THE EFFECT OF AGE OF BIRD ON SHELL QUALITY AND COMPONENT YIELD OF EGGS

The effect of age of birds on shell quality and yield components of egg was studies. The birds’ egg were 25, 30, 58 or 78 weeks. The egg’ weight increased by 9.92%, 26.43% and 31.46% for birds at 30, 58 and 78 weeks, respectively. While the shell weight was found to increase by 15.10%, 34.55 and 30.44% for birds at 30.58 and 78weeks, respectively. The yolk and albumen weights were found to increase by 4.05%, 11.39%, 44.72%, 18.06% and 44.72%, 24.41% for hens at 30, 58 and 78 weeks old respectively. The yolk albumen ratio was highest (0.478± 0.12) with egg laid by 58 increase in the age of birds

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COMPARISON OF SEVERAL EGGSHELL CHARACTERISTICS WITH IMPACT RESISTANCE

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas76-035 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 299-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

PETER W. VOISEY ◽

J. R. HUNT

Keyword(s):

Unit Area ◽

Impact Resistance ◽

Direct Determination ◽

Shell Weight ◽

Egg Weight ◽

Shell Quality ◽

Precise Prediction ◽

Prediction Techniques ◽

Non Destructive

Precise measurements of eggshell resistance to impact fracture were compared with 11 other measurements used to predict shell quality. Shell weight per unit area provided the best prediction, whereas Beta backscatter readings and egg weight were not useful indices of shell strength. Shell deformation and egg specific gravity appeared to be useful non-destructive prediction techniques. However, none of the characteristics, singly or in combination, provided a precise prediction of resistance to impact. It was concluded that only direct determination of the force to break the shell had the potential to precisely measure shell resistance to damage. The force required to fracture eggs under impact was higher than under quasistatic compression. This confirmed that the shell material is strain–rate sensitive.

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Effect Of Length Of Lay Of Nigeria Indigenous Chickens On Their Egg Composition And Shell Quality

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v19i.2086 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 95-100

Author(s):

V. E. Olori ◽

E. B. Sonaiya

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Shell Thickness ◽

Egg Size ◽

Shape Index ◽

Shell Weight ◽

Egg Weight ◽

Shell Quality ◽

Egg Shape ◽

Egg Composition ◽

Whole Egg

Three hundred and thirty eggs collected from the second to the seventh month of production, from a flock of the Nigeria indigenous (NI) chickens, were analysed to determine the effect of the length of lay on egg composition and shell quality. The weights of the whole egg and its components as well as shell thickness were measured monthly while the proportion of the various components; egg shape index, shell density and shell weight per surface area were calculated. The results showed that egg weight, albumen weight and % albumen increased (P<0.05) with length of lay by 2.6g, 3.5g, 3.5g and 5.6% respectively between 2nd and 7th months. The change in the weight of the yolk, shell and egg shape index was not significant (P>0.05) between the 2nd and 7th months while % yolk, % shell, shell thickness and the shell weight per surface area decreased (P<0.05) by 4.2%, 0.64%, 0.04mm and 0.003g respectively within the same period. Strong phenotypic correlations were observed between the weights of the whole egg and the albumen (r=0.81), shell (r=0.63) and yolk (r=0.46) and also between shell thickness and its weight per surface area (r=0.81). These results indicate that egg size increased as the NI hen advanced in lay. Eggs laid in the 6th and 7th months contained more albumen than those laid earlier and the shell thickness decreased as the hens advanced in lay thus making them more liable to breakage.

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Beyaz Yumurtacı Saf Hatlarda Yumurta Kalitesi Üzerine Yaş ve Kafes Katının Etkisi

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v7isp1.173-182.3199 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (sp1) ◽

pp. 173

Author(s):

Hasan Eleroğlu

Keyword(s):

Laying Hens ◽

White Layer ◽

Pure Line ◽

Shape Index ◽

External Quality ◽

Egg Weight ◽

Temperature And Humidity ◽

Effect Of Age ◽

Haugh Unit

In this study, the effects of coat difference and breeding age on the internal and external quality of the eggs were investigated in white laying hens in different cages. The eggs obtained from a total of one hundred fifty eggs White layer pure line hens at 24, 28, 32, 36 and 40 weeks of age that housing in individual cages in the Ankara Poultry Research Institute were used. Shape Index, egg weight (g), albumen height (mm), Roche scale, Haugh unit and shell strength (N) values were examined in 438 eggs obtained from these chickens found in these cages which are three tiers as upper, middle and bottom. In addition, temperature and humidity values in the tiers were recorded at 30-minute intervals during the study and then they were analysed. Statistically significant differences were calculated between temperature and humidity values measured in tiers. Although there was no difference between the tiers in terms of shape index and egg weight, the effect of age was significant. The effect of age and tiers difference on albumen height (mm) was insignificant. The Roche scale and shell strength (N) values were significantly influenced by the tier difference and breeding age. In general, it was concluded that the effect of the tier difference on the Haugh unit was insignificant, but the age was found to have an effect on the Haugh unit.

