scholarly journals RESPONSE OF WEANER-GROWER PIGS TO DIETS CONTAINING SUN-DRIED MIXTURES OF BREWERS YEAST SLURRY WITH MAIZE GRAIN AND CASSAVA ROOT MEAL.

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
S. A. IKURIOR ◽  
F. G. KAANKUKA ◽  
S. I. DAVID
Keyword(s):  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Brewers Yeast ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Cassava Root Meal ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Crossbred Pigs ◽  
Weaner Pigs

Brewers yeast slurry (BYS) was mixed with  ground maize grain (GMG) at 1:1 and 1:1.5 ratios W/W and with cassava root meal (CRM) at 1:1 ratio w/w and were sun-dried to moisture contents of 10% or less within 48 hr. Two separate feeding trials were conducted to determine performance of weaner-grower pigs fed diets containing the BYS mixtures. In the first trial, 3 diets were formulated; the maize-based control (GMG 1), and those containing mixtures of GMG and BYS at 1.5:1 (MYS2) and 1:1 (MYS3) ratios w/w. Three-way crossbred weaner pigs of Large White, Landrace and Hampshire breeds averaging 11.78kg liveweight and approximately 8 wk old were allocated in groups of 4 and fed each of the 3 test diets in two replicates, for 35 days. Performance data showed that ADG, ADF, Feed conversion ratio and feed cost/kg liveweight gain (N) were 0.43, 0.42, 0.40 kg; 1.03, 0.95, 0.96 kg; 2.59, 2.35, 2.39 and 17.28, 14.78, 14.11 for CMG1, MYS2, MYS3, respectively. In the second 35-day feeding trial, approximately 14 wk old three-way crossbred pigs similar to the above, and averaging 25.60 kg liveweight were fed diets based on maize grain (MSB), cassava root meal alone (CRM), or CRM mixed with BYS (CYS). ADG, ADF, FCR ratio and feed cost/kg liveweight gain (N) for MSB, CRM, CYS were 0.58, 0.56, 0.66 kg; 1.63, 1.60, 1.71 kg; 2.84, 3.07, 2.62 and 16.68, 13.42, 9.46, respectively. The inclusion of BYS in diets reduced their cost and improved feed utilization with consequent reduced cost of weaner-grower pig liveweight gain.

REPLACEMENT OF MAIZE WITH CASSAVA ROOT MEAL EITHER ALONE OR MIXED WITH BREWERS YEAST SLURRY IN DIETS FOR GROWING-FINISHING PIGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-163
Author(s):  
S. A. Ikurior ◽  
G. O. Achadu
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Large White ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Brewers Yeast ◽  
Cassava Root Meal ◽  
Period Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

Twenty four (24) crossbred grower pigs of Large White, Landrace, Hampshire and Duroc breeds, which averaged 43.96kg liveweight, were allocated in groups of4 pigs and two replicates, to each of 3 diets. Diet I was a maize-based control while in diets II and III, cassava root meal (CRM) solely, or its mixture with brewers yeast slurry (CRM-BYS) replaced all of the maize in the control. The pigs were group - housed in concrete floor pens where they were fed the test diets to appetite, and had water ad libitum over a 30-day period. Performance parameters were measured during this period, and at the end of it, 4 pigs from each treatment were slaughtered and their carcasses characterized. Average daily feed (ADF), average daily gain (ADG), feed/gain ratio for diets I, II and III were 2.08, 2.07, and 2.01 kg; 0.63, 0.60 and 0.64 kg; 331, 3.48 and 3.15 respectively. The differences were not significant (P >.05). Feed cost/kg liveweight gain was significantly (P< .05) reduced from N19.43 to N14.65 and N11.28 when dietary maize was replaced by CRM and CRM/BYS respectively. Linear and jointed carcass measures, and organ weight did not differ significantly (P>.05) in the different diets. These data show a net advantage of replacing dietary maize with cassava root meal or its mixture with brewers yeast slurry for growing-finishing pigs under the defined conditions.

scholarly journals REPLACING MAIZE WITH CASSAVA ROOT MEAL OR ITS MIXTURE WITH BREWERS YEAST SLURRY IN RABBIT DIETS

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
S. A. IKURIOR ◽  
J. D. AKEM
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Brewers Yeast ◽  
Cassava Root Meal ◽  
Daily Gain

