REPLACEMENT OF MAIZE WITH CASSAVA ROOT MEAL EITHER ALONE OR MIXED WITH BREWERS YEAST SLURRY IN DIETS FOR GROWING-FINISHING PIGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-163
Author(s):  
S. A. Ikurior ◽  
G. O. Achadu
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Large White ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Brewers Yeast ◽  
Cassava Root Meal ◽  
Period Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

Twenty four (24) crossbred grower pigs of Large White, Landrace, Hampshire and Duroc breeds, which averaged 43.96kg liveweight, were allocated in groups of4 pigs and two replicates, to each of 3 diets. Diet I was a maize-based control while in diets II and III, cassava root meal (CRM) solely, or its mixture with brewers yeast slurry (CRM-BYS) replaced all of the maize in the control. The pigs were group - housed in concrete floor pens where they were fed the test diets to appetite, and had water ad libitum over a 30-day period. Performance parameters were measured during this period, and at the end of it, 4 pigs from each treatment were slaughtered and their carcasses characterized. Average daily feed (ADF), average daily gain (ADG), feed/gain ratio for diets I, II and III were 2.08, 2.07, and 2.01 kg; 0.63, 0.60 and 0.64 kg; 331, 3.48 and 3.15 respectively. The differences were not significant (P >.05). Feed cost/kg liveweight gain was significantly (P< .05) reduced from N19.43 to N14.65 and N11.28 when dietary maize was replaced by CRM and CRM/BYS respectively. Linear and jointed carcass measures, and organ weight did not differ significantly (P>.05) in the different diets. These data show a net advantage of replacing dietary maize with cassava root meal or its mixture with brewers yeast slurry for growing-finishing pigs under the defined conditions.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF WEANER-GROWER PIGS TO DIETS CONTAINING SUN-DRIED MIXTURES OF BREWERS YEAST SLURRY WITH MAIZE GRAIN AND CASSAVA ROOT MEAL.

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
S. A. IKURIOR ◽  
F. G. KAANKUKA ◽  
S. I. DAVID
Keyword(s):  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Brewers Yeast ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Cassava Root Meal ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Crossbred Pigs ◽  
Weaner Pigs

Brewers yeast slurry (BYS) was mixed with  ground maize grain (GMG) at 1:1 and 1:1.5 ratios W/W and with cassava root meal (CRM) at 1:1 ratio w/w and were sun-dried to moisture contents of 10% or less within 48 hr. Two separate feeding trials were conducted to determine performance of weaner-grower pigs fed diets containing the BYS mixtures. In the first trial, 3 diets were formulated; the maize-based control (GMG 1), and those containing mixtures of GMG and BYS at 1.5:1 (MYS2) and 1:1 (MYS3) ratios w/w. Three-way crossbred weaner pigs of Large White, Landrace and Hampshire breeds averaging 11.78kg liveweight and approximately 8 wk old were allocated in groups of 4 and fed each of the 3 test diets in two replicates, for 35 days. Performance data showed that ADG, ADF, Feed conversion ratio and feed cost/kg liveweight gain (N) were 0.43, 0.42, 0.40 kg; 1.03, 0.95, 0.96 kg; 2.59, 2.35, 2.39 and 17.28, 14.78, 14.11 for CMG1, MYS2, MYS3, respectively. In the second 35-day feeding trial, approximately 14 wk old three-way crossbred pigs similar to the above, and averaging 25.60 kg liveweight were fed diets based on maize grain (MSB), cassava root meal alone (CRM), or CRM mixed with BYS (CYS). ADG, ADF, FCR ratio and feed cost/kg liveweight gain (N) for MSB, CRM, CYS were 0.58, 0.56, 0.66 kg; 1.63, 1.60, 1.71 kg; 2.84, 3.07, 2.62 and 16.68, 13.42, 9.46, respectively. The inclusion of BYS in diets reduced their cost and improved feed utilization with consequent reduced cost of weaner-grower pig liveweight gain.

scholarly journals REPLACING MAIZE WITH CASSAVA ROOT MEAL OR ITS MIXTURE WITH BREWERS YEAST SLURRY IN RABBIT DIETS

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
S. A. IKURIOR ◽  
J. D. AKEM
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Brewers Yeast ◽  
Cassava Root Meal ◽  
Daily Gain