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ON THE PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENTS OF CHICKENS FOR EGG PRODUCTION AND HATCHABILITY

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas59-025 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 182-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

W. F. Pepper ◽

S. J. Slinger ◽

J. D. Summers ◽

G. C. Ashton

Keyword(s):

Total Phosphorus ◽

Egg Production ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Weight Maintenance ◽

Calcium Content ◽

Dicalcium Phosphate ◽

Egg Weight ◽

Shell Quality ◽

Clear Cut

An experiment was made in an attempt to determine the availability of the phosphorus in soft phosphate as compared with that in dicalcium phosphate for laying hens fed a diet of natural ingredients. A high efficiency "all-vegetable" diet containing 0.38 per cent total phosphorus and an estimated 0.11 per cent nonphytin phosphorus was fed without added phosphorus and with sufficient dicalcium phosphate or soft phosphate to supply 0.05 and 0.1 per cent phosphorus. The calcium content of all diets was kept constant at 2.4 per cent.The results indicated that the inclusion of supplementary phosphorus did not improve egg production or feed required per dozen eggs. Differences were not demonstrated in body weight maintenance, egg weight, specific gravity of the eggs, hatchability, or bone ash at the end of a 44-week period of production.The results suggest the possibility that egg weight loss after 14 days’ incubation may have been influenced by supplementary phosphorus. Evidence for this effect was not clear-cut and more work appears desirable in this connection.It is concluded that it is not possible to assay feed phosphates for laying hens with diets of natural ingredients. It would also appear that a level of 0.38 per cent total phosphorus and 0.11 per cent nonphytin phosphorus is adequate for laying hens.Supplementation of an "all-vegetable" laying diet with Vigofac did not improve egg production, feed efficiency, egg weight, egg-shell quality or hatchability.

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Effect of perches and solid sides on production, plumage and foot condition of laying hens housed in conventional cages in a naturally ventilated shed

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9960269 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 269 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

PC Glatz ◽

JL Barnett

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Food Intake ◽

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Shell Weight ◽

Shell Quality ◽

Hot Weather

The effect of modified cages on production, shell quality, feather cover and foot condition was measured in 2 Australian commercial laying strains housed in a naturally ventilated laying shed from 18 to82 weeks of age. Two cage modifications were investigated. Firstly , the inclusion of a perch within the cage, and secondly, the installation of solid sides. Compared with normal cages, installation of a perch in a cage reduced food intake (5.3%) and liveweight (4.5% at 82 weeks) and improved feather cover around the vent (feather score of 2.15 to 2.66). This was offset by a decrease in egg production (2.4%), shell weight (1.5%) and thickness (11%), an increase in cracked (53.8%) and dirty eggs (28.9%), and an increase in claw length (9.2%). Relative to control cages, the provision of solid sides in cages improved overall feather cover of hens (feather score of 2.46 to 2.67), but there was a 54.5% increase in hen mortality during a period of hot weather. Additional modifications to the cage are required to optimise the benefit of perches. Similarly, improvement in ventilation and cooling in naturally ventilated sheds are required to maximise the benefits of solid-sided cages for hens and avoid heat stress.

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Analysis of the relations between some physicalindicators of market eggs

Research in Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.17221/54/2010-rae ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (Special Issue) ◽

pp. S1-S6

Author(s):

R. Gálik ◽

Z. Poláková ◽

Š. Boďo ◽

M. Denker

Keyword(s):

Shell Thickness ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Shape Index ◽

Statistical Dependence ◽

Shell Weight ◽

Egg Weight ◽

P Values ◽

Significant Dependence ◽

Independent Variable ◽

Mutual Relations

The paper discusses the relations between some physical indicators of market eggs of laying hens housed in conventional and enriched cage batteries. The measured results were evaluated by the multiple regression dependence method. They show that in the case of both the conventional as well as the enriched cages a statistically significant dependence exists between the eggshell deflection (dependent variable) and thickness, or the force needed for the eggshell destruction (independent variable). The respective P values are given in brackets (0.002 < 0.05; 0.03 < 0.05; 1.16 × 10–10 < 0.05; 8.31 × 10–4 < 0.05); in the case of the conventional cage and enriched cage also a statistically significant dependence existed (3.81 × 10–91 < 0.05; 3.86 × 10–81; 1.27 × 10–97 < 0.05; 3.46 × 10–57 < 0.05) between the shell weight (dependent variable) and shell thickness, or egg weight (independent variable); in the conventional cage, statistical dependence also occurred between the eggshell weight and egg shape index, (1.07 × 10–6 < 0.05), in the enriched cage this was on the verge of statistical significance (0.062 > 0.05); if in the conventional cage the eggshell thickness was increased by 1 mm, the shell deflection decreased by 0.08 mm,and if the force necessary for the eggshell destruction was increased by 1 N, the shell deflection decreased by 0.0003 mm; if in the conventional cage the shell thickness was increased by 1 mm, the shell weight increasee by 15.509 g and if the egg weight was increased by 1 g, the shell weight increased by 0.061 g. Our work brings further knowledge concerning the monitored characteristics and their mutual relations.