Three diets were evaluated for their effect on performance, carcass yield and organ measurements of finisher rabbits. The control was maize-based (MC) while, in the other two diets, cassava root meal (CR) or its mixture with brewers yeast slurry (CYS) replaced the maize. Five approximately 9-week old crossbred (Chinchilla X California X New Zealand White) rabbits which averaged 930g livewight, were allocated to each diet and fed individually for 70days. The rabbits were then slaughtered and their dressed carcasses and organs weighed. At 70days of feeding, the average livewighed of rabbits fed MC, CR and CYS were 2120g, 2026g and 2098g respectively. Average daily feed intake, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were 66.80g, 64.92g and 60.70g, 15.65g and 16.29g and 3.92g and 4.15 and 3.64 for the respective diets. Warm dressing % and organ weight as percent of empty carcass weight did not differ significantly (P >0.05) among the diet. Kidney fat weight was lower (P <0.05) for CYS than for MC and CR. Replacement of maize with CR in the diet lowered (P < 0.05) rabbit performance while that with CYS allowed for more efficient utilization of the diet, and for leaner carcasses of rabbits

Effect of xylanase supplementation of wheat-based liquid diets, for weaner pigs, steeped for 1 or 24 h before feeding

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie A. l'Anson ◽  
Mingan Choct ◽  
Peter H. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Available Lysine ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Weaner Pigs ◽  
Entire Male

Seventy-two individually housed, entire male (Large White × Landrace) weaner pigs (28 days; 7.4 ± 0.4 kg) were used in a 26-day feeding trial. The pigs were allocated to one of six treatments in a 3 by 2 factorial design. The factors were (1) steeping duration of liquid feed [0 (dry control diet), 1 or 24 h], and (2) enzyme supplementation (0 or 300 ppm xylanase). The basal diet was wheat-based (65%) and was formulated to be marginally adequate for pigs of this age, containing 14.5 MJ digestible energy (DE)/kg and 0.85 g available lysine/MJ DE. Feeding pigs liquid diets steeped for 1 h increased feed intake (61 g/day; s.e.d. 17; P < 0.05) and daily gain (70 g/day; s.e.d. 17; P < 0.05) and improved feed conversion ratio (1.16 versus 1.22; s.e.d. 0.03; P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed dry diets. Performance was not further improved by steeping for 24 h. The addition of xylanase to the diets had no positive effect on any of the performance measures and was associated with a significant (40 g/day; s.e.d. 14; P < 0.05) reduction in feed intake. These results provide no support for supplementing liquid diets for weaner pig diets with xylanase.

scholarly journals The Replacement Value of Brewers Yeast Slurry-Maize Offal Mixture for Full fat Soybeans and Maize in the Diets of Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
G. O. Achadu ◽  
F. O. I. Anugwu ◽  
F. G. Kaankuka
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Brewers Yeast ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Sixteen crossbred pigs (Large Whie x Landrace x Hamoshire) were used in two feeding trials to evaluate the replacement value of brewers yeast slurry-maize offal mixture (BYS-MO) for full fat soybean (FFSB) and maize in the diets of pigs, and in addition to determine carcass characteristics in experiment 2. In experiment 1 four isocaloric (3250 Kcal/kg) and isonitrogenous (18% crude protein maize - full - fat soybean based diets containing 0, 22.75, 40 and 59.15% of a 1.5: 1 (weight/weight) mixture of BYS_MO were fed ad libitum for 30 days. Parameters concluded included daily feed intake, daily weight gain, feed to gain ratio, protein efficiency ratio, cost per kg weight gain, linear and jointed carcass parameters and weights of internal organs. Due to the high protein content (44.3% of CP) of BYS, the BYS_MO mixture gave a product whose protein content of 34.3% was close to that of FFSB (36.4% CP). There were no significant differences (P>0.05) among treatments in all the parameters measured. However, the cost of feed was lower for the diets containing BYS-MO than the control diets in both experiments, thereby reducing the cost per kg weight gain from #129.20 to #96.20, #84.00 and #43.50 respectively for diets i, ii, iii and iv in experiment 1 and from #133.37 to #116.38, #109.77 and #108.06 respectively for diets i, ii, iii and iv in experiment 2. The 1.5:1 (weight/weight) brewers yeast slurry-maize offal mixtutre can replace up to 40 to 59% of maize and full fat soybeans in diets for weaner-grower pigs and finishing pigs withoutv any adverse effects on performance and carcass quality.

