scholarly journals Mycological and chemical screening of maize at open Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-240
Author(s):  
T. O. Akande ◽  
A. S. Agboola ◽  
F. P. Okunola
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Continuous Assessment ◽  
Total Aflatoxin ◽  
Fungal Isolation ◽  
Chemical Screening ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Total Fungi ◽  
Surface Spread ◽  
Open Markets

The aim of the present study was to screen maize at the open markets in Osun state, Nigeria to determine species of fungi total aflatoxin content and changes inproximate, energy and some vitamins content of maize grains. A total of forty five mouldy maize samples were collected from the six different open markets within the region which were later bulked into six representative samples (20-50Kg) for each market while Aflasafe maize, obtained from the Internationa lInstitute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) was used as a control.There presentative samples from the bulk were taken for proximate,selected vitamins and total aflatoxin contents determination.The quantitative enumeration of fungias colony forming units per gram of the grains (CFU/g) was performed using the surface spread method in different culture media. The results of fungi profile were further expressed as fungal isolation frequency (IF) and relative density (RD). Twelve (12) species and seven fungi genera were isolated in this study. The total fungi count ranged from 1.50x10 to 2.1X10 CFU/g in the six different locations. Aspergillus flavus, Rhyzopus stolonifer and Aspergillus glaucus were the most prevalent species Aspergillus and Rhizopus species occurred at 100% and 87% (IF) respectively. The toxigenic species of Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicellium had 85.7%,14.3% and 14.3% RD respectively. The proximate contents of the mouldy maize reduced by 11.54% for crude protein, 12.72% for ether extract and 1.12% for ash while about 5% caloric loss was observed. Total Aflatoxin in mouldy maize rose from near zero in aflasafe maize to 267.41µg/Kg with an average value of 142.0µg/Kg in mouldy maize while retinol and tocopherol contents were depleted by 48.7% and 37.6% respectively. This study indicated substantial loss of nutrients and reduced feed value in maize due to mould contamination and the need for continuous assessment offered ingredients particularly maize for mycological and nutritive status in order to feed animals for optimal performance

scholarly journals Microscopy and Microanalysis of an Extreme Case of Salt and Biodegradation in 17th Century Wall Paintings

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 606-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milene Gil ◽  
Maria Rosário Martins ◽  
Maria Luisa Carvalho ◽  
Cátia Souto ◽  
Stephane Longelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Extreme Case ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Salt Weathering ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Fungal Isolation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Standard Culture

AbstractThe present study characterizes the main deterioration mechanisms affecting the early 17th frescoes of Casa de Fresco, the only known example in Portugal of a semi-underground leisure room richly decorated with a balcony over a water well. Frescoes from the vault are at risk due to salt weathering and biodeterioration. The aim of the research was identification of the deterioration materials, determination of their origin, and their effect on the frescoes before future intervention. Scanning electron microscopy with an energy-dispersive X-ray detector (SEM-EDS) was used to determine salt morphology and microanalysis. The mineralogical characterization was performed by X-ray powder diffraction, complemented with µ-Raman and µ-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Biological assessment was evaluated with optical microscopy and SEM-EDS. Bacterial and fungal isolation and identification were performed using standard culture media and methods according to Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology and from the Compendium of Soil Fungi. The results show that Ca and Ca-Mg carbonates from the paint renderings are the predominant salt species affecting the site. Bacterial strains from the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas and fungal strains from the Cladosporium spp. and Penicillium spp. were isolated in the salt formations, within and between the mortar layers. Azurite, malachite, and smalt paint layers are the most affected by the weathering conditions.

scholarly journals Sustainability reporting assessment for quality and compliance: the case of Ukrainian banks’ management reports

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-129
Author(s):  
Inna Makarenko ◽  
Victor Sukhonos ◽  
Iryna V. Zhuravlyova ◽  
Sergiy Legenchuk ◽  
Olga Szołno
Keyword(s):  
Sustainability Reporting ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Continuous Assessment ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Verification Process ◽  
High Level ◽  
Corporate Social

