scholarly journals Effects of Zinc Sources and Levels on Growth Performance, Zinc Status, Expressions of Zinc Transporters, and Zinc Bioavailability in Weaned Piglets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2515
Author(s):  
Xin Ma ◽  
Mengqi Qian ◽  
Zhiren Yang ◽  
Tingting Xu ◽  
Xinyan Han
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Large White ◽  
Zinc Bioavailability ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Oral Acute Toxicity

The present study was conducted to explore the bioavailability of chitosan–zinc chelate (CS–Zn) in weaned piglets, and its characteristics of prepared and oral safety were also involved. A total of 210 crossbred weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) with a mean body weight of 6.30 kg were randomly assigned into seven dietary treatments involving a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with two Zn sources (CS–Zn and ZnSO4) and three levels of added Zn (50, 100, 150 mg Zn/kg) plus a Zn-unsupplemented control diet. The feeding trial lasted 42 days. The AFM image of CS–Zn showed a rougher appearance and smaller size particles. The changes in spectrum peaks evidenced the successful chelating of Zn2+ with chitosan. The XRD patterns revealed the formation of a new crystalline phase. Moreover, the oral acute toxicity test of CS–Zn showed no lethal effects on mice. Weaned piglets fed dietary CS–Zn showed improved weight gain and decreased diarrhea incidence. Additionally, the bioavailability of CS–Zn was higher than that of ZnSO4 in piglets. Taken together, these results indicate that the prepared CS–Zn chelate, with rough surface and crystalline phase, is non-toxic and show enhanced bioavailability.

scholarly journals Effect of replacing maize with cassava/brewers dried yeast blend (Cassayeast) on performance of broiler chicks and feed cost in southern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
B. M. Oruwari ◽  
A. O. Anibo ◽  
D. M. Nkanta
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Total Replacement ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Cost

A feeding trial using 240, day old Anak broiler chicks was conducted in which cassava meal (CM) completely replaced maize in the control diet (A) to formulate five isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets. Dried CM blended with brewers dried yeast (BDY) formed cassayeast with 2.704 parts of CM to 1 part of BDY. The (Cassayeast) CM and BDY blend in the dietary treatments, (B,C,D and E) were 30 CM + 11.1% BDY, 35 CM +12.94% BDY, 40 CM + 14.79% BDY, and 45 CM + 16.64% BDY, respectively, and these treatments had no maize. Dietary treatment A, containing maize, which served as the control had no cassayeast inclusion, thus demonstrating the total replacement of maize by cassayeast in the other dietary treatments. Results showed that significant of maize difference (P<0.5) were observed in the control and at in one cassayeast treatment in feed intake (4.43 as against 4.22kg), body weight (1.94 as against 1.65kg), efficiency of feed utilization (feed: gain ratio 2.19 as against 2.51; gain: feed ratio 0.49 as against 0.43), respectively. However, gizzard weights were not significant. Economic analysis showed that the cost of producing a bird with the maize based diet (A) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that with the cassayeast diets but there was not difference among the cassayeast diets (B-E). The maize based diet was most expensive (₦ 29.68 per kg diet) while diet C was the cheapest (₦ 25.57 per kg). The study demonstrated that the use of cassaveast has a place in the broiler industry, thus indicating that with proper protein balancing, cassava can completely replace maize in broiler diets.

Supplementing 2 g per day bovine lactoferrin from late gestation until weaning did not improve lactation performance of mixed parity sows

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Liu ◽  
Jordon Hogg ◽  
Susie Kracht ◽  
Chris J. Brewster ◽  
Dave J. Henman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Bovine Lactoferrin ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Large White ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Context Lactoferrin is a non-haem binding protein that possesses antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. A previous study showed lactoferrin supplementation from early gestation to weaning improved lactation performance in primiparous sows; however, it is unknown whether the supplementation within a more specified duration (from late gestation to weaning) can improve lactation performance in multiparous sows, which limits its commercial application. Aims This experiment investigated the effects of 2 g/day bovine lactoferrin supplementation from late gestation to weaning on lactation performance in mixed parity sows. Methods Forty-seven primiparous sows and 167 multiparous sows (up to parity 5; Large White × Landrace, PrimeGro Genetics, Corowa, NSW) were allocated to either a Control diet (2 g/day casein) or Lactoferrin supplement diet (2 g/day lactoferrin) when entering the farrowing house in late gestation (101 ± 4.6 days, mean ± s.d.) balanced by parity (2.4 ± 1.80, mean ± s.d.). Sows were housed individually in farrowing crates and fed the experimental diets until weaning (26 ± 2.5 days, mean ± s.d.). Farrowing outcomes and lactation performance were recorded. Key results Lactoferrin supplementation did not affect the number of piglets born alive, number of stillborn piglets, number of mummified fetuses, the percentage of born-light piglets (≤1.1 kg) or piglet pre-fostering survival rate. Cross-fostering within the first 48 h standardised the litter size and litter weight between dietary treatments. Piglet pre-weaning survival rate, litter weight gain, average daily gain of piglets, or coefficient of variation of piglet growth rate was not affected by lactoferrin supplementation. Daily feed intake during lactation, bodyweight and backfat thickness of sows at weaning were similar between the dietary treatments. Conclusions Two grams per day lactoferrin supplementation from late gestation to weaning did not affect lactation performance in mixed parity sows. Implications The effectiveness of lactoferrin supplementation may depend upon the duration of supplementation, which should be optimised in future studies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tannin Extracts, Leonardite and Tributyrin Supplementation on Diarrhoea Incidence and Gut Microbiota of Weaned Piglets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1693
Author(s):  
Matteo Dell’Anno ◽  
Serena Reggi ◽  
Valentina Caprarulo ◽  
Monika Hejna ◽  
Carlo Angelo Sgoifo Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Group 14 ◽  
Large White ◽  
Ctrl Group ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Individual Body

