scholarly journals Effects of dietary copper supplementation on serum and biochemical and histopathology of pubertal boars

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
O. A. Adu ◽  
G. N. Egbunike
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
White Male ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Large White ◽  
Dietary Copper ◽  
Copper Supplementation ◽  
Mucosal Erosion ◽  
Kidney Liver

The effects of dietary copper on some biochemistry and histopathology of organs of pubertal pigs were assessed using 32 large white male weanling pigs of 8-9 weeks of age in a 6-months feeding trial. The animals were randomly assigned to four diets containing 0, 100, 200 and 300ppm Cu/kg as the control diet (diet 1), diets 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The feeding trial was divided into 3 growth phases (weanling, pre-pubertal and pubertal) corresponding to 8, 18 and 24 weeks of life respectively. At the end of the feeding trial, all the animals were sacrificed by stunning, bled, decapacitated followed by blood collection and careful evisceration to obtain the kidney, liver, spleen and testes and samples of the small intestine. Selected organs and tissues collected from sacrificed animals were processed for histology. Results showed that dietary copper did not significantly (P>0.05) influence the blood serum biochemical composition and the histomorphology of the organs and tissues examined. The boars exposed to the diet containing the highest copper supplementation (diet 4) did not have severe splenic atrophy and/or lymphoid depletion, liver necrosis and/or lesions, intestinal mucosal erosion and testicular necrosis and/or sertoli cells degeneration as compared to those fed the control. There was no intestinal mucosal erosion with increased dietary copper in this study because the maximum level of copper that was used in this study was not above 500ppm; hence all the tissues studied did not show degeneration of any form.     

Effects of dietary copper supplementation on performance, egg quality parameters, yolk cholesterol and fatty acid profiles in laying hens

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kaya ◽  
A. Kaya ◽  
M. Macit ◽  
S. Çelebi ◽  
Ö. Kaynar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Dietary Copper ◽  
Copper Supplementation ◽  
Yolk Cholesterol

The present study envisaged the effects of different levels of dietary copper supplementation on performance, egg quality parameters, serum and yolk cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and yolk fatty acid profile in laying hens. Total 96 Lohman laying hens (38 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups (n=24 each). Experimental diets were prepared by adding copper (0, 200, 250 or 300 mg/kg) to basal diet and feeding was lasted 12 weeks. Dietary copper supplementation decreased egg weight and feed intake but did not affect other performance parameters compared to the control diet. Shape index, shell weight, shell thickness, yolk color, yolk index, albumen index, and haugh unit were not influenced by dietary copper supplementation, whereas shell strength increased due to the inclusion of copper in the basal diet. Copper supplementation did not affect the fatty acid profile of the egg yolk. The yolk cholesterol ratio decreased by 7.22% in the presence of 250 mg/kg copper supplementation compared to control diet. Therefore, high levels of dietary copper supplementation in the diet of laying hens can be beneficial for improving shell strength and reducing the cholesterol content of the yolk.

Effect of dietary copper levels on the growth performance and nutrient utilization in fattening pigs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seidu Adams ◽  
Meng Hongjiao ◽  
Dongsheng Che ◽  
Jiang Hailong ◽  
Han Rui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Copper Metabolism ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Copper Deposition ◽  
Large White ◽  
Dietary Copper ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Copper Supplementation ◽  
Fattening Pigs

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary copper supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and copper metabolism in fattening pigs. A total of 24 pigs (Landrace X Large White X Duroc) with an average initial BW of 30±1.05 kg, the pigs were divided into four treatment groups, with three replicates per treatment and two pigs per replicate, in accordance with a completely randomized design based on the BW. The results indicated that dietary copper supplementation increased the growth performance, CP and EE digestibility. However, there was no significant increase in the DM and OM digestibility. In addition, copper deposition increased with the increase in dietary copper supplementation, while copper absorption, increased with the decrease in dietary copper levels. In conclusion, fattening pigs with 30-60 kg BW can utilize 45-135 mg/kg Cu and porkers at BW of 60-120 kg can also utilize 10-45 mg/kg Cu as CuSO4 for an increased copper utilization and a decreased in copper deposition.

scholarly journals Assessing the Hematology and Serum Biomarkers of Broiler Birds Fed Graded Levels of Kapok (Bombax costatum)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
H. B. Usman ◽  
K. M. Aljameel ◽  
B. M. Musa ◽  
S. Ibrahim ◽  
I. Bata
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Serum Chemistry ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Normal Ranges

