scholarly journals Pre and post-gestation blood indices of rabbit does fed graded levels of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf meal

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
O. Y. Ayo-Ajasa ◽  
L. T. Egbeyale ◽  
J. A. Abiona ◽  
A. O. Fafiolu

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of neem leaf meal on the blood status of rabbit does before and after gestation. Atotal of twenty-four (24) rabbit does of mixed breeds, with initial average live weight of 1975g were randomly allocated into four (4) experimental dietary treatments; each of which was replicated three (3) times with two (2) rabbits per replicate. The rabbits were fed diets containing 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf meal. Parameters measured included packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin, red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) and its differentials for haematology while total protein, globulin, albumin, cholesterol, alkaline phosphate (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured for biochemical indices. All data generated were subjected to one-way Analysis of Variance in a Completely Randomized Design. The findings from this study at pre-gestation showed that neem leaf meal (NLM) significantly (p<0.05) influenced basophil and serum total protein, globulin and glucose. Basophil was significantly reduced in rabbits fed 5.0% NLM (0.33%) while the serum components were affected in rabbits fed 2.5% NLM. The result at post-gestation showed no significant (p>0.05) difference in all the parameters measured exceptneutrophils. Neutrophils were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in rabbits on the control diet (26.67%) while rabbits on NLM diets recorded similar values. From the serum component, cholesterol was significantly (p<0.05) highest in rabbits fed 5.0% NLM (62.33mg/dL) and lowest in those fed 2.5% NLM (49.67mg/dL). It was, therefore, concluded that inclusion of NLM in rabbit does' diet up to 7.5% had no adverse effect on the health status of the animals as the values obtained for neutrophils and cholesterol were still within the normal range of rabbit blood profile.

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Elly Tugiyanti ◽  
Emmy Susanti

The purpose of this research was to know the effect of breadfruit leaves flour in feed to blood profile and correlation between cholesterol, HDL and LDL of blood with meat cholesterol of maleTegal duck of 10 weeks old. The material used was Day Old Duck of male Tegal duck  as much as 120 heads with experimental research methods and Completely Randomized Design (CRD). There were 6 treatments: feed without breadfruit leaf powder, feed + breadfruit flour 3% / kg feed, feed + breadfruit flour 6% / kg feed, feed + breadfruit flour 9% / kg feed, feed + flour breadfruit 12% / kg feed, and feed + breadfruit flour 15% / kg feed. Each treatment was repeated 5 times and each replication consisted of 4 ducks. The variables observed were the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, HDL, LDL, blood triglycerides, correlation between cholesterol, HDL and LDL blood with meat cholesterol of male Tegal duck of 10 weeks old.  The result of the analysis showed that the supplementation of breadfruit leaves has significant effect (P <0,05) on the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, HDL, and blood triglyceride. There is a positive correlation between blood cholesterol with duck meat cholesterol which given breadfruit leaf powder. This research can be concluded that the supplementation of breadfruit leaf powder (Artocarpus altilis) can increase the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, blood HDL level but lowers blood cholesterol and triglyceride blood of male Tegal duck of 10 weeks old. Cholesterol meat is affected by blood cholesterol with regression coefficient of 0.780941, influenced by LDL (r = 0.407849), but negatively affected by HDL (r = -0.47022).


2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
E. O. Ewuola ◽  
A. A. Adeyemi ◽  
O. R. Bello