Management report is a new form of sustainability reporting (SR) in Ukraine, and its assessment for quality of environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria disclosure and compliance among banks plays a crucial role for auditors in the verification process. The Quality and Compliance Bank Management Reports (Q&C BMR) Index methodology was developed for this purpose. The methodology includes a range of formal, content, assurance and disclosure scorings. According to the results of a continuous assessment of these management reports of 75 state, private and foreign-owned banks in Ukraine for the 2018 fiscal year, the average Q&C BMR Index is 61.2%. This indicates a fairly high level of quality and compliance with regulatory requirements for disclosure by banks of Ukraine in their SR. Differentiation of the studied population of banks in terms of Q&C BMR Index allowed distinguishing the following rating groups: А – leaders, B – pursuers, C – starters, and D – outsiders. There is a clear trend in the relationship between the ownership of a bank and its Q&C BMR index. Despite the rather high average value of the index, there is an opportunity to improve Ukrainian banks’ SR in the context of its further standardization and disclosure of the full set of ESGs – a criterion for all rating groups (especially C and D). Q&C BMR Index can be used as a benchmark by banks, regulators and auditors when comparing the level of disclosure by banks and their transparency. AcknowledgmentThe comments of an editor and anonymous referees have been gratefully acknowledged. Inna Makarenko gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine – Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility for Sustainable Development: Partnership of Stakeholders in the Real, Financial and Public Sectors of the Economy (0117U003933).

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RICE VARIETIES ON IRON STRESS IN NUTRIENT CULTURE MEDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Emilia Oktatora ◽  
Rujito Agus Suwignyo ◽  
Mery Hasmeda ◽  
Rosa Damayanti
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Iron Concentrations

Decreased rice productivity due to high iron concentrations especially in the vegetative phase, this causes the morphological character of rice to be affected until the metabolic process is disrupted. This study used 6 varieties, namely Batu Tegi, Inpara 9, Situ Patenggang, Inpara 8, Hawarabunar and Inpago 8, with iron concentrations of 0 and 250 ppm. The seeds were germinated for 3 days, then planted in Kimura B 10% nutrient culture media for 9 days, for 2 weeks then each week the media was changed to 100% Kimura B solution with the addition of 250 ppm iron concentration which was sampled every week until the 35th day. The results of the analysis of variance of the variables of plant height and root length showed that the combination Inpara 8-01 was the best combination and had a significant effect compared to other combinations with an average value of 61.31 cm and 30.77 cm. In the variable number of leaves the best average value was found in the combination of Batu Tegi-01 and Inpara 9-01 which had a significant effect compared to other treatments with an average value of 5.87 strands and 9.60 strands, respectively. On the stem dry weight variable, the combination of Hawarabunar-250 ppm Fe had a significant effect on other treatment combinations with the highest value of 0.17 g and the lowest value of treatment combination Inpara 9-250 ppm with a value of 0.08 g. Based on the results of treatment with 250 ppm Fe stress on plant morphological characters, the Hawarabunar variety had the best response in tolerating Fe stress, while the Batu Tegi variety was the lowest in tolerating Fe stress.

High-pressure freezing of cells in suspension for low-voltage scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM)

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 64-65
Author(s):  
Marek Malecki ◽  
James Pawley ◽  
Hans Ris
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
High Pressure Freezing ◽  
Cell Culture Media ◽  
Voltage Scanning

The ultrastructure of cells suspended in physiological fluids or cell culture media can only be studied if the living processes are stopped while the cells remain in suspension. Attachment of living cells to carrier surfaces to facilitate further processing for electron microscopy produces a rapid reorganization of cell structure eradicating most traces of the structures present when the cells were in suspension. The structure of cells in suspension can be immobilized by either chemical fixation or, much faster, by rapid freezing (cryo-immobilization). The fixation speed is particularly important in studies of cell surface reorganization over time. High pressure freezing provides conditions where specimens up to 500μm thick can be frozen in milliseconds without ice crystal damage. This volume is sufficient for cells to remain in suspension until frozen. However, special procedures are needed to assure that the unattached cells are not lost during subsequent processing for LVSEM or HVEM using freeze-substitution or freeze drying. We recently developed such a procedure.

