Toxicity bioassay and sub-lethal effects of diazinon on blood profile and histology of liver, gills and kidney of catfish, Clarias gariepinus

Abstract The catfish, Clarias gariepinus, was exposed to different acute concentrations (5-10 mg/l) of diazinon and the Lc50 value was recorded as high as 7.3 mg/l for 96 hours. The fishes exposed to three sub-lethal levels of diazinon (0.73, 1.095 and 1.46 mg/l) for 30 days showed that the pesticide induces changes in different blood parameters. Number of red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin level and haematocrit values were elevated whereas white blood cells (WBC) count was reduced. Various blood indices like mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobine (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobine concentration (MCHC) vary insignificantly in the fish treated with diazinon. Glucose level and activity level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was increased in Clarias gariepinus exposed to diazinon. Protein level in plasma of fish treated with pesticide was changed but the change was insignificant. Histological changes in the liver, gills and kidney of fishes exposed to diazinon were apparent when compared to control. Hepatocytes necrosis and bleeding were more distinct in the fishes exposed to pesticide. Glomerulus hypertrophy and bleeding in kidneys; and fusion and degeneration of secondary lamellae and epithelial hyperplasia in gills were also observed in the exposed fish.

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Pre and post-gestation blood indices of rabbit does fed graded levels of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf meal

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v45i5.482 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

pp. 15-22

Author(s):

O. Y. Ayo-Ajasa ◽

L. T. Egbeyale ◽

J. A. Abiona ◽

A. O. Fafiolu

Keyword(s):

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Total Protein ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Control Diet ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Live Weight ◽

Blood Profile ◽

Blood Indices ◽

Leaf Meal ◽

Randomized Design

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of neem leaf meal on the blood status of rabbit does before and after gestation. Atotal of twenty-four (24) rabbit does of mixed breeds, with initial average live weight of 1975g were randomly allocated into four (4) experimental dietary treatments; each of which was replicated three (3) times with two (2) rabbits per replicate. The rabbits were fed diets containing 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf meal. Parameters measured included packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin, red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) and its differentials for haematology while total protein, globulin, albumin, cholesterol, alkaline phosphate (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured for biochemical indices. All data generated were subjected to one-way Analysis of Variance in a Completely Randomized Design. The findings from this study at pre-gestation showed that neem leaf meal (NLM) significantly (p<0.05) influenced basophil and serum total protein, globulin and glucose. Basophil was significantly reduced in rabbits fed 5.0% NLM (0.33%) while the serum components were affected in rabbits fed 2.5% NLM. The result at post-gestation showed no significant (p>0.05) difference in all the parameters measured exceptneutrophils. Neutrophils were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in rabbits on the control diet (26.67%) while rabbits on NLM diets recorded similar values. From the serum component, cholesterol was significantly (p<0.05) highest in rabbits fed 5.0% NLM (62.33mg/dL) and lowest in those fed 2.5% NLM (49.67mg/dL). It was, therefore, concluded that inclusion of NLM in rabbit does' diet up to 7.5% had no adverse effect on the health status of the animals as the values obtained for neutrophils and cholesterol were still within the normal range of rabbit blood profile.

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The effect of domestic effluent on growth and haematological parameters of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) (Pisces; Clariidae)

Anales de Biología ◽

10.6018/analesbio.42.14 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 129-136

Author(s):

Asiata Adekilekun Kolawole ◽

Reuben Ataitiya ◽

Quazim Olawale Junaid ◽

Abdur-Rahman Kolawole Mustapha

Keyword(s):

Blood Cells ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Behavioral Changes ◽

Toxicological Effect ◽

Domestic Effluents ◽

Set Up ◽

And Control ◽

Domestic Effluent

Esta investigación determina el efecto toxicológico de efluentes domésticos en los parámetros sanguíneos de Clarias gariepinus. Se realizaron cuatro tratamientos: Control, 30, 50 y 70 mlL-1. Cada tratamiento fue por triplicado. Se produjeron cambios de comportamiento en los peces expuestos a 50 y 70 mlL-1 del efluente, y no se observó ninguno en los peces Control y los tratados con 30 mlL-1. Hubo diferencias significativas en la ganancia media de peso y longitud entre los peces expuestos al tratamiento y el control. Hubo una reducción significativa (p < 0.05) de los glóbulos rojos. Los glóbulos blancos, el hematocrito, el volumen corpuscular medio y la hemoglobina de los peces expuestos fueron significativamente más altos que en el control (p < 0,05). Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que los efluentes domésticos pueden afectar. This research determines the toxicological effect of domestic effluents on blood parameters of Clarias gariepinus. Four treatment were set up: Control, 30, 50 and 70mlL-1 . Each treatment was done in triplicate. There were behavioral changes in fishes exposed to 50 and 70 mlL-1 of the effluent while none was observed in Control fishes and fishes undergone 30 mlL-1. There were significant differences in the Mean Weight and Mean Length Gain between the fishes exposed to treatment and Control fishes. There was significant reduction in the red blood cells (p < 0.05). White blood cells, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and haemoglobin in the fishes exposed were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than Control. Results from this study suggests that domestic effluents can negatively affect the growth and haematology of fishes.