Growth and gastric abnormalities in the growing pig resulting from diets based on barley in differing physical forms

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. J. Lawrence ◽  
J. R. Thomlinson ◽  
J. C. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gastric Ph ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Group Feeding ◽  
Weaner Pigs

ABSTRACTSeventy-two Large White × (Large White × Landrace) weaner pigs in each of three experiments were scale-fed diets containing 850 g barley per kg which had been processed by either cold rolling (R) or grinding through 1-56 mm (O) or 468 mm (T) screens. In experiments 1 and 2 barley (0-868 dry matter) was used and group feeding was practised for 55 and 100 days respectively. In experiment 3 barley (0-838 dry matter) was used and individual feeding was practised for 107 days. In experiment 1 gastric pH was recorded at slaughter. In all experiments the stomachs of all pigs were examined for gross and histological abnormalities.In experiments 1 and 2 growth rates and efficiencies of feed conversion were not significantly different for pigs fed the R-, O- and T-based diets. In experiment 1 the pH in the pylorus, but not in the fundus, was significantly higher in pigs fed the O-diet compared with the T-diet, and on the T-diet compared with the R-diet. Growth rates and efficiencies of feed conversion in experiment 3 were significantly poorer in pigs fed the R-diet compared with the T-diet, and on the T-diet compared with the O-diet. In experiment 1 one pig from each of the three diets showed hyperplastic changes in the pars oesophagea of the stomach. In experiment 2 no gastric abnormalities were found, but bile staining was present in the pyloric zone of one pig fed each of the three diets. In experiment 3 hyperplastic lesions of the pars oesophagea (and bile staining) were present in 19 (14), 10 (7) and 4 (1) pigs fed diets O, T and R respectively.

Effects of dietary xylanase and liquid feeding on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of weaner pigs fed diets high in millrun (wheat by-product)

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie A. l'Anson ◽  
Mingan Choct ◽  
Peter H. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Liquid Feeding ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Weaner Pigs

The viability of including millrun (a byproduct of wheat milling) in diets for weaned pigs was assessed in two 26-day feeding experiments, the first using 48 and the second 128 individually housed, entire male pigs (Large White × Landrace) weaned at 28 days (average weight 7.4 kg). In Experiment 1, millrun included in iso-energy, iso-lysine diets at 0, 12.5, 25, 37.5, and 50% had no effect on performance or digestibility. Therefore, in Experiment 2, pigs received diets containing 50% millrun in a 2 × 4 factorial design. The two factors were: (1) feed form (dry or liquid) and (2) enzyme supplementation (0 or 300 μg/g of a xylanase primarily targeting soluble non-starch polysaccharide (sNSP), 400 μg/g of a xylanase targeting only insoluble NSP, or both xylanases. The inclusion of NSP-degrading enzymes had no significant effect on pig performance or diet digestibility. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved by 0.10 ± 0.02 in liquid-fed pigs (P < 0.05). Apparent digestible energy and faecal gross energy (GE) digestibility were not affected by treatment, but ileal GE and crude protein (CP) digestibility were, respectively, 9.0 ± 3.4 and 2.5 ± 0.65 percentage units higher in pigs fed liquid diets (P < 0.05). Dietary treatment significantly affected the concentrations of sugar, starch, total NSP, and sNSP in digesta from different segments of the gut, without affecting pig performance. In conclusion, weaner pigs can be fed appropriately formulated diets containing 50% millrun without loss of performance. The FCR and CP digestibility were improved by liquid feeding, but not by the addition of NSP-degrading enzymes.

Effect of feed processing and enzyme supplementation on diet digestibility and performance of male weaner pigs fed wheat-based diets in dry or liquid form

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie A. l'Anson ◽  
Mingan Choct ◽  
Peter H. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Large White ◽  
Feed Processing ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Weaner Pigs

One hundred and forty-four individually housed, entire male (Large White × Landrace) weaner pigs (28 days; 7.3 s.d. 0.1 kg) were individually housed and allocated to a 26-day feeding trial of 2 by 2 by 3 factorial design. The factors were (1) feed processing method (meal or steam pelleted), (2) feed form (dry or liquid), and (3) enzyme addition (basal diet, or basal diet plus 300 ppm xylanase or 100 ppm phytase). Five days post weaning, two pigs were removed from each treatment. The basal diet was formulated to be marginally adequate for pigs of this age, providing 13.8 MJ digestible energy (DE)/kg DM and 0.79 g available lysine/MJ DE. The diet contained 0.81% Ca, 0.44% non-phytate-P and 0.31% phytate-P. Compared with pigs fed dry diets, pigs fed liquid diets consumed less feed (70 ± 14.2 g/day; P < 0.05) had a lower daily gain (49 ± 12.5 g/day; P < 0.05) and as a consequence had a lower 26-day weight (1.1 ± 0.4 kg; P < 0.05). However, pigs fed liquid diets had a better feed conversion efficiency (adjusted to the same DM content as dry feed) than pigs on dry diets (1.16 versus 1.20 ± 0.02; P < 0.05). Steam pelleting the diets had no effect on feed intake or daily gain, but did improve feed conversion ratio (1.14 versus 1.22 ± 0.02; P < 0.05). The poorer growth on liquid feeds appeared to result from the feeding method imposing a degree of restriction on feed intake. Xylanase or phytase supplementation did not significantly affect non-starch polysaccharide levels in the diets or growth performance. Phytase supplementation increased (P < 0.05) daily intake, daily gain and 26-day weight, of pigs fed dry diets, but not those fed liquid diets. The results indicated that when diets were fed in liquid form, prior steam pelleting of the diets and enzyme supplementation did not provide additional benefit.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF GROWING PULLETS FED CASSAVA ROOT-BASED DIETS