The study was conducted on broiler chickens to investigate the effects of graded levels of kapok seed meal fed on performance. A total of 288 broiler chickens were used. The broiler chickens randomly divided into four treatments groups (four experimental diets) T1 (control), T2 (0.5kg/100kg), T3 (1Kg/100kg) and T4 (1.5kg/100Kg). At the end of the feeding trial (eighth week), fifteen birds (5 per replicate) from each treatment group were randomly selected for blood collection. About 2ml of blood was collected per bird. The result showed a significant variation (P<0.05) in WBC and lymphocytes. The blood parameters were within the normal ranges for broiler chickens. The result showed that birds fed control diet have higher urea compared to those in treatment 3. It was concluded that the inclusion of kapok (Bombax costatum) seed meal up to 1.5kg/100kg in the diet of broiler birds had no adverse effect as indicated by hematological and serum chemistry of the birds.

scholarly journals The Effects of Partially or Completely Substituted Dietary Zinc Sulfate by Lower Levels of Zinc Methionine on Growth Performance, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility, Immune Function, and Visceral Indices in Weaned Piglets

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhuai Xie ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Lixue Wang ◽  
Yuxi Wang ◽  
Zhenfeng Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
White Male ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Large White ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Zinc Methionine

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of replacing zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) with a lower level of zinc methionine (ZnMet) on the growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, serum metabolites and immune functions of weaned piglets. Thirty-five weaned Duroc × Landrace × Large White male piglets (10.69 ± 0.26 kg) were randomly allotted to five diets. The control diet was supplemented with 100 mg/kg of Zn from ZnSO4, and experimental diets included 75 + 12.5, 50 + 25, 25 + 37.5, and 0 + 50 mg/kg of Zn from ZnSO4 and ZnMet, respectively. The results showed that no differences were observed in growth performance, ATTD of nutrients and serum metabolites among treatments, while serum white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, IgM contents and spleen index were higher (p < 0.01) in piglets fed with 50 + 25 mg/kg of Zn. Zinc digestibility (p < 0.05), IgA content (p < 0.001) and thymus index (p < 0.05) were increased when at least 50% of ZnSO4 was replaced by ZnMet. All the results indicated that using a lower level of ZnMet in weaned piglet’s diet instead of ZnSO4 had no adverse impacts on ATTD of nutrients and serum metabolites; and a 50 + 25 mg/kg of Zn (from ZnSO4 and ZnMet, respectively) diet showed the best advantages for parameters relating to immune functions.

scholarly journals Effects of Zinc Sources and Levels on Growth Performance, Zinc Status, Expressions of Zinc Transporters, and Zinc Bioavailability in Weaned Piglets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2515
Author(s):  
Xin Ma ◽  
Mengqi Qian ◽  
Zhiren Yang ◽  
Tingting Xu ◽  
Xinyan Han
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Large White ◽  
Zinc Bioavailability ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Oral Acute Toxicity

The present study was conducted to explore the bioavailability of chitosan–zinc chelate (CS–Zn) in weaned piglets, and its characteristics of prepared and oral safety were also involved. A total of 210 crossbred weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) with a mean body weight of 6.30 kg were randomly assigned into seven dietary treatments involving a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with two Zn sources (CS–Zn and ZnSO4) and three levels of added Zn (50, 100, 150 mg Zn/kg) plus a Zn-unsupplemented control diet. The feeding trial lasted 42 days. The AFM image of CS–Zn showed a rougher appearance and smaller size particles. The changes in spectrum peaks evidenced the successful chelating of Zn2+ with chitosan. The XRD patterns revealed the formation of a new crystalline phase. Moreover, the oral acute toxicity test of CS–Zn showed no lethal effects on mice. Weaned piglets fed dietary CS–Zn showed improved weight gain and decreased diarrhea incidence. Additionally, the bioavailability of CS–Zn was higher than that of ZnSO4 in piglets. Taken together, these results indicate that the prepared CS–Zn chelate, with rough surface and crystalline phase, is non-toxic and show enhanced bioavailability.

scholarly journals Fermented Feed Modulates Meat Quality and Promotes the Growth of Longissimus Thoracis of Late-Finishing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1682
Author(s):  
Yueqin Qiu ◽  
Kebiao Li ◽  
Xichen Zhao ◽  
Shilong Liu ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
White Male ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Large White ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Fermented Feed