Three diets were evaluated for their effect on performance, carcass yield and organ measurements of finisher rabbits. The control was maize-based (MC) while, in the other two diets, cassava root meal (CR) or its mixture with brewers yeast slurry (CYS) replaced the maize. Five approximately 9-week old crossbred (Chinchilla X California X New Zealand White) rabbits which averaged 930g livewight, were allocated to each diet and fed individually for 70days. The rabbits were then slaughtered and their dressed carcasses and organs weighed. At 70days of feeding, the average livewighed of rabbits fed MC, CR and CYS were 2120g, 2026g and 2098g respectively. Average daily feed intake, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were 66.80g, 64.92g and 60.70g, 15.65g and 16.29g and 3.92g and 4.15 and 3.64 for the respective diets. Warm dressing % and organ weight as percent of empty carcass weight did not differ significantly (P >0.05) among the diet. Kidney fat weight was lower (P <0.05) for CYS than for MC and CR. Replacement of maize with CR in the diet lowered (P < 0.05) rabbit performance while that with CYS allowed for more efficient utilization of the diet, and for leaner carcasses of rabbits

scholarly journals Effect of Diet on Replacement Beef Heifer Growth and Reproductive Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Janice G. P. Bowman ◽  
Bok F. Sowell
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Roller Mill ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Beef Heifer ◽  
Daily Gain

One hundred-one crossbred beef heifers (average weight 256.1 kg) were used to evaluate the effects of diet during an 84-day period, on growth and reproductive performance. The four treatments were: 1) grass hay; 2) grass hay + 0.9 kg/day barley; 3) grass hay + 1.8 kg/day barley; and 4) alfalfa hay. Heifers were assigned randomly to 12 pens by weight (three pens/treatment). Prior to feeding, barley was cracked through a roller-mill. Heifers consuming alfalfa hay or grass hay + 1.8 kg barley gained 39% faster (0.68 and 0.74 kg/day, respectively; P = 0.01) than heifers consuming grass hay alone (0.51 kg/day). Heifers consuming grass hay + 0.9 kg barley were intermediate in average daily gain (ADG; 0.63 kg/day). Hay intake was 16% greater (P < 0.10) by heifers consuming alfalfa hay, grass hay, and grass hay + 0.9 kg barley compared with those consuming grass hay + 1.8 kg barley (average 8.1 vs 7.0 kg/day). Using costs (USD) of $0.066/kg, $0.099/kg, and $0.0935/kg for grass hay, alfalfa hay, and barley, respectively, feed cost/day was greatest (P < 0.01) for alfalfa hay ($0.81/day), intermediate for the grass hay + barley diets (average $0.63/day), and lowest for grass hay ($0.53/day). Cost/kg gain was less (P < 0.10) for grass hay + 1.8 kg barley compared with alfalfa hay. No diet differences (P > 0.70) were found in reproductive performance of the heifers. Feeding replacement heifers alfalfa hay resulted in performance equivalent to feeding grass hay + 1.8 kg barley, but the alfalfa hay diet had a higher cost.

Growth performance and carcass traits of Large White, Mukota and Large White ✕ Mukota F1crosses given graded levels of maize cob meal

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Kanengoni ◽  
K. Dzama ◽  
M. Chimonyo ◽  
J. Kusina ◽  
S. M. Maswaure
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Maize Cob ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Daily Gain

AbstractA study was conducted to compare the performance of Mukota, Large White (LW) and LW ✕ Mukota F1pigs given increasing levels of maize cob meal. Sixteen female weaners of each genotype were given, ad libitum, diets containing 0, 100, 200 and 300 g maize cob meal per kg of diet for 14 weeks. The diets were designed to contain similar levels of protein (ca. 160 g crude protein per kg) and energy (ca. 9 MJ metabolizable energy per kg). Average daily food intake per unit metabolic body weight (ADFI per kg M0·75), average daily gain (ADG) and food conversion ratio (FCR) were determined. The pigs were slaughtered and cold dressed mass (CDM) and backfat thickness were determined for each pig. The ADFI per kg M0·75was similar among the four diets for the three genotypes. The rate of decline in ADG was higher (P < 0·05) in the LW than in the other two genotypes. The FCR in the Mukota was poorer (P < 0·05) than that in the LW and the F1crosses. The Mukota had the highest (P < 0·05) backfat thickness (K5 and K7·5) values of the three genotypes across the four diets, followed by the F1crosses. The CDM values for the LW and the F1crosses were similar and were higher (P < 0·05) than those for the Mukota. The findings indicate that F1crosses and the Mukota were better able to utilize diets containing high levels of maize cob meal than LW pigs.