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Blood Profile of Growing Rabbits Fed Pro-Vitamin A Fortified Cassava Peel Meal Based Diets

Agricultura ◽

10.18690/agricultura.18.1-2.1-8.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1-2) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Peter-Damian Chukwunomso JIWUBA ◽

Stanley Uzochukwu ILO ◽

Wisdom AMADURUONYE ◽

Nonye Lilian AZODO ◽

Chinenye UZOMA

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Blood Cells ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Haemoglobin Concentration ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Blood Profile ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Serum Biochemical ◽

Cassava Peel

The effect of feeding pro-vitamin A cassava peel meal (PCPM) based diets to growing rabbits (n=48) for 61 days on their haematology and serum biochemical parameters was investigated. T1, T2, T3, and T4 diets were formulated with inclusion levels of 0, 15, 30, and 45%, respectively. In a completely randomized design, the rabbits were randomly allocated to four experimental groups of twelve animals each, with four rabbits constituting a replicate. On the last day of the study, blood samples were taken from each animal and analyzed for haematological and serum biochemical indices. The results of the proximate composition of experimental diets revealed that T2, T3, and T4 had high (p<0.05) ash values. T1 diet had higher (p<0.05) metabolizable energy (ME) in comparison with T3, and T4 diets. Red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC) were improved (p<0.05) significantly in 15, 30, and 45% PCPM inclusions. T3 and T4 had better (p<0.05) packed cell volume (PCV) values, haemoglobin (Hb), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) than T1 and T2. The treatment groups (T2, T3 and T4) had significantly higher (p<0.05) total protein, globulin, creatinine, total bilirubin, and aspartate amino transferase (AST). Cholesterol and urea levels were lowered significantly (p<0.05) in T3 and T4. All of the blood parameters were within the normal physiological range for clinically healthy rabbits, indicating that PCPM was beneficial to the rabbits' blood formation and health. T4 group had the best results and was recommended for enhanced rabbit production.

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Profile of cortisol, glycaemia, and blood parameters of American Bullfrog tadpoles Lithobates catesbeianus exposed to density and hypoxia stressors

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2012001300016 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (suppl 1) ◽

pp. 91-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Patricia C. Teixeira ◽

Danielle C. Dias ◽

Guilherme C. Rocha ◽

Antônio M. Antonucci ◽

Fernanda M. França ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cells ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Air Exposure ◽

Physiological Profile ◽

Lithobates Catesbeianus ◽

American Bullfrog ◽

Physiological Alterations ◽

Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to evaluate alterations to the physiological profile (cortisol, glycaemia, and blood parameters) of Lithobates catesbeianus caused by the stressors density and hypoxia. The organisms were in the prometamorphosis stage and exposed to different tadpole densities: 1 tadpole/L (T1), 5 tadpoles/L (T2), and 10 tadpoles/L (T3) for 12 days. The blood was collected through the rupture of the caudal blood vessel and collected under normoxia (immediate collection) and hypoxia (after 15 minutes of air exposure) conditions. Cortisol levels rose on the fourth and eighth days of treatment and returned to basal levels by the end of the experiment. The stressor mechanisms tested did not affect glycaemia. White blood cells (total number of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils) showed a significant difference at the twelfth day of the experiment when compared with the start of the experiment. We concluded that, under controlled conditions, a density of up to 10 tadpoles/L and air exposure for 15 minutes did not cause harmful physiological alterations during the experimental period. The answer to these stressors maybe was in another hormonal level (corticosterone).