Kalinin: A new epithelial basement membrane adhesion molecule

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 178-179
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Keene ◽  
Gregory P. Lunstrum ◽  
Patricia Rousselle ◽  
Robert E. Burgeson
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Human Amnion ◽  
Epithelial Basement Membrane ◽  
Type Vii Collagen ◽  
Keratinocyte Cell ◽  
Epithelial Basement

A mouse monoclonal antibody produced from collagenase digests of human amnion was used by LM and TEM to study the distribution and ultrastructural features of an antigen present in epithelial tissues and in cultured human keratinocytes, and by immunoaffinity chromatography to partially purify the antigen from keratinocyte cell culture media.By immunofluorescence microscopy, the antigen displays a tissue distribution similar to type VII collagen; positive staining of the epithelial basement membrane is seen in skin, oral mucosa, trachea, esophagus, cornea, amnion and lung. Images from rotary shadowed preparations isolated by affinity chromatography demonstrate a population of rod-like molecules 107 nm in length, having pronounced globular domains at each end. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggests that the size of this molecule is approximately 440kDa, and that it is composed of three nonidentical chains disulfide bonded together.

Structural integrity after cold storage of human epidermal model in hypothermosol: A correlative ultrastructural and fluorescent assay

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
Henry H. Eichelberger ◽  
John G. Baust ◽  
Robert G. Van Buskirk
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Ruthenium Tetroxide ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Before And After

For research in cell differentiation and in vitro toxicology it is essential to provide a natural state of cell structure as a benchmark for interpreting results. Hypothermosol (Cryomedical Sciences, Rockville, MD) has proven useful in insuring the viability of synthetic human epidermis during cold-storage and in maintaining the epidermis’ ability to continue to differentiate following warming.Human epidermal equivalent, EpiDerm (MatTek Corporation, Ashland, MA) consisting of fully differentiated stratified human epidermal cells were grown on a microporous membrane. EpiDerm samples were fixed before and after cold-storage (4°C) for 5 days in Hypothermosol or skin culture media (MatTek Corporation) and allowed to recover for 7 days at 37°C. EpiDerm samples were fixed 1 hour in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2). A secondary fixation with 0.2% ruthenium tetroxide (Polysciences, Inc., Warrington, PA) in sodium cacodylate was carried out for 3 hours at 4°C. Other samples were similarly fixed, but with 1% Osmium tetroxide in place of ruthenium tetroxide. Samples were dehydrated through a graded acetone series, infiltrated with Spurrs resin (Polysciences Inc.) and polymerized at 70°C.

Inhibition of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion by Select Antioxidants in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Haas ◽  
Marilu Jurado-Flores ◽  
Ramadan Hammoud ◽  
Victoria Feng ◽  
Krista Gonzales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cytokine Secretion ◽  
Human Coronary Artery ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract. Inflammatory and oxidative stress in endothelial cells are implicated in the pathogenesis of premature atherosclerosis in diabetes. To determine whether high-dextrose concentrations induce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) were exposed to either 5.5 or 27.5 mM dextrose for 24-hours and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) levels were measured by enzyme immunoassays. To determine the effect of antioxidants on inflammatory cytokine secretion, cells were also treated with α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and the glutathione peroxidase mimetic ebselen. Only the concentration of IL-1β in culture media from cells exposed to 27.5 mM dextrose increased relative to cells maintained in 5.5 mM dextrose. Treatment with α-tocopherol (10, 100, and 1,000 μM) and ascorbic acid (15, 150, and 1,500 μM) at the same time that the dextrose was added reduced IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels in culture media from cells maintained at 5.5 mM dextrose but had no effect on IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels in cells exposed to 27.5 mM dextrose. However, ebselen treatment reduced IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels in cells maintained in either 5.5 or 27.5 mM dextrose. IL-2 and TNF α concentrations in culture media were below the limit of detection under all experimental conditions studied suggesting that these cells may not synthesize detectable quantities of these cytokines. These results suggest that dextrose at certain concentrations may increase IL-1β levels and that antioxidants have differential effects on suppressing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in HCAEC.

Influence of death obsession and anxiety on exposure to popular culture media

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance C. Garmon ◽  
Meredith Patterson ◽  
Jennifer M. Shultz ◽  
Michael C. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Culture Media
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