the laws of nonequilibrium system thermodynamics, either. The Glensdorff–Prigogine theorem stating the minimum entropy increase P=dE/dt in the area (vicinity) where the entropy E has a maximum (at the equilibrium points) is inapplicable to homeostatic (living) systems. Moreover, the very concept of nonequilibrium as used in thermodynamics is inapplicable to the systems of the 3rd kind (medical and biological systems).

scholarly journals The Systemic Theory of Living Systems and Relevance to CAM: the Theory (Part III)

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Olalde Rangel
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
General System ◽  
Living System ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Systemic Theory ◽  
Central Controller ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Systems Intelligence

Western medical science lacks a solid philosophical and theoretical approach to disease cognition and therapeutics. My first two articles provided a framework for a humane medicine based on Modern Biophysics. Its precepts encompass modern therapeutics and CAM. Modern Biophysics and its concepts are presently missing in medicine, whether orthodox or CAM, albeit they probably provide the long sought explanation that bridges the abyss between East and West. Key points that differentiate Systemic from other systems' approaches are ‘Intelligence’, ‘Energy’ and the objective ‘to survive’. The General System Theory (GST) took a forward step by proposing a departure from the mechanistic biological concept—of analyzing parts and processes in isolation—and brought us towards an organismic model. GST examines the system's components and results of their interaction. However, GST still does not go far enough. GST assumes ‘Self-Organization’ as a spontaneous phenomenon, ignoring a causative entity or central controller to all systems: Intelligence. It also neglects ‘Survive’ as the directional motivation common to any living system, and scarcely assigns ‘Energy’ its true inherent value. These three parameters, Intelligence, Energy and Survive, are vital variables to be considered, in our human quest, if we are to achieve a unified theory of life.

Tile Automaton: A Model for an Architecture of a Living System

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Yamamoto ◽  
Kunihiko Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Living System ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Abstract Model

To understand an architecture of a living system, “Tile Automaton” is introduced as an abstract model of chemical reaction of molecules scattered over a space. The model consists of tiles of various shapes that stand for molecules. The chemical reaction, induced by the collisions of tiles, is represented by the change of the tile shapes. The rules for reaction are deterministic, and the evolution of the system strongly depends on mutual spatial relationship among tiles. The evolution often leads to self-organization of a “factory,” a set of tiles that produces tiles continuously and keeps its structure. Several interesting phenomena, such as a deformation or a division of a factory, are also observed. It is proposed that the formation of the factory is due to the interference between different aspects of tiles—the shape and the motion. The concept of “entanglement” is introduced as a mechanism of living systems.

Biophysics of living systems in mirror of chaos and self-organization theory

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
В. Еськов ◽  
V. Eskov ◽  
О. Филатова ◽  
O. Filatova ◽  
Л. Иляшенко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organization Theory ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Self Organization

Capabilities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. M. J. Verschure
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
System Level ◽  
Cognitive Architectures ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Perception Action

This chapter introduces the “Capabilities” section of the Handbook of Living Machines. Where the previous section considered building blocks, we recognize that components or modules do not automatically make systems. Hence, in the remainder of this handbook, the emphasis is toward the capabilities of living systems and their emulation in artifacts. Capabilities often arise from the integration of multiple components and thus sensitize us to the need to develop a system-level perspective on living machines. Here we summarize and consider the 14 contributions in this section which cover perception, action, cognition, communication, and emotion, and the integration of these through cognitive architectures into systems that can emulate the full gamut of integrated behaviors seen in animals including, potentially, our own capacity for consciousness.

scholarly journals Understanding Power System Behavior through Mining Archived Operational Data

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarasij Das ◽  
Nagendra Rao P S
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Power System ◽  
System Level ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Total System ◽  
System Behavior ◽  
Average System ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Operational Data ◽  
Southern Regional

This paper is the outcome of an attempt in mining recorded power system operational data in order to get new insight to practical power system behavior. Data mining, in general, is essentially finding new relations between data sets by analyzing well known or recorded data. In this effort we make use of the recorded data of the Southern regional grid of India. Some interesting relations at the total system level between frequency, total MW/MVAr generation, and average system voltage have been obtained. The aim of this work is to highlight the potential of data mining for power system applications and also some of the concerns that need to be addressed to make such efforts more useful.