The effect of genotype and castration method on the eating quality characteristics of pork from male pigs

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. D’Souza ◽  
B. P. Mullan
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Taste Panel ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Large White ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Genotype A

AbstractSixty crossbred (Large White × Landrace × Duroc) pigs were used to compare the growth performance, carcass and pork quality characteristics of entire, surgically castrated and immunologically castrated male pigs from two Western Australian commercial genotypes (genotype A : ‘lean’ genotype and genotype B : propensity for increased subcutaneous fat deposition). Pigs from genotype B had a higher average daily gain and a superior food conversion ratio compared with pigs from genotype A. Entire males had lower backfat compared with surgically and immunologically castrated male pigs. Pork from entire males was drier, tougher and had lower overall acceptability scores compared with surgically or immunologically castrated male pigs. Pork from genotype A pigs had a lower m. longissimus thoracis (LT) ultimate pH and higher drip loss compared with pork from genotype B pigs. However, consumer taste panel assessment indicated that pork from genotype A pigs was more tender, had higher juiciness and overall acceptability scores compared with pork from genotype B pigs. Within genotype A, the consumer taste panel preferred pork from surgically castrated pigs compared with either entire or immunologically castrated pigs. Within genotype B, the consumer taste panel preferred pork from immunologically castrated pigs compared with either entire or surgically castrated male pigs. These results indicate that interactions between genotype and castration method can significantly influence eating quality of pork.

scholarly journals The visfatin (NAMPT; PBEF1) gene polymorphisms and associations with meat performance traits in three pig breeds kept in the Czech Republic

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zrůstová ◽  
A. Knoll ◽  
T. Urban ◽  
S. Čepica
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Large White ◽  
Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Daily Gain

Visfatin encoded by the <I>NAMPT</I> gene <I>(nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase,</I> formerly also known as <I>PBEF – pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor</I>) is suggested to play a role in lipid metabolism and pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus type 2. A new microsatellite <I>SCZ004</I> was detected within intron 9 of the <I>NAMPT</I> gene. In Czech Large White (<I>n</I> = 95) frequencies of alleles <I>282, 286, 287, 299</I>, and <I>304</I> were 0.02, 0.39, 0.07, 0.04, and 0.48, respectively. Allele <I>286</I> was predominant also in Landrace (<I>n</I> = 11) and Black Pied Prestice (<I>n</I> = 11) breeds. Association analysis was carried out between previously reported SNP AM999341:g.669T>C in intron 9 of the <I>NAMPT</I> gene and backfat thickness, average daily gain and lean meat content in Czech Large White (<I>n</I> = 215), Black Pied Prestice (<I>n</I> = 96) and Landrace (<I>n</I> = 105). The <I>CC</I> genotype was associated with higher backfat thickness (<I ≤ 0.01) in Black Pied Prestice, however in Czech Large White <I>CC</I> was associated with lower backfat thickness when compared to <I>TT</I> and <I>CT</I> genotypes (<I ≤ 0.05). In Czech Large White, <I>CC</I> genotype was associated with higher lean meat content when compared to <I>CT</I> (not significant) and <I>TT</I> genotype (<I ≤ 0.05) while in Landrace <I>CC</I> had the lowest lean meat content when compared to <I>CT</I> and <I>TT</I> genotypes but only the difference between <I>CC</I> and <I>CT</I>T was statistically significant (<I ≤ 0.05). In Black Pied Prestice no association with lean meat content was found. Average daily gain was not associated with the SNP in any breed.

scholarly journals 209 Genomic selection for multiple maternal and growth traits in large white pigs using Single-Step GBLUP

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 42-42
Author(s):  
Breno Fragomeni ◽  
Zulma Vitezica ◽  
Justine Liu ◽  
Yijian Huang ◽  
Kent Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Genomic Evaluation ◽  
Large White ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract The objective of this study was to implement a multi-trait genomic evaluation for maternal and growth traits in a swine population. Phenotypes for preweaning mortality, litter size, weaning weight, and average daily gain were available for 282K Large White pigs. The pedigree included 314k individuals, of which 35,731 were genotyped for 45K SNPs. Variance components were estimated in a multi-trait animal model without genomic information by AIREMLF90. Genomic breeding values were estimated using the genomic information by single-step GBLUP. The algorithm for proven and young (APY) was used to reduce computing time. Genetic correlation between proportion and the total number of preweaning deaths was 0.95. A strong, positive genetic correlation was also observed between weaning weight and average daily gain (r = 0.94). Conversely, the genetic correlations between mortality and growth traits were negative, with an average of -0.7. To avoid computations by expensive threshold models, preweaning mortality was transformed from a binary trait to two linear dam traits: proportion and a total number of piglets dead before weaning. Because of the high genetic correlations within groups of traits, inclusion of only one growth and one mortality trait in the model decreases computing time and allows for the inclusion of other traits. Reduction in computing time for the evaluation using APY was up to 20x, and no differences in EPD ranking were observed. The algorithm for proven and young improves the efficiency of genomic evaluation in swine without harming the quality of predictions. For this population, a binary trait of mortality can be replaced by a linear trait of the dam, resulting in a similar ranking for the selection candidates.