Variations in haematological and serum biochemical indices among White Fulani bulls, Ouda rams and West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks were studied. Ten each of mature bulls, rams and bucks were used for the experiment. Blood was sampled from all the animals and analysed for haematology and serum was separated for serum biochemical analysis. The result showed that species had effect on some haematological and serum biochemical indices of White Fulani bulls, Ouda rams and WAD bucks. Packed cell volume, haemoglobin, white blood cells, red blood cells, monocytes and eosinophils were not significantly different among the species, while platelets, lymphocytes, and neutrophils counts were significantly influenced by specie differences. Platelets was significantly (p<0.05) lower in rams (93.20×103 /µL) than in bulls (136.00×103 /µL) and bucks (141.90×103 /µL). Lymphocytes and neutrophils count was significantly (p<0.05) influenced by species differences. Serum biochemical parameters showed that there was no significant difference in the mean values for albumin, glucose, cholesterol, urea and Aspartate amino transferase, while the values obtained for total protein, creatinine and Alanine amino transferase (ALT) were significantly (p<0.05) different among the animal species. Total protein (7.21±0.52 g/dL) and creatinine (1.21±0.19 mg/dL) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in bucks than other species. The ALT was also higher (p<0.05) in bucks (20.83 iu/L) than in rams (7.59 iu/L) and bulls (6.27 iu/L). This study suggests that the effect of specie of an animal influences blood indices. The values obtained in this study can be used as references for haematological and serum biochemical assessment of indigenous male cattle, sheep and goat in Nigeria.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-323
Author(s):  
P.C. Jiwuba ◽  
W.N. Amaduronye ◽  
R.C. Akazue

Abstract. West African Dwarf (WAD) goat plays an important socio-economic role, hence the effect of 82 days of feeding Gmelina leaf meal (GLM) diets on feed intake, body weight change and blood indices of WAD goats were investigated. A total of 36 WAD goats averaging 9.04 kg in weight were randomly divided into four groups of nine goats each with three goats constituting a replicate. The groups were randomly assigned four experimental diets (T1, T2, T3, and T4, containing GLM at 0%, 12%, 24% and 36%, respectively) in a completely randomized design. Results indicated significant (p<0.05) improvement for body weights and feed conversion ratio for T2, T3, and T4. There was significant difference (p<0.05) for all the haematological parameters except packed cell volume (PCV). White blood cells (WBC) increased in their number (p<0.05) with incremental levels of GLM in the diets. All the serum biochemical indices showed significant (p<0.05) difference with glucose and cholesterol concentration reduced (p<0.05) with incremental levels of GLM. It could be concluded that GLM can be included in the diets of goats up to 36% without deleterious effects on the productive and physiological indices of WAD goats.


2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-303
Author(s):  
R. Olajide ◽  
A.F Azeez ◽  
M.T Alofe

The effect of feeding varying dietary levels of sorghum sprout waste (SS) as substitutes for maize on performance, carcass and blood indices of rabbits was investigated. Thirty growing rabbits of nine weeks of age were allocated to 5 dietary treatments of 6 rabbits per replicate in a Complete Randomized Design experiment which lasted 56 days. The diets were formulated with 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100% SS as substitutes weight for weight in place of maize. Results show that daily feed intake, cost per kg feed, cost of feed per kg weight gain, carcass, organs, most serological and haematological indices investigated were significantly (p<0.05) affected by dietary treatments. The trends obtained in these parameters across the treatments were not definite and not depict adverse effects on the experimental rabbits. The highest (p< 0.05) total protein, albumin, packed cell volume, red blood cells and haemoglobin values were obtained in the experimental rabbits fed 100% SS-based diets. Cost/kg feed reduced (p< 0.05) from N69.07 (€0.32), N63.95 (€0.30), N62.88 (€0.29), N59.77 (€0.28) and N55.11 (€0.25) ; and cost of feed/ kg live weight from N582.84 (€2.69), N509.04 (€2.35), N445.30 (€2.06), N433.12 (€2.00) and N403.68 (€1.86) respectively for rabbits fed 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% SS. Substitution of maize with 100% SS gave the cheapest cost of production of a kg live weight of rabbits with no deleterious effects on carcass and health depicted by normal serological and haematological values; and could be adopted by rabbits farmers to alleviate the problem of high cost of maize.