This study investigated the effect of fermented diet on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and growth of longissimus thoracis (LT) of finishing pigs. A total of 48 finishing pigs [Duroc × (Landrace × Large White), male, 126 ± 5-d-old] weighing 98.76 ± 1.27 kg were randomly assigned to two treatments (eight pens per treatment and three pigs per pen) for a 28-d feeding trial, including control diet and fermented diet. Fermented diet significantly increased the loin eye area and lean mass percentage, decreased backfat thickness and improved meat quality of LT by decreasing the shear force and drip loss at 48 h post slaughter and improving meat sensory characteristics compared with control diet. A fermented diet also significantly increased the abundance of insulin, insulin receptor (IR), myoblast determination protein (MyoD) and myosin heavy chain-I (MyHC-I) transcripts, and the phosphorylation levels of AKT, mTORC1, 4EBP1 and S6K1 in LT, while decreasing the expression of muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) and forkhead Box O1 (Foxo1) mRNA transcripts. Moreover, proteomic analysis revealed that differentially expressed proteins predominantly involved in protein synthesis and muscle development were modulated by fermented diet. Our results indicated that a fermented diet improved meat quality and enhanced LT growth of finishing pigs by increasing insulin/AKT/mTORC1 protein synthesis cascade and activating the Foxo1/MAFbx pathway, along with the regulation of ribosomal protein and proteins involved in muscle contraction and muscle hypertrophy.

scholarly journals Copper as Dietary Supplement for Bone Metabolism: A Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2246
Author(s):  
Mariangela Rondanelli ◽  
Milena Anna Faliva ◽  
Vittoria Infantino ◽  
Clara Gasparri ◽  
Giancarlo Iannello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Dietary Copper ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Copper Supplementation

While in vitro and animal studies of osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity as well as bone resistance for copper are numerous, and the results encouraging in terms of regulation, human studies are scarce. The aim of this narrative review was to investigate the correlation of blood copper, daily copper intake, and copper supplementation with bone mineral density. This review included 10 eligible studies: five studies concerned copper blood levels, one study concerned daily copper intake, and four studies concerned copper supplementation. Blood copper levels did not show statistically significant differences in four of the studies analyzed, while only one study showed differences between osteoporotic and healthy women, although only with women between 45 and 59 years of age and not between 60 and 80 years of age. The dietary copper intake among women with or without osteoporosis did not show any differences. Only one study with a small sample of subjects carried out these assessments; therefore, it is a topic that the literature must deepen with further studies. The two studies that analyzed the integration of copper (2.5–3 mg/day) only showed good results in terms of slowing down bone mineral loss and reducing resorption markers, confirming the effectiveness of copper supplementation on bone metabolism.

scholarly journals Quantifying the dietary potassium requirement of juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus×O. aureus)

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Yen Shiau ◽  
Jia-Fen Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Dietary Potassium ◽  
K Concentration

An 8 week feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary K requirement for juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus). Purified diets with eight levels (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10 g/kg diet) of supplemental K were fed to tilapia. Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of fish initially weighing a mean value of 0.77 (SE 0.01) g/fish in a closed, recirculating rearing system. Weight gain was higher (P<0.05) in fish fed the diets supplemented with 2, 3 and 4 g K/kg diet than in fish fed diet with 10 g K/kg diet and the unsupplemented control diet. Gill Na+-K+ ATPase activity was highest in fish fed the diets supplemented with 1–3 g K/kg diet, followed by fish fed the diet with 5 g K/kg diet and lowest in fish fed the diet with 10 g K/kg diet. Whole-body K content in fish were generally increased as the dietary K supplementation level increased. Analysis by polynomial regression of weight gain and gill Na+-K+ ATPase activity and by linear regression of whole-body K retention of the fish indicated that the adequate dietary K concentration for tilapia is about 2–3 g/kg diet.

Feeding performance of juvenile marble goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata Bleeker, 1852) fed acidified diets

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
Leong-Seng Lim ◽  
Chui-Fen Teoh ◽  
Gunzo Kawamura ◽  
Annita Seok-Kian Yong ◽  
Rossita Shapawi
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Feeding Performance ◽  
Daily Ingestion ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Ingestion Ratio ◽  
And Control

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the feeding performance of juvenile marble goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata) on acidified diets. Five fish meal-based diets at various pH levels (2.5, 3.2, 4.3, 5.3, and 6.0 (control)) were prepared, and each of them was fed to 10 wild-caught O. marmorata juveniles (body length 7.7–9.3 cm; each fish was placed in an aquarium, hence each dietary treatment was in 10 replicates) for 20 days. Throughout the feeding trial, O. marmorata juveniles showed clear increments in the daily ingestion ratio (IR) values of AD 2.5, AD 3.2, and AD 4.3. The control diet and AD 5.3 were almost totally rejected by the fish. On day 20, the IR of AD 2.5 (0.46) and AD 3.2 (0.36) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of AD 5.3 (0.1) and the control diet (0.02). In addition, 70% of fish fed AD 2.5 achieved a high IR value (0.6 – 1.0), and this was the best result among all the treatments (AD 3.2, 60%; AD 4.3 50%; AD 5.3 and control, 10%). These results suggested that acidified diets can be used to wean O. marmorata juveniles, and the recommended pH level was 2.5.

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