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
A. S. OYEGUNWA ◽  
A. A. MAKO ◽  
R. O. ETTU
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cassava Root Meal ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Lowered Body

A 13-week study was carried out to investigate the potentials of peeled and unpeeled cassava roots as a substitute for maize in layers ration. Unpeeled cassava root meal was used at 3 levels of inclusion (25%, 50% and 100%) while the peeled cassava meal was used only at 25% level of inclusion in the diet. A total of 140 black harco pullets were randomly allotted to 5 experimental diets in line with cassava root meal inclusion as diet 1 (control diet without cassava root), diet 2 (25% unpeeled cassava root meal), diet 3 (50% unpeeled cassava root meal), diet 4 (100% unpeeled cassava root meal) and diet 5 (25% peeled cassava root meal). The study lasted for 13 weeks. No significant difference (p<0.05) were observed in the values obtained across the treatment groups for feed intake. Birds that were fed with 100% unpeeled cassava meal (diet 4) had significantly lowered body weight gain when compared with birds that were fed with diets 1, 2, 3 and 5 which had similar values. No significant difference was observed in the feed conversion ratio of birds fed with diets 1,2,3 and 5 but these values were significantly lower that the value for diet 4. Other performance indices like age at first egg and hen day production at 24 weeks were not affected by cassava root meal inclusion in the diets. The cost of producing feed using cassava root meal was however cheaper than maize based diet.

scholarly journals Replacement value of unpeeled cassava rootmeal (UCRM ) for maize in weaner rabbit diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
S. O. Omoikhoje ◽  
A. M. Bamgbose ◽  
M. B. Aruna
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Cassava Root Meal ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Cost

Twenty four mixed breed (New Zealand x Chinchila) rabbits aged six weeks with average initial weight of 560g were used to examine the effect of replacing maize with unpeeled cassava root meal (UCRM) on the performance, organoleptic properties and economy of rabbit production. The rabbits were divided into four groups and assigned to four treatment diets formulated with 0, 10, 20 and 30% UCRM respectively. Average live weight and weight gain were significantly (P<0.05) improved by the increasing levels of URCM, but feed intake, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were not significantly (P>0.05) affected. All the organoleptic properties were not affected significantly (P>0.05) by the dietary treatments. However, the increasing levels of UCRM reduced the cost per kg feed, seed cost per kg weight gain and cost of production of rabbits to matured weight. Therefore, the utilization of unpeeled cassava root meal us replacement for maize up to 30% level is profitable and feasible in rabbit diets formulation. 

scholarly journals Bio-Economics Of Feeding Cassava Root Meal Based Diets to Broiler Finisher Chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
E. E. Nsa ◽  
O. A. Ukoha ◽  
C. A. Agida
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Cassava Root Meal

A study was conducted to investigate the bio-economics of feeding broiler chickens graded levels of cassava root meal based diets, as replacement for maize at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% to form treatment diets T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 and T5 respectively, with adjustment in soybean levels across the treatment diets to have iso-nitrogenous diets. Two hundred and forty- 4 weeks old 'Amos' strain broiler chicks were in a completely randomized design allotted randomly to five treatment groups of 48 birds each and of three replicates with each replicate having 16 birds. Parameters measured included weight gain, feed intake, feed gain ratio, price per kg of feed, price per kg of broiler and weight of carcass cuts. Data were analyzed using analysis of variances. Daily weight gain for T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 and T5 were 41.16g/b/d, 39.43, 33.47, 25.25 and 16.91 g/b/d, respectively while, daily feed intake for T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 and T5 were 113.35g, 112.75, 102.31, 93.34 and 85.94g, respectively. Results showed weight gain feed intake and feed Conversion ratio values to be significantly (P<0.05) depressed as the level of replacement of maize with cassava root meal exceeded 25%. Among the carcass parameters, only the dressed carcass (%) and thigh (%) weight values showed significant (P<0.05) decrease as the level of replacement level of maize with cassava root meal exceeded 25% while, spleen (%) and liver (%) values showed progressive increase (P<0.05) in weight as the level of cassava root meal increased in the diets. Cost of feed decreased (p<0.05) significantly with the increasing level of cassava root meal. However, it did not translate to increase in price per kg of bird. It could therefore be suggested that cassava root meal should not exceed 25% as replacement for maize in broiler finisher diets, as beyond this level growth performance is adversely impaired.

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