Discontinuous and continuous transitions of collective behaviors in living systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Li ◽  
Tingting Xue ◽  
Yu Sun ◽  
Jingfang Fan ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Collective Motion ◽  
Finite Size ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Living System ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Finite Size Scaling ◽  
Continuous Transition ◽  
Collective Behaviors ◽  
Large Groups

Abstract Living systems are full of astonishing diversity and complexity of life. Despite differences in the length scales and cognitive abilities of these systems, collective motion of large groups of individuals can emerge. It is of great importance to seek for the fundamental principles of collective motion, such as phase transitions and their natures. Via an eigen microstate approach, we have found a discontinuous transition of density and a continuous transition of velocity in the Vicsek models of collective motion, which are identified by the finite-size scaling form of order-parameter. At strong noise, living systems behave like gas. With the decrease of noise, the interactions between the particles of a living system become stronger and make them come closer. The living system experiences then a discontinuous gas-liquid like transition of density. The even stronger interactions at smaller noise make the velocity directions of particles become ordered and there is a continuous phase transition of collective motion in addition.

Culture, Humanitarian Knowledge and Self-Organization Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-351
Author(s):  
Georgy G. Malinetsky
Keyword(s):  
Organization Theory ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
The Future ◽  
Cultural Choice ◽  
Development Paths

In the 1950s, Charles Snow wrote about the growing gap between the humanities and natural science cultures. He saw this as a great danger both for science itself and for all humankind. In Russia, it was complemented by a crisis of humanitarian knowledge. The article considers the ways to overcome this crisis and build a bridge between cultures.The solution of these problems is associated with the development of interdisciplinary approaches in general, and the theory of self-organization in particular. Synergetics today represents an approach that lies at the intersection of subject knowledge, philosophical reflection and mathematical modeling. It allows you to solve problems that go beyond individual scientific disciplines. Many of them require an analysis of processes and factors in rational, emotional and intuitive spaces.The article shows that the ongoing humanitarian and technological revolution, the tasks of designing the future, increase the role of humanitarian knowledge. The author substantiates the importance of a civilizational approach to humanitarian culture and considers the cultural issues of the unique civilization of Russia. There is outlined a number of specific steps to overcome the crisis of Russian humanitarian knowledge.The concept of cultural challenge is of particular importance among the problems for which solutions are proposed. The transition from the industrial to the post-industrial phase of the civilization development and the widespread use of artificial intelligence systems will free from work about half of people. The social stability and prospects for the civilization development are determined by the ability of culture to make their life complete, meaningful and creative. The use of interdisciplinary approaches in the education system of Russia is of fundamental importance in the course of the humanitarian and technological revolution. The organizational and financial reforms of the last thirty years have led education to a deep crisis. The interdisciplinary approaches are needed in order to balance the wishes of the programs authors, the opportunities of students and to correlate the training received with the prospects for the country’s development. The revision of the content and forms of education today is becoming a problem not only for teachers and scientists, but also for the entire national culture.The imperative of our country’s cultural development is the image of the future. In the industrial era, there was an idea of universality of the ways of social systems development. In the postindustrial reality, the world becomes more complex, diversity increases. At the current point of bifurcation, several development paths open up. A civilization’s cultural choice, based on tradition, scientific forecasting and the image of the future, becomes fundamental. Interdisciplinary approaches can play a fundamental role in shaping such a cultural choice.

scholarly journals Integrative concept of homeostasis: translating physiology into medicine

F1000Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Ivan Spasojević
Keyword(s):  
Living System ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Input Side ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
To Come ◽  
Integrative Concept ◽  
The One ◽  
Reductionist Approach

To truly understand living systems they must be viewed as a whole. In order to achieve this and to come to some law that living systems comply with, the reductionist approach, which has delivered a tremendous amount of data so far, should be complemented with integrative concepts. The current paper represents my humble attempt towards an integrative concept of homeostasis that would describe the (patho)physiological setup of adult human/mammal system, and that might be applicable in medicine. Homeostasis can be defined as time- and initial-condition-independent globally stabile state of non-equilibrium of a living system in which the interactions of system with the surroundings and internal processes are overall in balance or very near it. The presence of homeostasis or the shift from homeostasis of an adult human/mammal system can be described by equation that takes into account energy and informational input and output, catabolism and anabolism, oxidation and reduction, and entropy, where changes in the input should equal changes in the output within a specific period of time. Catabolism and oxidation are presented on the input side since the drive of the surroundings is to decompose and oxidize living systems, i.e. systems are under constant 'catabolic and oxidative pressure'. According to the equation, homeostasis might be regained by changing any of the input or output components in a proper manner (and within certain limits), not only the one(s) that has/have been changed in the first place resulting in the deviation from homeostasis.

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