The effects of the dietary administration of a combination of Quebracho and Chestnut tannins, leonardite and tributyrin were evaluated in weaned piglets. A total of 168 weaned piglets (Landrace × Large White) were randomly allotted to two experimental groups (6 pens/group, 14 piglets/pen). Animals were fed a basal control diet (CTRL) and a treatment diet (MIX) supplemented with 0.75% tannin extracts, 0.25% leonardite and 0.20% tributyrin for 28 days. Individual body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly. Diarrhoea incidence was recorded by a faecal scoring scale (0–3; considering diarrhoea ≥ 2). At 0 and 28 days, faecal samples were obtained from four piglets/pen for microbiological and chemical analyses of faecal microbiota, which were then assessed by V3-V4 region amplification sequencing. At 28 days, blood from two piglets/pen was sampled to evaluate the serum metabolic profile. After 28 days, a reduction in diarrhoea incidence was observed in the MIX compared to CTRL group (p < 0.05). In addition, compared to CTRL, MIX showed a higher lactobacilli:coliform ratio and increased Prevotella and Fibrobacter genera presence (p < 0.01). The serum metabolic profile showed a decreased level of low-density lipoproteins in the treated group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a combination of tannin extract, leonardite and tributyrin could decrease diarrhoea incidence and modulate the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Haematological and serum biochemical indices of growing pigs fed varying levels of beniseed (Sesamum indicum L.) hull in replacement for maize.

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 18629-18643
Author(s):  
Rotimi Olajide ◽  
◽  
EK Asaniyan ◽  
BO Olusegun ◽  
SM Aro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Large White ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the nutrient content of beniseed hull (BSH) as a substitute for maize, and its effect on haematological and serum biochemical indices of growing pigs. Sixty 8-weeks old growing pigs (Landrace x Large white) were randomly allotted into five dietary treatments with three replicates of four animals per replicate in a completely randomized design. Five diets were formulated by incorporating BSH into the basal diet to replace maize at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% designated as D1 (control), D2, D3, D4 and D5, respectively and fed to growing pigs for ten weeks. Diets had no significant effect on the parameters measured, except White blood cell (WBC) and Lymphocytes. The highest WBC count (x109/L) (P < 0.05) of 23.70 was obtained in pigs fed 50% BSH-based diets compared with 15.55 (0% BSH), 14.00 (25% BSH), 21.45 (75% BSH) and 15.10 (100% BSH), respectively. The lymphocyte counts of pigs fed 25% BSH (60.00%) and 75% BSH (76.50%) were statistically similar to those on other dietary treatments. The cholesterol values recorded in pigs fed with the control diet (0% BSH) (125.00 mg/dL) and 25% BSH (122.50 mg/dL) were similar but significantly (P < 0.05) reduced to 119.50 mg/dL (50% BSH), 118.00 mg/dL(75% BSH) and 104.00 mg/dL (100% BSH), respectively, as the level of BSH increases. The High-density lipoprotein, HDL value (20.95 mg/dL) of pigs fed with control diet (0% BSH) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than HDL values of pigs placed on other diets. The total protein (g/dL) 7.08 (0% BSH), 7.11 (25% BSH), 7.00 (50% BSH) were similar (P > 0.05) but significantly (P < 0.05) higher than 6.81 (75% BSH) and 6.66 (100% BSH). Beniseed hull poses no health challenge to the growing pigs as depicted by normal haematological and serum biochemical indices including lowest cholesterol at 100% BSH; beniseed hull could safely replace maize in pig’s diets up to 100% level.

scholarly journals The Effects of Partially or Completely Substituted Dietary Zinc Sulfate by Lower Levels of Zinc Methionine on Growth Performance, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility, Immune Function, and Visceral Indices in Weaned Piglets