scholarly journals Porcine perilipin (PLIN) gene: Structure, polymorphism and association study in Large White pigs

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Vykoukalová ◽  
A. Knoll ◽  
S. Čepica
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Association Study ◽  
Gene Structure ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Large White ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
I Gene

Perilipin, encoded by the <I>PLIN</I> gene, is a lipid droplet-associated phosphoprotein that functions as a key regulator of triacylglycerol storage and hydrolysis in adipocytes. In this study, structure and variability of the porcine <I>PLIN</I> gene were characterised. PCR fragments encompassing exons 1 to 9 and interspersed introns were sequenced and the obtained sequence was deposited in EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases (AM931171). Seven silent polymorphisms and one nonsynonymous polymorphism were detected in the coding sequence. The nonsynonymous polymorphism g.627G>A causing an amino acid substitution p.Val3Ile was found only in Meishan and Meishan × Piétrain cross. Associations were studied between loci g.4119A>G and g.7966T>C, and average daily gain (ADG), backfat thickness (BFT) or lean meat content (LMC) in 166 gilts from two herds. Due to supposed complete linkage disequilibrium between loci g.4119A>G and g.7966T>C only genotype combinations <I>AA-TT, AG-TC</I> and <I>GG-CC</I> were detected. A significant difference (<I>P</I> = 0.0290) between <I>GG-CC</I> and <I>AG-TC</I> genotype combinations for BFT in herd 2 and a suggestive difference (<I>P</I> = 0.0516) between <I>GG-CC</I> and <I>AA-TT</I> genotypes for ADG in herd 1 were detected.

Additive and heterotic breed effects in the genetic evaluation of pig sire breeds

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wolf ◽  
D. Peškovičová ◽  
E. Žáková ◽  
E. Groeneveld
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Large White ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
Value Estimation ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Daily Gain

AbstractThe data sets consisted of field performance data from 54 848 purebred and 16 175 crossbred animals (Czech data set, CZ) and 16 610 purebred and 9 228 crossbred animals (Slovak data set, SK). Animals from the following breeds were included: Duroc, Hampshire, Piétrain, sire line of Large White (CZ) or Yorkshire (SK), Czech Meat pig (CZ) or Slovak Meat pig (SK), Belgian Landrace (SK). Two-trait animal models were calculated for average daily gain from birth to the end of the field test (ADG) and lean meat content (LM, only in CZ) or backfat thickness (BF, only in SK). The models included additive breed and breed heterotic effects. Piétrain was the breed with the highest LM and the lowest BF. The additive genetic breed effect was about 1·5% LM (CZ) in comparison with Large White or −0·4 mm BF (SK) in comparison to Yorkshire. The sire line of Large White (CZ) or the Yorkshire breed (SK) clearly exceeded all the remaining sire breeds in ADG (on average by 30 to 50 g/day). There was a clear tendency to negative heterosis in LM in all crossbred combinations (CZ). In BF, heterotic effects between −0·2 mm and +0·3 mm were estimated, mostly not being significant (SK). The estimates of the heterotic effects for ADG were positive throughout. Higher values up to 40 g/day (7%) were observed in the Czech data set. Though heterotic breed effects are of some importance especially for ADG, their inclusion in the equations for breeding value estimation will have only a minor impact on the predicted breeding values.

Influence of early weaning on the behavioural patterns and growth performance in large white Yorkshire (LWY) piglets

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sravanthi ◽  
D. Suresh Babu ◽  
A. Anitha ◽  
P. Asha Latha
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Large White ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Group 1

The behavioural pattern and growth performance of three groups of LWY piglets weaned at different ages was studied for six months. The first, second and third groups were weaned at 25, 40 and 56 days, respectively. The playing and huddling behavior was more in group 1 piglets. While fighting, standing, locomotion and tail biting behavior was more in group 2 piglets. Whereas the lying behavior was more in group 3 piglets. There was a significant difference (P is less than 0.01) among the three groups of piglets for all behavioral patterns. The post weaning weight (kg) gains reached 56.63 ± 0.41, 65.03 ± 0.36 and 63.09 ± 0.38 Kg for group 1, group 2 and group 3 respectively, at the end of study period. A significant difference (P is less than 0.01) was observed among the three groups for all the fortnightly interval body weights. The mean average daily gain for group 1, 2 and 3 was 0.33, 0.38 and 0.36 respectively. Significant difference (P is less than 0.01) had been observed between the groups for average daily gain. The present study had suggested that early weaning at 40days age was more advantageous than 25 days age and conventional 56days weaning age.

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