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The Effect of Breadfruit Leaf Flour (Artocarpus altilis) on Number of Blood Cells And Correlation Between Cholesterol Blood and Meat of Tegal Ducks 10 Weeks Age

ANIMAL PRODUCTION ◽

10.20884/1.jap.2017.19.3.635 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 179

Author(s):

Elly Tugiyanti ◽

Emmy Susanti

Keyword(s):

Red Blood Cells ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Regression Coefficient ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Blood Profile ◽

Artocarpus Altilis ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Leaf Powder ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The purpose of this research was to know the effect of breadfruit leaves flour in feed to blood profile and correlation between cholesterol, HDL and LDL of blood with meat cholesterol of maleTegal duck of 10 weeks old. The material used was Day Old Duck of male Tegal duck as much as 120 heads with experimental research methods and Completely Randomized Design (CRD). There were 6 treatments: feed without breadfruit leaf powder, feed + breadfruit flour 3% / kg feed, feed + breadfruit flour 6% / kg feed, feed + breadfruit flour 9% / kg feed, feed + flour breadfruit 12% / kg feed, and feed + breadfruit flour 15% / kg feed. Each treatment was repeated 5 times and each replication consisted of 4 ducks. The variables observed were the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, HDL, LDL, blood triglycerides, correlation between cholesterol, HDL and LDL blood with meat cholesterol of male Tegal duck of 10 weeks old. The result of the analysis showed that the supplementation of breadfruit leaves has significant effect (P <0,05) on the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, HDL, and blood triglyceride. There is a positive correlation between blood cholesterol with duck meat cholesterol which given breadfruit leaf powder. This research can be concluded that the supplementation of breadfruit leaf powder (Artocarpus altilis) can increase the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, blood HDL level but lowers blood cholesterol and triglyceride blood of male Tegal duck of 10 weeks old. Cholesterol meat is affected by blood cholesterol with regression coefficient of 0.780941, influenced by LDL (r = 0.407849), but negatively affected by HDL (r = -0.47022).

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EFFECT OF ZINC ELEMENT AND DEXAMETHASONE ON SOME HEMATOLOGICAL BIOCHEMICAL TESTS IN RABBITS MALE

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v47i6.484 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

Author(s):

D. S. Dheyab

Keyword(s):

Blood Cells ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Collection ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Histological Changes ◽

Spleen Tissue ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Short Time

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of zinc in dose 15mg/kg.bw daily taken by the mouth and dexamethasone 4mgIkg.Bw by injection for 30days on some hematological biochemical tests and some histological changes of liver spleen in male rabbits. Thirty rabbits were used that divided into 3 randomized groups (each group contain 10 male rabbits ). Control group was taken normal food and water, Zinc group that gave zinc at dose of 15mg/kg.BW/daily/oral on 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks. Dexamethasone with zinc group : Employ dexamethasone 4mg/Kg.Bw . I.M dialy for 1 and 2 weeks for experiment and at 3, 4th weeks they gave zn 15mg/lKg.Bw day/orally. Blood samples were taken from the heart directly in 2 and 4weeks to examine packed cell volume (pcv), white blood cells (WBCs), Red blood cells (RBCs) with differential Leuckcyte count.separation blood collection to plasma and examine glucose mg/dl , cholesterol mg/dl. In histological tests, rabbits were killed and separate their organs tissue from the body to examine liver and spleen. The results revealed a decrease in level of RBCs, pcv after treatment with zinc 15, mg/Kg.Bw orally (zinc group) and increase in WBCs with differential leuckocyte count specially neutrophil cell, while biochemical tests show increase in glucose and cholesterol levels after treatment with dexamethasone 4mglkgBw. I/M seen increase in counts of RBCs , PCV, WBCs and differential lenkocyte count and decrease in glucose with cholesterol parameters, histological changes show change in liver after treatment by dexamethasone 4mglKg.Bw ,spleen tissue seen necrosis and pigmentation with hemorrhage after take dexamethasone 4mglkg in (dexamethasone + zinc group). Results also showed that zinc enhanced the immune system in at normal dose for limited time because of its effect on other mineral such as copper and causes anemia , while the dexamethasone is a drug used for antianflammatory but for a short time.

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Critical requirement for Stat5 in a mouse model of polycythemia vera

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2011-03-345215 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 119 (15) ◽

pp. 3539-3549 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

Dongqing Yan ◽

Robert E. Hutchison ◽

Golam Mohi

Keyword(s):

Polycythemia Vera ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Strong Support ◽

Primary Myelofibrosis ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Critical Function ◽

Critical Requirement ◽

Multiple Signaling

The JAK2V617F mutation has been identified in most cases of Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) including polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Expression of JAK2V617F results in constitutive activation of multiple signaling molecules/pathways. However, the key signaling downstream of JAK2V617F required for transformation and induction of MPNs remains elusive. Using a mouse genetic strategy, we show here that Stat5 is absolutely required for the pathogenesis of PV induced by Jak2V617F. Whereas expression of Jak2V617F in mice resulted in all the features of human PV, including an increase in red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cells, platelets, and splenomegaly, deletion of Stat5 in the Jak2V617F knockin mice normalized all the blood parameters and the spleen size. Furthermore, deletion of Stat5 completely abrogated erythropoietin (Epo)–independent erythroid colony formation evoked by Jak2V617F, a hallmark feature of PV. Re-expression of Stat5 in Stat5-deficient Jak2V617F knockin mice completely rescued the defects in transformation of hematopoietic progenitors and the PV phenotype. Together, these results indicate a critical function for Stat5 in the pathogenesis of PV. These findings also provide strong support for the development of Stat5 inhibitors as targeted therapies for the treatment of PV and other JAK2V617F-positive MPNs.