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Effect of Age of Hen, Egg Weight, and Sex on Chick Performance and Lipid Retention

Poultry Science ◽

10.3382/ps.0702411 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 70 (12) ◽

pp. 2411-2418 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

LINDA S. TUFFT ◽

LEO S. JENSEN

Keyword(s):

Egg Weight ◽

Effect Of Age ◽

Hen Egg

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Estimation of Shell Weight and Shell Thickness from Egg Specific Gravity and Egg Weight

Poultry Science ◽

10.3382/ps.0611991 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 61 (10) ◽

pp. 1991-1995 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

JON O. NORDSTROM ◽

L.E. OUSTERHOUT

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Shell Thickness ◽

Shell Weight ◽

Egg Weight

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Quality of eggs from pasture rearing layers of different genotypes

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah2002181s ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 181-190

Author(s):

Zdenka Skrbic ◽

Milos Lukic ◽

Veselin Petricevic ◽

Snezana Bogosavljevic-Boskovic ◽

Simeon Rakonjac ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shell Thickness ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Egg Yolk ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Shape Index ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Egg Weight ◽

Naked Neck ◽

Quality Properties ◽

Shell Quality

The comparison of physical quality properties of table eggs of commercial hybrid Tetra SL and two native indigenous breeds of hens, Banat Naked Neck and Svrljig hen, was performed in conditions of alternative production in the pasture system in portable cages without the floor. The experiment was conducted during the vegetation period, at the age of hens of 53-57 weeks. In order to produce good quality eggs, the diet was designed with a complete mixture based on maize and soybean. In addition, constant availability of pastures was ensured. Egg sampling was performed in the morning and the initial egg quality was examined based on egg weight, shape index, egg white, egg yolk and shell quality parameters. Layer hens of the commercial hybrid Tetra SL had significantly higher egg weight and better internal egg quality (p<0.01) compared to hens of Banat Naked Neck and Svrljig hens, except for the colour of the yolk, which was more intense in the same feeding and breeding conditions and the age of laying hens, in eggs of native breeds (p<0.01). Native breeds in relation to the commercial hybrid had lighter shell colour (p<0.01). Deformation and egg shell thickness differed (p<0.01) between all three genotypes. The determined rank of layer hen genotypes for shell thickness was: Tetra SL, Banat Naked Neck, Svrljig hen. However, the breaking force was without statistically confirmed difference between hen genotypes.

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The Response of Layer Hen Productivity and Egg Quality to an Additional Limestone Source when Offered Diets Differing in Calcium Concentrations and the Inclusion of Phytase

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11102991 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2991

Author(s):

Isabelle Ruhnke ◽

Yeasmin Akter ◽

Terence Zimazile Sibanda ◽

Aaron J. Cowieson ◽

Stuart Wilkinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Shell Weight ◽

Shell Quality ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Egg Shell ◽

The Impact

Laying hens require substantial quantities of calcium (Ca) to maintain egg production. However, maintaining recommended dietary Ca through inclusion of limestone may impede nutrient digestibility, including that of other minerals. It was hypothesized that providing a separate source of dietary Ca in the form of limestone grit would preserve Ca intake of hens offered diets containing suboptimal Ca concentrations. Furthermore, the impact of dietary phytase at a “superdosing” inclusion rate on the voluntary consumption of limestone grit was evaluated. One hundred and forty-four laying hens (19 weeks of age) were assigned to one of six dietary treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement comprising three dietary Ca concentrations (40, 30, and 20 g/kg) and ±dietary phytase (3500 FYT/kg diet) on an ad libitum basis for six weeks. Limestone grit (3.4 ± 1.0 mm) was provided to all hens ad libitum. Hens offered diets containing phytase consumed significantly less limestone grit p = 0.024). Egg weight, rate of lay, and egg mass were unaffected by dietary treatment (p > 0.05). Egg shell weight % (p < 0.001), shell thickness (p < 0.001), and shell breaking strength (p < 0.01) decreased in line with dietary Ca levels. In summary, dietary superdosing with phytase reduced the consumption of a separate limestone source in individually housed, early lay ISA Brown hens. Egg shell quality variables but not egg production worsened in line with lower dietary Ca levels.

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