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhuai Xie ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Lixue Wang ◽  
Yuxi Wang ◽  
Zhenfeng Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
White Male ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Large White ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Zinc Methionine

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of replacing zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) with a lower level of zinc methionine (ZnMet) on the growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, serum metabolites and immune functions of weaned piglets. Thirty-five weaned Duroc × Landrace × Large White male piglets (10.69 ± 0.26 kg) were randomly allotted to five diets. The control diet was supplemented with 100 mg/kg of Zn from ZnSO4, and experimental diets included 75 + 12.5, 50 + 25, 25 + 37.5, and 0 + 50 mg/kg of Zn from ZnSO4 and ZnMet, respectively. The results showed that no differences were observed in growth performance, ATTD of nutrients and serum metabolites among treatments, while serum white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, IgM contents and spleen index were higher (p < 0.01) in piglets fed with 50 + 25 mg/kg of Zn. Zinc digestibility (p < 0.05), IgA content (p < 0.001) and thymus index (p < 0.05) were increased when at least 50% of ZnSO4 was replaced by ZnMet. All the results indicated that using a lower level of ZnMet in weaned piglet’s diet instead of ZnSO4 had no adverse impacts on ATTD of nutrients and serum metabolites; and a 50 + 25 mg/kg of Zn (from ZnSO4 and ZnMet, respectively) diet showed the best advantages for parameters relating to immune functions.

Reducing the lysine to energy content in the grower growth phase diet increases intramuscular fat and improves the eating quality of the longissimus thoracis muscle of gilts

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. D'Souza ◽  
D. W. Pethick ◽  
F. R. Dunshea ◽  
J. R. Pluske ◽  
B. P. Mullan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
B Value ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Large White ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Sixty-three (Large White × Landrace × Duroc) female finisher pigs were used to determine the effect of nutritional manipulations on growth performance, carcass quality and sensory pork quality. The dietary treatments were: (i) control [pigs fed a commercial grower (73–125 days of age) and finisher diet (126–163 days of age)]; (ii) 15% reduced lysine : energy diet during the grower phase followed by a commercial finisher diet; and (iii) pigs fed the control diet with no supplemented vitamin A in the mineral–vitamin premix during both the grower and finisher phases. Pigs fed the reduced lysine diet had higher (P < 0.05) intramuscular fat levels compared with pigs fed the control and the vitamin A- restricted diets. The pork from pigs fed the reduced lysine diet had a lower ultimate muscle pH, was paler (higher L*) and had a higher b* value (yellowness-blueness) compared with pork from the control pigs (all P < 0.05). Pork from pigs fed the reduced lysine diet was considered to be the most juicy and tender and have the best overall acceptability (all P < 0.05), followed by pork from pigs fed the control and vitamin A-restricted diets. In conclusion, feeding pigs a 15% reduced lysine : energy diet significantly increased intramuscular fat levels and improved the sensory quality of pork.

scholarly journals Performance and carcass characteristics of growing pigs fed varying levels of beniseed (Sesamum indicum L.) hull in replacement for maize (Zea mays LINN)

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
R. Olajide ◽  
E. K. Asaniyan ◽  
S. M. Aro ◽  
O. B. Olusegun
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Large White ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Sixty (60) grower-finisher pigs (Landrace x Large white) were used to investigate the nutritional value of beniseed hull (BSH) as substitute for maize on performance, carcass, and organs characteristics of the experimental animals. Five experimental diets were formulated by incorporating BSH into basal diet to replace maize at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%; designated as T1 (control), T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. The experimental pigs were individually weighed and assigned to five dietary treatments of three replicates of four animals each in a completely randomized design. The animals were fed for 2 weeks pre-experimental period and thereafter for ten weeks during which data were collected. Feed cost per kg live weight gain (? 668.67) of the animals fed 0% BSH significantly (P<0.05) reduced to ? 620.06 (25% BSH), ? 527.24 (50% BSH), ? 509.74 (75% BSH) and ? 456.73 (100% BSH). The bled weight, scald weight, eviscerated weight, dressing percentage, bacon, fore hock, hind hock and tail were significantly (P<0.05) affected by dietary treatments. The biggest liver weight (2.27g/kg) obtained in the animals fed the control diet (0% BSH) reduced significantly (P<0.05) to 2.20 (25% BSH), 1.91 (50% BSH), 1.76 (75% BSH) and 2.00 (100% BSH). Variations obtained in the kidney weight (0.40 g/kg) of the experimental animals fed with 25% BSH-based diets were similar (P>0.05) to 0.38 g/kg in the control (0% BSH) with both significantly (P<0.05) reduced to 0.36 (50% BSH), 0.36 (75% BSH) and 0.32 (100% BSH), respectively. Beniseed hull (BSH) poses no health challenge to the pigs used in this study. There were reductions in the cost/kg and cost of feed per kilogram live-weight gain with increasing levels of BSH in the diets, the lowest being at 100% level of substitution; beniseed hull could economically and safely replace maize in pig's diets up to 100% level.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary copper supplementation on serum and biochemical and histopathology of pubertal boars