2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-303
Author(s):  
R. Olajide ◽  
M. T. Alofe

The effect of feeding varying dietary levels of sorghum sprout waste (SS) as substitutes for maize on performance, carcass and blood indices of rabbits was investigated. Thirty growing rabbits of nine weeks of age were allocated to 5 dietary treatments of 6 rabbits per replicate in a Complete Randomized Design experiment which lasted 56 days. The diets were formulated with 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100% SS as substitutes weight for weight in place of maize. Results show that daily feed intake, cost per kg feed, cost of feed per kg weight gain, carcass, organs, most serological and haematological indices investigated were significantly (p< 0.05) affected by dietary treatments. The trends obtained in these parameters across the treatments were not definite and not depict adverse effects on the experimental rabbits. The highest (p< 0.05) total protein, albumin, packed cell volume, red blood cells and haemoglobin values were obtained in the experimental rabbits fed 100% SS-based diets. Cost/kg feed reduced (p< 0.05) from N69.07 (€0.32). N63.95 (€0.30), N62.88 (€0.29). N59.77 (€0.28) and N55.11 (€0.25); and cost of feed/ kg live weight from N582.84 (€2.69), N509.04 (€2.35), N445.30 (E2.06), N433.12 (€2.00) and N403.68 (€1.86) respectively for rabbits fed 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% SS. Substitution of maize with 100% SS gave the cheapest cost of production of a kg live weight of rabbits with no deleterious effects on carcass and health depicted by normal serological and haematological values; and could be adopted by rabbits farmers to alleviate the problem of high cost of maize.


2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-221
Author(s):  
M. D. Olumide ◽  
A. O. Akinsoyinu ◽  
R. A. Hamzat

Competition exists between man and his livestock for conventional feed ingredients like maize. This has necessitated the search for alternative ingredients. Large quantities of cocoa bean shell are produced and wasted annually by farmers and associated processing industries in Nigeria. A total of one hundred and fifty day-old Anak broiler chicks were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments with 30 birds per treatment, replicated thrice, in a completely randomised design. The treatments were: A (0% CBS-control diet); B (5% RCBS); C (10% RCBS); D (15% RCBS) and E (20% RCBS). Birds were fed ad libitum throughout the experimental period of eight weeks. The feed intake and weight gained were monitored. Carcass analysis, serum and hematological parameters such as total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, glucose, creatinine, red blood cell, white blood cells, hemoglobin and packed cell volume were determined. Significant differences were observed in the feed intake, the birds fed with the control diet A had the highest feed intake 4556.50gm compared with birds fed diet D and E with mean values of 4177.50gm and 4097.00gm respectively. The highest weight gain was obtained from birds on control diet (1952.00gm) and the lowest from birds with 20% RCBS (1550.00gm, diet E). As the level of inclusion of RCBS increased the feed conversion ratio value increased. The dressed out percentage ranged from 73.67% - 67.00%. Apparent variations in the values obtained for total protein, creatinine, red blood cells, hemoglobin and packed cell volume of the birds fed graded levels of RCBS were not significant. However, white blood cells and globulin values increased with increase in the level of CBS in the diet. RCBS could effectively replace up to 10% maize in the diets of broilers without a deleterious effect on broiler chicken.


2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Al-Otaibi ◽  
H. F. A. Al-Balawi ◽  
Z. Ahmad ◽  
E. M. Suliman

Abstract The catfish, Clarias gariepinus, was exposed to different acute concentrations (5-10 mg/l) of diazinon and the Lc50 value was recorded as high as 7.3 mg/l for 96 hours. The fishes exposed to three sub-lethal levels of diazinon (0.73, 1.095 and 1.46 mg/l) for 30 days showed that the pesticide induces changes in different blood parameters. Number of red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin level and haematocrit values were elevated whereas white blood cells (WBC) count was reduced. Various blood indices like mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobine (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobine concentration (MCHC) vary insignificantly in the fish treated with diazinon. Glucose level and activity level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was increased in Clarias gariepinus exposed to diazinon. Protein level in plasma of fish treated with pesticide was changed but the change was insignificant. Histological changes in the liver, gills and kidney of fishes exposed to diazinon were apparent when compared to control. Hepatocytes necrosis and bleeding were more distinct in the fishes exposed to pesticide. Glomerulus hypertrophy and bleeding in kidneys; and fusion and degeneration of secondary lamellae and epithelial hyperplasia in gills were also observed in the exposed fish.