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Experimental infections of baboons (Papio spp.) and vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) with Trichinella zimbabwensis and successful treatment with ivermectin

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.4102/ojvr.v75i2.16 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 75 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S. Mukaratirwa ◽

B. M. Dzoma ◽

E. Matenga ◽

S. D. Ruziwa ◽

L. Sacchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Packed Cell Volume ◽

Post Infection ◽

Blood Cells ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Cercopithecus Aethiops ◽

Vervet Monkeys ◽

Muscular Pain ◽

Normal Ranges

Experimental Trichinella zimbabwensis infections were established in three baboons (Papios p.)and four vervet monkeys (Cercopithecuase thiops) and the clinical-pathological manifestations assessed. The infected animals showed clinical signs ranging from fever, diarrhoea, periorbitaol edema and muscular pain in varying degrees. One baboon became blind due to the infection. Levels of creatinine phosphokinase and lactated ehydrogenase increased to reach a peak on Day 42 post-infection(pi)for both baboons and monkeys. Blood parameters such as packed cell volume, levels of red blood cells and white blood cells did not change significantly from the normal ranges except for the levels of eosinophils which peaked above the normal ranges at Day 28 and 56 pi in baboons and at Day 56 pi in monkeys.

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Effects of Fruits of Lapsi (Nepali Hog Plum) Choerospondias axillaris (roxb.) b.l.Burtt & a.w.Hill on Some Blood Parameters of Major Carp rohu Labeo rohita(H) During Intensive Aquaculture

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/njst.v19i1.29801 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 186-195

Author(s):

Shubha Ratna Shakya ◽

Shyam Narayan Labh

Keyword(s):

Blood Cells ◽

Labeo Rohita ◽

Control Diet ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fish Feeds ◽

Intensive Aquaculture ◽

And Control

The complete blood cell count (CBC) is an important and powerful diagnostic tool to monitor the health status of fish in response to changes related to nutrition, water quality, and disease in response to therapy.Thus, the present study was about to know the effect of lapsi fruit pulp (Choerospondias axillaris) on some blood parameters in the fingerlings of rohu Labeo rohita cultured in Corona of Agriculture Hatchery farm, Chitwan, Nepal. Altogether eighteen hapas made of heavy-duty nylon net (1.5m3) were kept and placed inside the pond, distributed linearly, and then 270 fingerlings (@15 fishes/ hapa) were kept distributed randomly. Six practical diets like T1 (0.0 g kg-1), T2 (0.1 g kg-1), T3 (0.2 g kg-1), T4 (0.4 g kg-1), T5 (0.8 g kg-1) and T6 (1.6 g kg-1) were prepared. Feed containing 40% protein was supplemented with the ethanol extract of lapsi fruits. At the end of 90 days of the feeding trial, a significant difference (P< 0.05) in blood parameters were observed between the treated and control diet-fed groups. Hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), packed cell volume (PCV), and other erythrocyte indices were recorded higher in the treated groups. RBC, WBC, Hct, and Hb were found significantly higher in the T4 (0.4 %) diet-fed group. The study showed a minimum of 0.4 % (0.4g kg-1) lapsi fruit extract needed in fish feeds to increase blood parameters to enhance growth and immunity.

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Biochemical and haematological changes associated with short periods of work in draught oxen

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100040368 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 375-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

R. Anne Pearson ◽

R. F. Archibald

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Inorganic Phosphate ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Haematological Changes ◽

Work Done ◽

Friesian Cattle

ABSTRACTBlood samples were taken from three Brahman × Friesian cattle while they walked for 1 h daily on a treadmill pulling 20 or 25 kg weights suspended in a cage. Heart rate and energy expenditure during work were closely correlated. The work had no significant effect on blood levels of red cells, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total protein, albumin, glycerol, urea, Mg, Ca, Na, K and chloride. White blood cells, glucose, lactate, free fatty acids, P-hydroxybutyrate and inorganic phosphate were affected by work although the changes were shortlived and values had returned to resting levels 75 min after work finished. The changes were similar in each animal and indicated work done by draught cattle is largely at a submaximal level. Apart from lactate no blood parameters were identified that could be usefully used to compare performance.

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