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
O. A. Adu ◽  
G. N. Egbunike
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
White Male ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Large White ◽  
Dietary Copper ◽  
Copper Supplementation ◽  
Mucosal Erosion ◽  
Kidney Liver

The effects of dietary copper on some biochemistry and histopathology of organs of pubertal pigs were assessed using 32 large white male weanling pigs of 8-9 weeks of age in a 6-months feeding trial. The animals were randomly assigned to four diets containing 0, 100, 200 and 300ppm Cu/kg as the control diet (diet 1), diets 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The feeding trial was divided into 3 growth phases (weanling, pre-pubertal and pubertal) corresponding to 8, 18 and 24 weeks of life respectively. At the end of the feeding trial, all the animals were sacrificed by stunning, bled, decapacitated followed by blood collection and careful evisceration to obtain the kidney, liver, spleen and testes and samples of the small intestine. Selected organs and tissues collected from sacrificed animals were processed for histology. Results showed that dietary copper did not significantly (P>0.05) influence the blood serum biochemical composition and the histomorphology of the organs and tissues examined. The boars exposed to the diet containing the highest copper supplementation (diet 4) did not have severe splenic atrophy and/or lymphoid depletion, liver necrosis and/or lesions, intestinal mucosal erosion and testicular necrosis and/or sertoli cells degeneration as compared to those fed the control. There was no intestinal mucosal erosion with increased dietary copper in this study because the maximum level of copper that was used in this study was not above 500ppm; hence all the tissues studied did not show degeneration of any form.     

scholarly journals Histopathological changes in liver and kidney of sharptooth catfish fed on cooked Jatropha curcas seedmeal based diets

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-59
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Test Diet ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Introduction: Histology of the organs of fish species is important in the understanding of the pathological changes related to nutritional sources. This study evaluates the histopathological alteration in the liver and kidney of sharptooth catfish fed diets containing Jatropha curcas seedmeal in a 56-day feeding trial. Methods: Clarias gariepinus fingerlings of average weight 2.61±0.02g were acclimatized for a week, and allotted into five dietary treatments; containing 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% Jatropha curcas seedmeal replacement levels for soybean meal respectively. Each treatment was replicated three times with fifteen fish per replicate. Fish were fed 5% body weight on two equal proportions per day. Histological assessment was conducted using standard procedure. Results: There were no lesions on the photomicrographs of the kidney of fish exposed to all the dietary treatments while moderate vacuolation of the hepatocytes was observed in the liver of fish fed diet D1-control diet. There were very prominent melanomicrophage centres in the liver of Clarias gariepinus fed test diet D3 with some hepatocytes which appeared vacuolated. The trend of vacuolation of hepatocytes of the liver among some treatments were not dietary related as no visible lesions were seen in the liver of fish fed test diets D2 ; D4 and D5. Significance: This study established that Jatropha curcas based diets exert hepatoprotective effect on the liver of fish fed with the diets.

UTILIZATION OF DIETARY TOWER RAPESEED PRODUCTS BY GROWING TURKEYS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. MOODY ◽  
S. J. SLINGER ◽  
S. LEESON ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Type Condition ◽  
Large White ◽  
Significant Depression ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Four replicate groups of 22 male large white day-old poults were assigned to each of eight dietary treatments. These consisted of a corn–soybean meal control diet and isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets containing either 25% Target, high-glucosinolate, rapeseed meal (RSM), 25% Tower, low-glucosinolate RSM derived from two sources or 21.5% whole autoclaved Tower rapeseed plus three other treatments where 10% of oil derived from either soybean, Tower rapeseed or Target rapeseed was added. Dietary specifications were changed with age of bird. Weight gain and feed intake were recorded to 112 days of age. Target RSM resulted in a significant depression in weight gain and feed intake. Compared to the corn–soybean control, 25% Tower RSM and whole autoclaved Tower rapeseed, which supplied most of the dietary fat, had no effect on turkey performance. There was an indication that poults to 56 days of age were not able to fully utilize whole rapeseed. Performance of turkeys fed Tower rapeseed oil or soybean oil was similar, while Target oil significantly depressed weight gain. A perotic-type condition was observed in poults to 28 days of age when fed diets containing Target RSM. The condition was not observed in poults fed the other diets. It is concluded that both the oil and meal resulting from the processing of Tower rapeseed are superior in nutritional value to those obtained from Target rapeseed, and that these products may be included in turkey diets from day-of-age up to 10% for the oil and 25% for the meal, without adversely affecting performance.

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