Agricultura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Peter-Damian Chukwunomso JIWUBA ◽  
Stanley Uzochukwu ILO ◽  
Wisdom AMADURUONYE ◽  
Nonye Lilian AZODO ◽  
Chinenye UZOMA

The effect of feeding pro-vitamin A cassava peel meal (PCPM) based diets to growing rabbits (n=48) for 61 days on their haematology and serum biochemical parameters was investigated. T1, T2, T3, and T4 diets were formulated with inclusion levels of 0, 15, 30, and 45%, respectively. In a completely randomized design, the rabbits were randomly allocated to four experimental groups of twelve animals each, with four rabbits constituting a replicate. On the last day of the study, blood samples were taken from each animal and analyzed for haematological and serum biochemical indices. The results of the proximate composition of experimental diets revealed that T2, T3, and T4 had high (p<0.05) ash values. T1 diet had higher (p<0.05) metabolizable energy (ME) in comparison with T3, and T4 diets. Red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC) were improved (p<0.05) significantly in 15, 30, and 45% PCPM inclusions. T3 and T4 had better (p<0.05) packed cell volume (PCV) values, haemoglobin (Hb), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) than T1 and T2. The treatment groups (T2, T3 and T4) had significantly higher (p<0.05) total protein, globulin, creatinine, total bilirubin, and aspartate amino transferase (AST). Cholesterol and urea levels were lowered significantly (p<0.05) in T3 and T4. All of the blood parameters were within the normal physiological range for clinically healthy rabbits, indicating that PCPM was beneficial to the rabbits' blood formation and health. T4 group had the best results and was recommended for enhanced rabbit production.


2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-192
Author(s):  
B. B. Bishir ◽  
G. T. Iyeghe-Erakpotobor ◽  
D. Zahraddeen ◽  
A. M. Aliyu

This research was carried out to update the baseline data on haematology and serum biochemical parameters of Red Sokoto bucks. The Bucks were allotted to five treatments having three replicates each in a completely randomized design. The hog plum leaf meal (HPLM) was fed at levels of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% in treatment 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. The experimental diets and clean drinking water were offered to the animals ad libitum. 2mL of blood was taken for heamatological analysis and placed in a vacuum tube containing 10% ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA). Measured parameters include packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils, Monocytes and Lymphocytes and another 2mL of blood sample was also taken for serum biochemistry analysis and was also placed in a separate vaccum tube without anti-clotting agent. Measured parameters for serum biochemistry include glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium and chlorine. Packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), haemoglobin (Hb), neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes differed (P<0.05, P<0.01) among treatments. However, basophils and monocytes were not significantly (P>0.05) affected. The white blood cells differentials were slightly different between treatment groups but were within the reference range. The relative Lymphocytes counts was higher (P<0.05) in 30% and 40%HPLM T5 (72.42%, 73.57%) than other treatments groups which were 70.23%, 65.17% and 70.31% for 0, 10 and 20% HPLM, respectively. The serum glucose values obtained in this study The values obtained for total protein, globulin and potassium were not significantly different (P<0.05). The albumin and urea values obtained have the lowest value at 3.82g/l (control) and 30% HPLM (4.46mmol/l) respectively. Creatinine and sodium were significantly higher in 40% (147.00mmol/l) and 20% HPLM (169.33mmol/l) respectively and Values for chlorine was observed to be similar (P<0.0.05) having the lowest value at 10% HPLM (84.23 mmol/l). were significantly higher (P<0.05) on 10% (8.00 mmol/l) and 20% HPLM (8.36 mmol/l) respectively. The study indicated that hog plum leaf meal could be used as feed resources to raise goats.     Cette recherche a été effectuée pour mettre à jour les données de base sur l'hématologie et les paramètres biochimiques sériques des mâles Sokoto rouges. Les Bucks ont été attribués à cinq traitements ayant trois répliques chacun dans une conception complètement randomisée. La farine de feuilles de prunier (HPLM) a été nourrie à des niveaux de 0, 10, 20, 30 et 40% dans le traitement 1, 2, 3, 4 et 5 respectivement. Les régimes expérimentaux et l'eau potable propre ont été offerts aux animaux ad libitum. 2mL de sang a été pris pour l'analyse hématologique et placé dans un tube à vide contenant 10% d'acide tétra acetic d'éthylène diamine (EDTA). Les paramètres mesurés comprennent le volume cellulaire emballé (PCV), la concentration d'hémoglobine (Hb), les globules rouges (RBC), les globules blancs (WBC), les neutrophiles, les basophiles, les éosinophiles, les monocytes et les lymphocytes et un autre échantillon de sang de 2 mL a également été prélevé pour l'analyse de biochimie sérique et a également été placé dans un tube d'évacuation séparé sans agent anticoagulation. Les paramètres mesurés pour la biochimie sérique comprennent le glucose, la protéine totale, l'albumine, la globuline, l'urée, la créatinine, le sodium, le potassium et le chlore. Le volume de cellules emballées (PCV), les globules rouges (RBC), les globules blancs (WBC), l'hémoglobine (Hb), les neutrophiles, les éosinophiles et les lymphocytes différaient (P<0.05, P<0.01) parmi les traitements. Cependant, les basophiles et les monocytes n'ont pas été affectés de manière significative (P>0.05). Les différentiels des globules blancs étaient légèrement différents entre les groupes de traitement, mais se trouvaient dans la fourchette de référence. Les comptes relatifs de lymphocytes étaient plus élevés (P<0.05) dans 30% et 40%HPLM T5 (72.42%, 73.57%) que les autres groupes de traitements qui étaient 70.23%, 65.17% et 70.31% pour 0, 10 et 20% HPLM, respectivement. Les valeurs de glucose sérique obtenues dans cette étude Les valeurs obtenues pour la protéine totale, la globuline et le potassium n'étaient pas significativement différentes (P<0.05). Les valeurs d'albumine et d'urée obtenues ont la valeur la plus basse à 3,82 g/l (contrôle) et 30 % hplm (4,46 mmol/l) respectivement. La créatinine et le sodium étaient significativement plus élevés dans 40% (147.00mmol/l) et 20% HPLM (169.33mmol/l) respectivement et les valeurs pour le chlore ont été observées pour être semblables (P<0.05) ayant la valeur la plus basse à 10% HPLM (84.23 mmol/l). étaient significativement plus élevés (P<0.05) sur 10% (8,00 mmol/l) et 20% HPLM (8.36 mmol/l) respectivement. L'étude a indiqué que la farine de feuilles de prunier pourrait être utilisée comme ressources d'alimentation pour élever des chèvres..


Author(s):  
Y. Garba ◽  
E. A. Adeola

An experiment was carried out to test the effect of Sesame residue (SR) inclusion in the diets of growing Yankasa ram lambs on haematological and serum biochemical parameters. Twelve (12) Yankasa ram lambs with initial body weight of 20.08±3.08kg were allotted to three dietary treatments containing 0, 20 and 30% SR (A, B and C). A completely randomized design was used for the study which lasted twelve (12) weeks. The haemetology results revealed that the white blood cells (12.85-16.85 109/L), red blood cells (1.49-2.04 1012/L), haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) (39.85-48.00 pg), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and lymphocytes differed significantly (P<0.05) among the treatments. Lambs fed 30% SR had the highest MCV, MCH, MCHC and lymphocyte values. Serum biochemical analysis results revealed that lambs fed 20% and 30% SR had higher alkaline phosphatase, total protein and globulin values than lambs fed 0%SR. However, SR inclusion in the diets did not affect calcium and phosphorus levels of the lambs. In conclusion, including sesame residue at 30% in the diets of growing Yankasa ram lambs had no observable adverse effect on haematological and serum biochemical parameters.


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